ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ ÆÈÇÍÜ È ÒÂÎÐ×ÅÑÒÂÎ. THE LIFE AND OEUVRE. 1848 |
1848
1848 - The English Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was formed in with seven members, all Royal Academy students except for William Michael Rossetti.
“Perhaps the first drawing for the subject; the grouping is essentially the same though the male figure on the extreme left and many of the accessories have not yet been introduced.


Ðîññåòòè çàêîí÷èë ïåðåâîä Vita Nova â îêòÿáðå 1848 ãîäà è ïëàíèðîâàë èëëþñòðèðîâàòü åãî ñâîèìè ðèñóíêàìè. Ïåðâûé âàðèàíò Ðîññåòòè ïî÷òè çàêîí÷èë â ñåíòÿáðå 1848 ãîäà, íî îñòàâèë åãî è âòîðóþ âåðñèþ çàâåðøèë â ìàå 1849-ãî, ïî õàðàêòåðó ðèñóíêà è ïðîðàáîòêå äåòàëåé ðèñóíîê ñáëèæàåòñÿ ñ ãðàâþðîé.

Ñòàòóýòêà ñëåâà -St. Reparata - ñâÿòàÿ, ïîêðîâèòåëüíèöà Ôëîðåíöèè.
Ðåïàðàòà Ïî ïðåäàíèþ ñâÿòàÿ Ðåïàðàòà áûëà ñõâà÷åíà çà èñïîâåäàíèå Õðèñòîâîé âåðû, êîãäà åé áûëî âñåãî äâåíàäöàòü ëåò. Îòêàçàâøèñü îòðå÷üñÿ îò Õðèñòà, ñâÿòàÿ äåâà áûëà áðîøåíà â ïå÷ü, íî âûøëà îòòóäà íåâðåäèìîé. Ïîñëå ýòîãî ñâÿòîé Ðåïàðàòå îòðóáèëè ãîëîâó, è äóøà å¸ â âèäå ãîëóáÿ âçëåòåëà íà íåáî
Ãëàâíûé ïîñåòèòåëü, âîçìîæíî ýòî Guido Cavalcanti (Ãâèäî Êàâàëüêàíòè (èòàë. Guido Cavalcanti; 1259, Ôëîðåíöèÿ — àâãóñò 1300) — èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïîýò). Áûë äðóãîì Äàíòå è äî íåãî ñ÷èòàëñÿ ãëàâîé ôëîðåíòèéñêèõ ïîýòîâ,), îáëà÷¸í â êîñòþì èìåþùèéñÿ íà èëëþñòðàöèè â Camille Bonard's Costumes Historiques ðåïðîäóêöèè êîñòþìà èç Spanish Chapel âî Ôëîðåíöèè.

Âëèÿíèå íà ñòèëü ðèñóíêà ìîãëè îêàçàòü : Lasinio's engravings of the Campo Santo frescoes êîíòóðíûå èëëþñòðàöèè ãåðìàíñêîãî õóäîæíèêà Retzsch:


Âëèÿíèå îêàçàëè òàêæå ðèñóíêè Ìèëëå, íàïðèìåð, íàáðîñîê ê Èçàáåëëå.  ýòîò ïåðèîä çà÷èíàòåëè Áðàòñòâà - Ìèëëå, Õàíò è Ðîññåòòè äåìîíñòðèðóþò âûðàæåííîå ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîå åäèíñòâî â ðèñóíêå.
Íà ïîëó ñèìâîëû Vanitas. Íà êðåñëå è îêíå èçîáðàæåí ãåðá Àëèãüåðè. Äàíòå íàðèñîâàí ïî åãî ïðåäïîëàãàåìîìó ïîðòðåòó Giotto , îáíàðóæåííîìó â Palazzo del Padesta âî Ôëîðåíöèè â 1840 ãîäó.
×àñîâíÿ íà ïåðâîì ýòàæå çäàíèÿ áûëà ïîñòðîåíà ïîñëå 1280 ãîäà . Çäåñü ïðèãîâîðåííûå ê ñìåðòè îñòàíàâëèâàëèñü ïåðåä òåì, êàê îòïðàâèòüñÿ â ïóòü ê âèñåëèöå, êîòîðûì ïîìîãàëè áðàòüÿ èç Êîìïàíèè Ñàíòà-Ìàðèÿ-äåëëà-Êðî÷å-àëü-Òåìïèî, ÷àñòüþ êîòîðîé áûëè Áàòòóòè äå Íåðè. Ýòî èñïîëüçîâàíèå îáúÿñíÿåò íàëè÷èå ôðåñîê, ïîñâÿùåííûõ ôèãóðå Ìàãäàëèíû, èñêóïëåííîé ãðåøíèöû è Ñóäà , êîòîðûå áûëè âûïîëíåíû â ìàñòåðñêîé Äæîòòî, âîçìîæíî, íà îñíîâå ðèñóíêà ìàñòåðà, êîòîðûé âñêîðå èñ÷åçíåò; ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå ÷àñîâíþ èíîãäà ñ÷èòàþò åãî ïîñëåäíåé ðàáîòîé.


