ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ 1856 -1857 |
Á¸ðí-Äæîíñ è Ìîððèñ ñòàëè ñ÷èòàòü ïðåðàôàýëèòîâ õóäîæåñòâåííûì èäåàëîì ïîñëå çíàêîìñòâà ñ àêâàðåëüþ Ðîññåòòè 1853 ãîäà "Äàíòå, ðèñóþùèé àíãåëà". Á¸ðí-Äæîíñ è Ìîððèñ ïîçíàêîìèëèñü ñ Ðîññåòòè â 1856 ãîäó, êîãäà îí ïðåïîäàâàë â Ðàáî÷åì êîëëåäæå è ê ëåòó îíè óæå áûëè áëèçêèìè äðóçüÿì. Ðîññåòòè ó÷àñòâîâàë â æóðíàëå Ìîððèñà Oxford and Cambridge Magazine. Áåðí-Äæîíñ â Îêñôîðäå óâèäåë êàðòèíó Ðîññåòòè "Ïåðâàÿ ãîäîâùèíà ñìåðòè Áåàòðè÷å" è ïîñ÷èòàë å¸ "âåëè÷àéøèì ÷óäîì", îí ïîêèíóë Îêñôîðä, ãäå íàìåðåâàëñÿ âûó÷èòüñÿ íà ñâÿùåííèêà, ïåðååõàë â Ëîíäîí, ðàçûñêàë Ðîññåòòè è ñòàë àññèñòåíòîì â åãî ìàñòåðñêîé.
 1856 ãîäó Ðîññåòòè ïîëó÷èë çàêàç íà áîëüøîé òðèïòèõ äëÿ Llandaff Cathedral

Òâîð÷åñòâî Ðîññåòòè îòðàæàëî, ÷òî åñòåñòâåííî, åãî ýìîöèîíàëüíîå ñîñòîÿíèå. Îêîëî 1856 ãîäà â í¸ì ïðîèçîøëî âíåçàïíîå èçìåíåíèå, êîãäà íàñòðîåíèå íåâèííîñòè, äåâñòâåííîñòè è ïðîñòîòû, ñîïðîâîæäàâøèå íà÷àëî åãî ëþáâè ê Ýëèçàáåò Ñèääàë, óñòóïèëî ìåñòî ñîâåðøåííî îòëè÷íîé ìàíåðå æèâîïèñè - ïûøíîé, áîãàòîé, ÷óâñòâåííîé, îðíàìåíòàëüíîé è âûñîêî äåòàëèçèðîâàííîé.
Ëèççè òåïåðü ñèìâîëèçèðóåò äëÿ Ðîññåòòè íå÷òî óãðîæàþùåå, áîëåçíåííîå è ôðèãèäíîå.
 1856 J. Brett âîçâðàòèëñÿ èç Øâåéöàðèè ñ êàðòèíîé " The Glacier of Roselaui". Ðîññåòòè óâèäåë å¸ â ñòóäèè õóäîæíèêà, ïðèø¸ë â âîñõèùåíèå è îòâ¸ç ïîêàçàòü Ðàñêèíó, êîòîðûé òàêæå âûñîêî å¸ îöåíèë ( ïî åãî ëåêàëàì äåëàëîñü)

