ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ 1859-60 |
Ïîâîðîòíûì ïóíêòîì â êàðüåðå õóäîæíèêà ñòàëà êàðòèíà "Bocca Bîciata" 1859 ãîäà, êîòîðîé, ïî âèäèìîìó, Ðîññåòòè îòìåòèë ïîòåðþ ëè÷íîé íåâèííîñòè.

Oil on canvas 33,7*30,5 ñì.
Location Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston.
Äâóìÿ ãîäàìè ïîçäíåå çàâåðøåíèÿ ôðåñîê Oxford Union Murals Ðîññåòòè ñîçäà¸ò êàðòèíó, êîòîðàÿ ñòàëà ïîâîðîòíûì ïóíêòîì â åãî êàðüåðå è îçíàìåíîâàëà íà÷àëî çàêëþ÷èòåëüíîãî ýòàïà òâîð÷åñòâà. Swinburne íàïèñàë î íåé, ÷òî îíà íàñòîëüêî ïîðàçèòåëüíà, ÷òî íåâîçìîæíî âûðàçèòü ñëîâàìè. Çàâåðøåíèå êàðòèíû çíàìåíîâàëî âîçâðàùåíèå Ðîññåòòè îò àêâàðåëè ê ìàñëÿíîé æèâîïèñè. Âïåðâûå Ðîññåòòè èçîáðàæàåò îäíó æåíñêóþ ôèãóðó è ñîçäà¸ò ñòèëü, êîòîðûé âïîñëåäñòâèè ñòàë "ïîäïèñüþ" åãî ðàáîò. Ýòà êàðòèíà ïåðâàÿ â ñåðèè ÷óâñòâåííûõ æåíñêèõ îáðàçîâ â ìàíåðå âåíåöèàíñêèõ ìàñòåðîâ 16-ãî âåêà, â îñîáåííîñòè Òèöèàíà è Äæîðäæîíå.  êàðòèíàõ êîòîðûõ ãëàâíîé òåìîé ÿâëÿëàñü êðàñîòà ìîäåëè. Ìîäåëüþ äàííîé êàðòèíû ïîñëóæèëà Ôàííè Êîðíôîðò, ãëàâíàÿ âäîõíîâèòåëüíèöà ÷óâñòâåííûõ æåíñêèõ îáðàçîâ ó Ðîññåòòè.
Íàçâàíèå, áóêâàëüíî îçíà÷àþùåå "óæå öåëîâàííûå ãóáû" íàìåêàåò íà ñåêñóàëüíóþ îïûòíîñòü ïðåäìåòà è âçÿòî èç èòàëüÿíñêîé ïîñëîâèöû, êîòîðóþ õóäîæíèê çàïèñàë íà îáðàòíîé ñòîðîíå õîëñòà:"Bocca baciata non perde ventura, anzi rinnova come fa la luna." "Ãóáû, êîòîðûå öåëîâàëè, íå òåðÿþò ñâîåé ñâåæåñòè, îíè îáíîâëÿþòñÿ êàê ëóíà".
Ðîññåòòè, èçûñêàííûé ïåðåâîä÷èê èòàëüÿíñêîé ïîýçèè, âåðîÿòíî ïðî÷èòàë ïîãîâîðêó â Äåêàìåðîíå Áîêà÷÷î, ãäå îíà èñïîëüçîâàíà, êàê êóëüìèíàöèÿ íîâåëëû îá Alatiel, ïðåêðàñíîé ñàðàöèíñêîé ïðèíöåññå, êîòîðàÿ íåñìîòðÿ íà ñåêñ äåñÿòîê òûñÿ÷ ðàç ñ âîñåìüþ ðàçëè÷íûìè ëþáîâíèêàìè â òå÷åíèå ÷åòûð¸õ ëåò óñïåøíî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñåáÿ êîðîëþ êàê íåâåñòà-äåâñòâåííèöà. Êàðòèíà ïîëíà ñèìâîëîâ, õîòÿ èõ çíà÷åíèå óæå íå òàê ïðÿìîëèíåéíî, êàê â ðàííèõ ïîëîòíàõ ïðåðàôàýëèòîâ. Òàê ðîçà â âîëîñàõ æåíùèíû òðàäèöèîííî ñèìâîëèçèðóåò ëþáîâü, íî áàðõàòöû èëè íîãîòêè íà ôîíå ïî êîíòðàñòó îçíà÷àþò ãîðå.
Ðîññåòòè îáúÿñíÿåò â ïèñüìå William Bell Scott, ÷òî îí ïûòàëñÿ ïèñàòü ïëîòü áîëåå ïëîòíî, âûïóêëî è èçáåæàòü "òîãî, ÷òî ÿ çíàþ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìîåé ïîñòîÿííîé îøèáêîé, äîâîëüíî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîé â æèâîïèñè ïðåðàôàýëèòîâ - "ïóíêòèðíîå" èçîáðàæåíèå òåëà... Äàæå ó õîðîøèõ ñòàðûõ ìàñòåðîâ ïîðòðåòû è ïðîñòûå ñþæåòû ïî÷òè âñåãäà øåäåâðû ïî öâåòó è èñïîëíåíèþ, ÿ äóìàþ, òî ïîìíÿ îá ýòîì, ìîæíî íàêîíåö íàó÷èòñÿ æèâîïèñè". Âîçìîæíî, íà êàðòèíó îêàçàë âëèÿíèå ïîðòðåò ñâîäíîé ñåñòðû Ìèëëå Ñîôè Ãðåé, êîòîðûé Ìèëëå íàïèñàë äâóìÿ ãîäàìè ðàíåå.