1848 ãîä.
 ìàðòå âñòóïèë â Cyclographic scetching club è îäíîâðåìåííî ïûòàëñÿ ñîçäàòü ëèòåðàòóðíûé êëóá.
 1848 ãîäó Ðîññåòòè çíàêîìèòñÿ ñ Ôîðäîì Ìýäîêñîì Áðàóíîì (Ford Madox Brown) êîòîðîìó ïðåäñòîÿëî ñòàòü Ðîññåòòè äðóãîì íà âñþ æèçíü. Ðîññåòòè ïîñåòèë âûñòàâêó êàðòîíîâ Áðàóíà äëÿ ðîñïèñè ïàðëàìåíòà â Âåñòìèíñòåðå (Ôîðä Ìýäîêñ Áðàóí, "The Spirit of Justice" - êàðòîí íà ñîðåâíîâàíèè ïî ðîñïèñè Âåñòìèíñòåðà) è áûë âîñõèù¸í ìàñòåðñòâîì õóäîæíèêà.  åãî êàðòèíàõ Ðîññåòòè íàø¸ë ÷åðòû, îòñóòñòâîâàâøèå â ðàáîòàõ ñîâðåìåííûõ åìó õóäîæíèêîâ è èíñòðóêöèÿõ Àêàäåìèè. Íà ñåìü ëåò ñòàðøå Ðîññåòòè Áðàóí áûë óæå çðåëûì ìàñòåðîì, ó÷èëñÿ â àíòâåðïåíñêîé Àêàäåìèè, ïîáûâàë âî Ôðàíöèè è Èòàëèè. Áðàóí ðàññêàçàë áóäóùèì ïðåðàôàýëèòàì î èñêóññòâå íàçàðåéöåâ, ñ êîòîðûì îí ïîçíàêîìèëñÿ â Ðèìå.
Brown was born in Calais and studied art in Antwerp under Egide Charles Gustave Wappers. In 1843 he submitted work to the Westminster Cartoon Competition, for compositions to decorate the new Palace of Westminster. He was not successful. His early works were, however, greatly admired by the young Dante Gabriel Rossetti, who asked him to become his tutor.
Rossetti at Madox Brown's studio.
Õàíò âñïîìèíàåò ñâîé ïåðâûé ñîâìåñòíûé ñ Ðîññåòòè âèçèò â ñòóäèþ Áðàóíà íà Clipstone Street â àâãóñòå 1848 ãîäà, òîãäà Áðàóí ðàáîòàë íàä òðåìÿ áîëüøèìè ïîëîòíàìè. Âçãëÿíóâ íà ïîëîòíî The Seeds and Fruits of English Poetry, Ðîññåòòè ïðåçðèòåëüíî çàìåòèë, ÷òî â ïîëíûé ðîñò íàäî áûëî èçîáðàçèòü Øýëëè è Êèòñà âìåñòî Ïîóïà è Á¸ðíñà, à óïîìèíàíèå èìåíè Kirke White íàçâàë ñìåõîòâîðíûì. Ðîññåòòè ïîñåùàë ìàñòåðñêóþ Áðàóíà è ðàáîòàë, èëè ñêîðåå ó÷èëñÿ òàì.