Dante's Dream at the Time of the Death of Beatrice 1856Êàðòèíà èçîáðàæàåò Äàíòå, ïðèáëèæàþùåãîñÿ ê ñìåðòíîìó ëîæó, íà êîòîðîå ïîëîæåíà Áåàòðè÷å. Ðîññåòòè çàèìñòâóåò òåìó ó Äàíòå, â êîòîðîé ïîýò " âåäîì (áîãîì ëþáâè) ëþáîâüþ ê ìåðòâîé Áåàòðè÷å. Ñëóæàíêè îïóñêàþò ïîãðåáàëüíûé ïîêðîâ íà êîòîðîì ñèìâîëè÷åñêèå mayflowers, â òî âðåìÿ êàê ìàêè, ñèìâîëèçèðóþùèå ñìåðòü, óñûïàþò ïîë." Ñóùåñòâóåò äðóãîå òîëêîâàíèå: àíãåëû äåðæàò ïîêðîâ íàä Áåàòðè÷å, ñèìâîëèçèðóþùèé ãðàíèöó ñ íåáåñíîé æèçíüþ. Ìîäåëüþ äëÿ àíãåëîâ ïîñëóæèëè: ñëåâà Àëåêñà Óàéëäèíã, ñïðàâà Ñïàðòàëè Ñòèëìàí. Äàíòå - Óèëüÿì Äæåéìñ Ñòèëìàí, Ëþáîâü - Ýäâàðä Õüþç. Edward Robert Hughes Ýäâàðä Ðîáåðò Õüþç Ëþáîâü öåëóåò Áåòðè÷å, â å¸ ðóêå ñòðåëà, íàïðàâëåííàÿ îò Áåàòðè÷å ê Äàíòå. Ëþáîâü äåðæèò Äàíòå çà ðóêó ñîåäèíÿÿ åãî ñ Áåàòðè÷å, ñèìâîëèçèðóÿ òîðæåñòâî ëþáîâè è ïîñëå ñìåðòè.
Ðîññåòòè íàïèñàë äâå âåðñèè äàííîé êàðòèíû, îäíó â 1856 ãîäó - àêâàðåëü, à äðóãóþ â 1871 ãîäó - ìàñëîì.  êàæäîé êàðòèíå îí ïðèäàë ëèöó Áåàòðè÷å ÷åðòû ñâîåé ëþáèìîé íà òîò ïåðèîä.  1856 ýòî åãî æåíà Ýëèçàáåò Ñèääàë, à â 1871 ãîäó â Áåàòðè÷å ìû óçíà¸ì Äæåéí Ìîððèñ, îäíàêî ñ âîëîñàìè Ñèääàë.
The painting shows Dante approaching the deceased Beatrice laid out on her burial bier. Rossetti in this image adapts a theme from Dante in which the poet "is led by (the god of) Love...to see the dead Beatrice. Attendants lower a pall laden with symbolic mayflowers, while poppies symbolizing death litter the floor". Rossetti painted two versions of this scene, one in 1856 and another in 1871, in each he has imposed onto the face of Beatrice the features of the object of his affection, in the 1871 image, we recognize Jane Morris. In the 1856 image find Rossetti's wife, Elizabeth Siddal.

Study of Guinevere for Sir Lancelot in the Queen's Chamber 1857

Ãðóïïîé ïðåðàôàýëèòîâ äåêîðèðîâàí Oxford Union Building êàêîâîå ñîáûòèå ïðèíÿòî ñ÷èòàòü íà÷àëîì âòîðîé ôàçû ïðåðàôàýëèòèçìà..
 àâãóñòå 1857 ãîäà Ðîññåòòè è äðóãèå ïðåðàôàýëèòû áûëè çàíÿòû îôîðìëåíèåì äîìà íà ïëîùàäè Êðàñíîãî ëüâà. Ðîññåòòè â ýòî âðåìÿ ïîñåòèë Îêñôîðä, ÷òîáû âñòðåòèòüñÿ ñî ñâîèì äðóãîì àðõèòåêòîðîì èç Äóáëèíà Benjamin Woodward, êîòîðûé â ýòî âðåìÿ ñòðîèë â Îêñôîðäå óíèâåðñèòåòñêèé ìóçåé è Õîëë äåáàòîâ.  åãî äîìå Ðîññåòè âñòðåòèë John Hungerford Pollen êîòîðûé èìåë îïûò â öåðêîâíûõ ðîñïèñÿõ, îí ñëóæèë ïðîôåññîðîì èçÿùíûõ èñêóññòâ â êàòîëè÷åñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå Äóáëèíà. Ðîññåòòè ñóìåë óáåäèòü Âóäâîðòà, ÷òî îí è ãðóïïà ïåðàôàýëèòîâ ñìîãóò âûïîëíèòü çàêàç íà îôîðìëåíèå Çàëà Äåáàòîâ. Èç Ëîíäîíà áûëè âûçâàíû Á¸ðí-Äæîíñ è Ìîððèñ, Ðîññåòòè è Ïîëåí âîçãëàâèëè ãðóïïó, ê êîòîðîé ïðèñîåäèíèëèñü Àðòóð Õüþç Arthur Huges, Spencer Stanhope è Val Prinsep.
Ãðóïïà ïðèñòóïèëè ê îôîðìèòåëüñêèì ðàáîòàì äëÿ Îêñôîðäñêîãî ñîþçà - ðîñïèñè ñòåíû íàä ãàëåðååé Çàëà Äåáàòîâ (Äèñêóññèîííûé õîëë), îíà áûëà ïîäåëåíà íà äåñÿòü íèø è ïðîíèçàíà äâàäöàòüþ øåñòüþ êðóãëûìè îêíàìè. Ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü èñïîëíèòü äåñÿòü ôðåñîê òåìïåðîé íà òåìó Ñìåðòè Àðòóðà Òîìàñà Ìýëîðè è îòäåëàòü ïîòîëîê. Ìîððèñ èçáðàë òåìîé Ðåâíîñòü Ñýðà Ïàëîìèäà è ðàñïèñàë ïîòîëîê. Åìó ïîìîãàëè ñòàðûå îêñôîðäñêèå äðóçüÿ: Ôîêíåð, Ïðàéñ è Äèêñîí.
Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íèêòî èç õóäîæíèêîâ, êðîìå Ïîëåíà íå îáëàäàë îïûòîì â èñïîëíåíèè ôðåñîê. Íà òîëüêî ïîñòðîåííûõ ñòåíàõ áûëà âëàæíàÿ øòóêàòóðêà, êðîìå ïîáåëêè íå èñïîëüçîâàëàñü íèêàêàÿ ãðóíòîâêà. ×àñòü êðàñîê ïðîñòî âïèòàëàñü â íå¸, à ÷àñòü îòøåëóøèëàñü. Êðîìå òîãî, çàë îñâåùàëè ãàçîâûå ëàìïû, ÷üè èñïàðåíèÿ ïîâðåæäàëè ôðåñêè. Èç-çà íåäîñòàòêà îïûòà â ñëîæíîé òåõíèêå ôðåñêè íè÷åãî õîðîøåãî íå ïîëó÷èëîñü. Ðîñïèñü ïîìåðêëà óæå â ïðîöåññå ðàáîòû. Ðîññåòòè íà÷àë, íî òàê è íå çàêîí÷èë ôðåñêó Âèäåíèå Ëàíñåëîòà î Ñâÿòîì Ãðààëå. Lancelot's Vision of the Sangreal, Sir Pelleas and the Lady Ettarde, King Arthur and Excalibur, Sir Gawaine and three damsels ïîãèáëè. Ïåðâîé ïîãèáëà ðàáîòà Ìîððèñà, ÷åðåç øåñòü ìåñÿöåâ áûëà âèäíà òîëüêî ÷àñòü ãîëîâû Òðèñòàíà è ðÿä ïîäñîëíóõîâ.


