ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ ÆÈÇÍÜ È ÒÂÎÐ×ÅÑÒÂÎ 1863-64 |
1. Æåíùèíà, ðàñ÷¸ñûâàþùàÿ âîëîñû. Ôàííè Êîðíôîðò. Woman combing her Hair, Fanny Cornfor 1864
2.Êàê Ñýð Ãàëàõàðä, Ñýð Áîðç è Ñýð Ïåðñèâàëü áûëè íàïèòàíû Ñâÿòûì Ãðààëåì, íî ñåñòðà Ñýðà Ïåðñèâàëÿ óìåðëà. Àêâàðåëü 1864.
How Sir Galahad, Sir Bors and Sir Percival were Fed with the Sanc Grael; But Sir Percival's Sister Died by the Way, an 1864 watercolour.
3.ÀÓÐÅËÈß
ÍÎÂÛÉ ÝÒÀÏ - "ÂÅÍÅÖÈÀÍÑÊÀß" ÆÈÂÎÏÈÑÜ.
 íà÷àëå 1860-õ Äàíòå Ãàáðèåëü Ðîññåòòè îòîø¸ë îò âäîõíîâëÿâøåé åãî ðàííåå àñêåòè÷åñêîé ýñòåòèêè ðàííèõ èòàëüÿíñêèõ õóäîæíèêîâ è íàø¸ë íîâûé èñòî÷íèê âäîõíîâåíèÿ â ïûøíûõ ðàáîòàõ âåíåöèàíöåâ 16-ãî âåêà. Ïîä âëèÿíèåì ïîëîòåí Òèöèàíà, Òèíòîðåòòî è Âåðîíåçå, Ðîññåòòè ñîçäàë íîâûé òèï æèâîïèñè, ñòàâøåé èçâåñòíîé êàê "Âåíåöèàíñêàÿ" - ïîëóôèãóðíûé ïîðòðåò ïðåêðàñíîé æåíùèíû â îãðàíè÷åííîì ïðîñòðàíñòâå, çàïîëíåííîì ðåäêîñòÿìè è ïðåäìåòàìè ðîñêîøè, ëèø¸ííûì ïîâåñòâîâàòåëüíîñòè è ñëóæàùèìè òîëüêî äëÿ ïîä÷¸ðêèâàíèÿ êðàñîòû æåíùèíû. Íàçâàíèÿ ýòèõ ïîëîòåí ãîâîðÿò îá èñòèííîì èõ ïðåäìåòå - ÷óâñòâåííûõ óäîâîëüñòâèÿõ. Íîâàÿ òåõíèêà Ðîññåòòè îòëè÷àëàñü íàñûùåííûì öâåòîì è ñèÿíèåì ìàñëÿíîé æèâîïèñè, âû÷óðíûå ïîâåðõíîñòè, øèðîêèå ìàçêè æåñòêîé êèñòüþ èç ñâèíîé ùåòèíû èìèòèðóþò âåíåöèàíñêóþ æèâîïèñü XIV âåêà. Ïîëîòíà Ðîññåòòè 1860-õ ñîäåðæàò ÿâíûé àâòîáèîãðàôè÷åñêèé ýëåìåíò. Äëÿ ñâîèõ âåíåöèàíñêèõ ïîëîòåí Ðîññåòòè èñïîëüçîâàë ðàçëè÷íûõ ìîäåëåé, ÷àñòî îáðàç áûë ñîáèðàòåëüíûì. Íðàâèëîñü åìó ïèñàòü Àëåêñó Âàéëäèíã, ÷ü¸ óìèðîòâîðåííîå âûðàæåíèå è ÷åêàííûå ÷åðòû õîðîøî ñî÷åòàëèñü ñ ïûøíûìè äðàïèðîâêàìè, ñèÿþùèìè äðàãîöåííîñòÿìè è îáèëüíûìè öâåòàìè, çàïîëíÿâøèìè îòíûíå åãî êîìïîçèöèè. Äëÿ Àóðåëèè îí âûáðàë Ôàííè Êîðíôîðò - øèðîêîå ëèöî, äëèííàÿ øåÿ, ïóõëûå ïîäæàòûå ãóáû è ðîñêîøíûå âîëîñû.
 ðàçâèòèè ñàëîííîãî ïîðòðåòà Ðîññåòòè ñûãðàë ïåðâîïðîõîä÷åñêóþ ðîëü.  1860 - 1870-å ïðîèñõîäèëà ýâîëþöèÿ Ðîññåòòè îò ïîýòèçàöèè âíóòðåííèõ áîðåíèé ÷åëîâåêà ê êóëüòó óìîçðèòåëüíîãî èçÿùåñòâà, ïðåðàôàýëèòèçì òðàíñôîðìèðîâàëñÿ â ýñòåòèçì. Ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ ýòîãî ïåðèîäà ïîñâÿùåíû êðàñîòå êàê òàêîâîé. Ïî ñëîâàì Ðîññåòòè óñòðåìëåíèå ê íåé - " åäèíñòâåííàÿ àáñîëþòíàÿ öåëü èñêóññòâà." Åù¸ äî âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ äâèæåíèÿ ñèìâîëèçìà îí îáðàòèë âíèìàíèå íà îùóùåíèå ïîòåðÿííîñòè, âûêëþ÷åííîñòè èç æèçíè, ñàìîóãëóáë¸ííîñòü ñîâðåìåííûõ åìó ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé. Ïîä âëèÿíèåì ýòîãî â 1870-õ âîçíèêëè åãî æåíñêèå ïîðòðåòû. Ñâÿçàííûå ñ âîçíèêøèì â Àíãëèè äâèæåíèåì ýñòåòèçìà, îíè ïîääåðæèâàëè êóëüò êðàñîòû êàê ÷åãî-òî ïðèçâàííîãî çàìåñòèòü æèçíü.