This early picture was executed under the tutelage of Ford Madox Brown. It is reproduced in black and white in Hunt's Pre-Raphaelitism, facing page 149.
Õåðóâèìû, ðàññìàòðèâàþùèå òåðíîâûé âåíåö.
×åðåç ïÿòü ìåñÿöåâ Ðîññåòòè îñòàâëÿåò ìàñòåðñêóþ Ôîðäà Ìýäîêñà Áðàóíà, ÷òîáû îòíûíå ó÷èòüñÿ æèâîïèñè â ñòóäèè Õîëìàíà Õàíòà, ïîä åãî ðóêîâîäñòâîì Ðîññåòòè ïðèñòóïèë ê ïåðâîé ñåðü¸çíîé êàðòèíå "Þíîñòü Äåâû Ìàðèè, êîòîðóþ çàêîí÷èë â 1849 ãîäó.
Õàíò â 1845 ãîäó ïîñòóïèë â øêîëó Êîðîëåâñêîé àêàäåìèè õóäîæåñòâ. Òàì ïîäðóæèëñÿ ñ Äæ. Ý. Ìèëëåñîì.  òîì æå ãîäó ïðî÷èòàë ïåðâûé òîì êíèãè Äæ. иñêèíà "Ñîâðåìåííûå õóäîæíèêè", âûøåäøèé â 1843 ãîäó. Èäåè иñêèíà î "ïðàâäå íàòóðû" è î âîçâðàùåíèè ê ñòèëèñòèêå ðàííåãî Ðåíåññàíñà óòâåðäèëè åãî â ìûñëè î íåîáõîäèìîñòè ñîåäèíåíèÿ â èñêóññòâå õóäîæåñòâåííîãî è ìîðàëüíîãî ýëåìåíòîâ.
Íà åæåãîäíîé âûñòàâêå â ñòåíàõ Êîðîëåâñêîé Àêàäåìèè 1848 ãîäà ñðåäè 1474 ýêñïîíàòîâ Ðîññåòòè âîñõèòèëà èìåííî êàðòèíà Õàíòà "Êàíóí ñâ. Àãíåññû". Êàðòèíó ïîâåñèëè â Àðõèòåêòóðíîì çàëå äîâîëüíî âûñîêî, íî õîðîøî îñâåù¸ííóþ. Õàíò ïîòîì ïèñàë: "Ðîññåòòè ïîäîøåë êî ìíå è ãðîìêî ñòàë õâàëèòü ìîþ êàðòèíó, îáúÿâèâ ÷òî ýòî - ëó÷øàÿ âåùü íà âûñòàâêå, ÷òî ìåíÿ î÷åíü ñìóòèëî. Îí îñîáåííî âîñòîðæåííî îòíåññÿ ê òîìó, ÷òî ÿ âçÿë ñþæåò èç ïîýçèè Êèòñà". Ïîëîòíî ïðîèçâåëî îãðîìíîå âïå÷àòëåíèå íà þíîãî Äàíòå Ãàáðèýëÿ Ðîññåòòè. Îí òîëüêî ÷òî èëëþñòðèðîâàë Keat's "La Belle Dame sans Merci"äëÿ Cyclographic Society, õîòÿ Õàíò áûë ÷ëåíîì êëóáà, ñ Ðîññåòòè îí ïîçíàêîìèëñÿ òîëüêî íà âûñòàâêå. Ðîññåòòè ïîðàçèëî èñïîëüçîâàíèå Õàíòîì ïóðïóðà â ïëàùå Madelin.
Ïîëîòíî, íàïèñàííîå íà ñþæåò ðîìàíòè÷åñêîé ïîýìû Êèòñà, ïðîèçâåëî îãðîìíîå âïå÷àòëåíèå íà þíîãî Äàíòå Ãàáðèýëÿ Ðîññåòòè , îñòàâèâøåãî ìàñòåðñêóþ Ôîðäà Ìýäîêñà Áðàóíà, ÷òîáû îòíûíå ó÷èòüñÿ æèâîïèñè ó Õàíòà.
Îòðûâîê èç ïîýìû:
"×ó! Ñëûøèøü ãîëîñ âüþãè êîëäîâñêîé, -
Îí íàñ çîâåò. Âñòàâàé, ìîÿ ðîäíàÿ!
Çàðÿ áëèçêà, è äåíü íå çà ãîðîé, -
Ñïåøè çà ìíîé, ñîìíåíèÿ íå çíàÿ, -
Ñêîðåé, â äîðîãó! Áðàòèÿ õìåëüíàÿ
Íå â ñèëàõ íè ïîäíÿòüñÿ, íè âçãëÿíóòü,
Íàä êðóæêàìè ðåéíâåéíà çàñûïàÿ.
Ñêâîçü ñíåã è âåðåñê ïðåäñòîèò íàì ïóòü
Íà þã, ãäå çàìîê ìîé, ãäå ñìîæåì îòäîõíóòü".
È ïîä÷èíèëàñü Ìàäåëèíà. Ñêîðî,
Ïðåâîçìîãàÿ ðîáîñòü è èñïóã,
Îíà øàãíóëà â òåìåíü êîðèäîðà,
Õîòÿ ÷óäîâèù âèäåëà âîêðóã.
Çà íåé ñòóïèë åå âëþáëåííûé äðóã,
È â ñóìðàêå ðàññâåòà ìóòíî-ñåðîì
Íå äîíîñèëñÿ íè åäèíûé çâóê -
Ëèøü ñêâîçíÿêè ñêîëüçèëè ïî øïàëåðàì,
Ïî âûòêàííûì íà íèõ ãàëàíòíûì êàâàëåðàì.
Êàê ïðèçðàêè, â øèðîêèé òåìíûé çàë
Îíè ïðîøëè ê æåëåçíûì áàëþñòðàäàì
Ó âõîäà, ãäå ïðèâðàòíèê ìèðíî ñïàë
Ñ îãðîìíîþ ïóñòîé áóòûëêîé ðÿäîì;
Îí ïðèïîäíÿëñÿ è îêèíóë âçãëÿäîì
Ñâîþ õîçÿéêó, ñíÿë ñ äâåðåé çàìîê,
Îòêèíóë öåïü - è âîò êîíåö ïðåãðàäàì:
Ñâèðåïûé ñòðàæ ó äâåðè ñíîâà ëåã,
È þíàÿ ÷åòà ñòóïèëà çà ïîðîã"
Hunt's picture illustrates stanza forty-one of Keats's poem:
They glide, like phantoms, into the wide hall;
Like phantoms, to the iron porch, they glide;
Where lay the Porter, in uneasy sprawl,
With a huge empty flagon by his side:
The wakeful bloodhound rose, and shook his hide,
But his sagacious eye an inmate owns:
By one, and one, the bolts full easy slide; --
The chains lie silent on the footworn stones; --
The key turns, and the door upon its hinges groans. [ll. 361-69]
The work is typically early Pre-Raphaelite in its detail, its even lighting, and its bright "blue-greens, purples, violets, which came to be one of the marks of Pre-Raphaelite painting" (Watkinson 39), and in its close attention to nature. Hunt wrote of his painting,
I am limited to architecture and night effect, but I purpose after this to paint an out-of-door picture, with a foreground and background, abjuring altogether brown foliage, smoky clouds, and dark corners, direct on the canvas itself, with every detail I can see, and with the sunlight brightness of the day itself. [Watkinson 40]
Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil A Story from Boccaccio