Rossetti's design for Sir Lancelot's Vision of the Holy Grail The unfinished mural painted by Rossetti. Note the blank wall space.
A close up of Jane Burden, later Morris, in Rossetti's Sir Lancelot's Vision of the Holy Grail
Âî âðåìÿ ðàáîòû íàä ôðåñêàìè â Îêñôîðäå â 1857 ãîäó Ðîññåòòè îáðàùàåòñÿ ê Àðòóðèàíñêîé òåìå è ñîçäà¸ò íåñêîëüêî àêâàðåëåé, êóïëåííûõ Âèëüÿìîì Ìîððèñîì è ïåðåïðîäàííûõ çàòåì äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ êàïèòàëà åãî ôèðìû, à òàê æå íåñêîëüêî ýñêèçîâ ê Îêñôîðäñêèì ôðåñêàì, ñòàðàÿñü â áîëüøåì ìàñøòàáå ïåðåäàòü îñîáåííîñòè ñðåäíåâåêîâîãî ðèñóíêà.



The illustration to Tennyson's "Palace of Art"
The lines illustrated are—

 1856 J. Brett âîçâðàòèëñÿ èç Øâåéöàðèè ñ êàðòèíîé " The Glacier of Roselaui". Ðîññåòòè óâèäåë å¸ â ñòóäèè õóäîæíèêà, ïðèø¸ë â âîñõèùåíèå è îòâ¸ç ïîêàçàòü Ðàñêèíó, êîòîðûé òàêæå âûñîêî å¸ îöåíèë ( ïî åãî ëåêàëàì äåëàëîñü).
Ðîññåòòè ïîêàçàë "Ëåäíèê Ðîçåíëàó" иñêèíó, ïðåäñòàâèâ åìó Äæîíà
Áðåòòà, êàê ñâîåãî ó÷åíèêà.
 Îêñôîðäå Ðîññåòòè ïîçíàêîìèëñÿ ñ äî÷åðüþ ìåñòíîãî êîíþõà Äæåéí Á¸ðäåí è ïðåäëîæèë åé ñòàòü ìîäåëüþ äëÿ Äæèíåâðû, æåíû êîðîëÿ Àðòóðà.  äàëüíåéøåì îíà ñòàëà ìóçîé Ðîññåòòè, âäîõíîâëÿÿ åãî íà ñîçäàíèå ëó÷øèõ ïðîèçâåäåíèé ïîýçèè è æèâîïèñè: Ïðîçåðïèíà, Ñèíåå øåëêîâîå ïëàòüå è ò.ä.
| Ðóáðèêè: | ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ. ROSSETTI./ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ ÆÈÇÍÜ ROSSETTI LIFE |
| Êîììåíòèðîâàòü | « Ïðåä. çàïèñü — Ê äíåâíèêó — Ñëåä. çàïèñü » | Ñòðàíèöû: [1] [Íîâûå] |