Sophie Gray.
Bocca Bociata ýêñïîíèðîâàëàñü â Õîããàðä Êëóáå è îòçûâû áûëè ïðîòèâîðå÷èâû. Îäíèì èç ñàìûõ ñóðîâûõ êðèòèêîâ ÿâèëñÿ Õàíò, íàçâàâøèé æèâîïèñü Ðîññåòòè "ïðèëèçàííîé". Ðàñêèí òàêæå íå îäîáðÿë íîâîãî òå÷åíèÿ â ïðåðàôàýëèçìå è ñ 1860-õ åäèíñòâåííûì õóäîæíèêîì, òâîð÷åñòâî êîòîðîãî îí îäîáðÿë áûë Õàíò, ñîõðàíèâøèé ïðèñòàëüíîå âíèìàíèå ê äåòàëÿì.
Êðèòèêà, îäíàêî, íå ñìóòèëà Ðîññåòòè è åãî ïîðòðåòû ÷óâñòâåííûõ æåíùèí ñ ôàíòàñòè÷åñêèìè ëàòèíñêèìè èëè èòàëüÿíñêèìè çàãîëîâêàìè áåç òðóäà íàõîäèëè ïîêóïàòåëåé ñðåäè áóðæóàçèè.
Bocca Baciata (1859) is a painting by Dante Gabriel Rossetti which represents a turning point in his career. It was the first of his pictures of single female figures, and established the style that was later to become a signature of his work. The model was Fanny Cornforth, the principal inspiration for Rossetti's sensuous figures.
The title, meaning "mouth that has been kissed", refers to the sexual experience of the subject and is taken from the Italian proverb written on the back of the painting:
Bocca baciata non perde ventura, anzi rinnova come fa la luna.
‘The mouth that has been kissed does not lose its savour,
indeed it renews itself just as the moon does.’
Rossetti, an accomplished translator of early Italian literature, probably knew the proverb from Boccaccio’s Decameron where it is used as the culmination of the tale of Alatiel: a beautiful Saracen princess who, despite having had sex on perhaps ten thousand occasions with eight separate lovers in the space of four years, successfully presents herself to the King of the Algarve as his virgin bride.
Rossetti explained in a letter to William Bell Scott that he was attempting to paint flesh more fully, and to "avoid what I know to be a besetting fault of mine - & indeed rather common to PR painting - that of stipple in the flesh...Even among the old good painters, their portraits and simpler pictures are almost always their masterpieces for colour and execution; and I fancy if one kept this in view, one might have a better chance of learning to paint at last."
The painting may have been influenced by Millais' portrait of his sister-in-law Sophie Gray, completed two years earlier.
Òåïåðü îáðàçöîì äëÿ Ðîññåòòè ñëóæèò âåíåöèàíñêîå Cinquecento, ñìåíèâøåå ïðèâåðæåííîñòü ôëîðåíòèéñêîìó è ñèåíñêîìó êâàòðî÷åíòî. ×åðåç äâà ãîäà ïîñëå ñìåðòè æåíû Ðîññåòòè â å¸ ïàìÿòü ïèøåò Beata Beatrix.  ýòîé êàðòèíå îí âíîâü ïðîÿâëÿåò èíòåðåñ ê ñèìâîëèçìó öâåòà. Ãîëóáü òåïåðü êðàñíûé, à íå áåëûé êàê â Äåòñòâå Äåâû, êðàñíîé ñòàëà è ôèãóðà ëþáâè, êîòîðóþ Ðîññåòòè ñòàë òåïåðü îòîæäåñòâëÿòü ñî ñìåðòüþ.
 1860-õ ïðåä íàìè ïðåäñòà¸ò äëèííûé ðÿä îáðàçîâ æåíñêîé êðàñîòû, â ýòîò ïåðèîä Ðîññåòòè íè÷åãî äðóãîãî íå ïèøåò. Æåíùèíû íà åãî ïîëîòíàõ âñ¸ áîëåå òåðÿþò çàãàäî÷íîå î÷àðîâàíèå è îáðåòàþò ïëîòü, â òîæå âðåìÿ òåðÿÿ ñâÿçü ñ íàñòîÿùèì âðåìåíåì è îòäàëÿÿñü â ïðîøëîå. Ëþáîâíûå ïåðåæèâàíèÿ òåïåðü äëÿ Ðîññåòòè ïðîèñõîäÿò íà ôîíå òåêóùåãî âðåìåíè, ìåäëåííîãî äâèæåíèÿ îò æèçíè ê ñìåðòè.


 1859 ãîäó Ðîññåòòè, ðàáîòàâøèé â òåõíèêå àêâàðåëè, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì íåñêîëüêèõ êàðòèí, íàïðèìåð, St. Catherine 1857, âîçâðàùàåòñÿ ê ìàñëÿíîé æèâîïèñè.


«Ðàçâåøèâàíèå îìåëû» (àíãë. The Mistletoe Gatherer), èçâåñòíàÿ òàêæå êàê «Äî÷ü ôåðìåðà» — êàðòèíà àíãëèéñêîãî õóäîæíèêà-ïðåðàôàýëèòà Äàíòå Ãàáðèýëÿ Ðîññåòòè, ñîçäàííàÿ â 1860 ãîäó. Íà íåé èçîáðàæåíà äåâóøêà â ÷åðíîì ïëàòüå, êîòîðàÿ, ñîãëàñíî îïèñàíèþ, ïîäâÿçûâàåò îìåëó,
| Ðóáðèêè: | ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ. ROSSETTI./ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ ÆÈÇÍÜ ROSSETTI LIFE |
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