 àâãóñòå 1848 ãîäà ìîëîäûå ëþäè ñíÿëè àòåëüå íà Êëèâëåíä-ñòðèò (Cleveland Street) âîçëå Ðèäæåíòñ-ïàðêà. À ðàíåå â àâãóñòå ñîâåðøèëè ñîâìåñòíóþ ïîåçäêó íà ïëåíýð â Black heath Park.
 àâãóñòå Õàíò è Ðîññåòòè ñîñòàâèëè Ñïèñîê Áåññìåðòíûõ.
 ñåíòÿáðå Ðîññåòòè èãðàåò âåäóùóþ ðîëü â ñîçäàíèè Áðàòñòâà Ïðåðàôàýëèòîâ.
 îêòÿáðå çàêîí÷èë ïåðåâîä Vita Nuova.
 íîÿáðå 1848 ãîäà Ðîññåòòè ñîñòàâèë ñïèñîê èç òðèíàäöàòè ïðåäïîëàãàåìûõ èëëþñòðàöèé ê íåäàâíî çàêîí÷åííîìó ïåðåâîäó Vita Nuova
Îäåðæèìîñòü Ðîññåòòè òâîð÷åñòâîì Äàíòå ïðîÿâèëàñü â òîì, ÷òî â êîíöå 1848 ãîäà îí ñòàë ïîäïèñûâàòüñÿ Dante Gabriel
Christina Rossetti.
Pencil on paper, drawn about 1848-50, 15 x 11.5cm, Private collection
Þíàÿ ñåñòðà Ðîññåòòè óæå íà÷àëà êàðüåðó ïîýòåññû. Ðèñóíîê, âîçìîæíî ñäåëàí â ñâÿçè ñ "Þíîñòüþ Äåâû Ìàðèè", ãäå îíà ïîçèðîâàëà äëÿ Ìàðèè.
Rossetti's younger sister had already embarked on her career as a poet. The drawing may have been made in connection with 'The Girlhood of Mary Virgin', for which she posed for the figure of Mary.

Genevieve . Rossetti's August 1848
Designed for the Cyclographic Society, this drawing was intended as an illustration to Coleridge's poem in which the heroine is called Genevieve

Ýñêèç Ýëèçàáåò Ñèääàë êàê Ðàõèëü.
Study for Rachel. Figure: Pencil. 1855.
Íàä ïåðâîé ñâîåé ïðåðàôàýëèòñêîé êàðòèíîé The Girlhood of Mary Virgin Ðîññåòòè ðàáîòàë ëåòîì 1848 ãîäà ïîä íàáëþäåíèåì è ðóêîâîäñòâîì Õàíòà, ïûòàâøåãîñÿ ìèíèìèçèðîâàòü âëèÿíèå Áðàóíà.
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