Ïî ñî÷åòàíèþ ýëåãàíòíîñòè è ìåëàíõîëèè, íàñòðîåíèþ íåèçáûâíîé ïå÷àëè, îáèëèþ ñèìâîëè÷åñêèõ äåòàëåé (öâåòîê, ìóçûêàëüíûé èíñòðóìåíò, çíàêè ïðèðîäíûõ ñòèõèé) ïî äóõîâíîé âèáðàöèè êîðè÷íåâûõ, çåë¸íûõ, ñåðåáðèñòî-ïåïåëüíûõ èëè ò¸ìíî-êðàñíûõ òîíîâ ýòî áûë èñòèííî ñèìâîëèñòñêèé ïîðòðåò. Ñàìè íàçâàíèÿ - Ïðîçåðïèíà, Ôüÿìåíòà - ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàëè î ñèìâîëè÷åñêèõ çàìûñëàõ õóäîæíèêà. Ñ õîäîì âðåìåíè õóäîæíèê âñ¸ ÷àùå ïðèíîñèë äóõîâíîñòü â æåðòâó ýñòåòèçìó. Î æèâîïèñè Ðîññåòè ñòàëè ïèñàòü êàê î ïëîòñêîé ðàçíîâèäíîñòè ïîýçèè, êîòîðàÿ íèêîãäà íå áûâàåò äóõîâíîé, íèêîãäà íåæíîé, íî âñåãäà ñàìîäîâîëüíîé è ýñòåòñêîé... îøåëîìëÿþùåå ïðåîáëàäàíèå ÷óâñòâåííîñòè è áîëåçíåííîé æèâîòíîñòè.

Portrait of a young woman in a blue dress sat at table.
Kelmscott Manor, Kelmscott Gloucestershire.
 1866 ãîäó Óèëüÿì Ìîððèñ ïîïðîñèë ñâîåãî äðóãà Ðîññåòòè íàïèñàòü ïîðòðåò åãî æåíû Äæåéí. Ãîòîâÿñü èñïîëíèòü çàêàç, Ðîññåòòè íàïèñàë áåñ÷èñëåííîå êîëè÷åñòâî íàáðîñêîâ, ñòàðàÿñü òî÷íåå ïåðåäàòü îñîáåííîñòè å¸ îáëèêà: çàâèòûå âîëîñû, çàäóì÷èâûå ãëàçà, ãèáêóþ ëèíèþ ðóê è øåè, âñþ ëåíèâóþ ãðàöèþ æåíùèíû. Íàêîíåö, ïîñëå äâóõ ëåò êîíöåíòðàöèè íà îäíîì ïðåäìåòå, Ðîññåòòè ñîîáùèë Äæåéí, ÷òî ãîòîâ íà÷àòü.
Íà ïåðâûå ñåàíñû áûë ïðèãëàøåí è Ìîððèñ, íî çàòåì Äæåéí ñòàëà ïðèõîäèòü îäíà.
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Woman combing her Hair, Fanny Cornfor 1864 Pencil on paper.Width: 373 mm Height: 385 mm
Woman Combing Her Hair1864 Medium: watercolour Dimensions: 14 1/4 x 13 in. Signature: monogram Date on Image: 1864 Production Date: 1864 Model: Fanny Cornforth![]()
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ÀÓÐÅËÈß



Titian's Alphonse Ferrare and Laura de Dianti (Musée du Louvre, Paris)
This is one of a series of pictures, commencing with Bocca Baciata (1859, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston), that features voluptuous young women with long flaming tresses, absorbed in their own thoughts. An object of pure sensuality, Fazio's mistress is lost in reverie as she gazes at herself in the mirror and idly plaits her golden hair.
The subject is inspired by the poetry of Fazio degli Uberti (1326-1360), addressing his Lady, Agniola of Verona, which Rossetti had included in his Early Italian Poets in 1861. Fazio's description of his mistress's beauty (as translated by Rossetti) conforms extremely closely to Rossetti's image, for which he used his own mistress, Fanny Cornforth, as model:
I look at the amorous beautiful mouth,
The spacious forehead which her locks enclose,
The small white teeth, the straight and shapely nose,
And the clear brows of a sweet pencilling.
(18-21)
I look at her white easy neck, so well
From shoulders and from bosom lifted out;
And her round cleft chin, which beyond doubt
No fancy in the world could have design'd.
(35-8)
As can be gathered from these lines, the poem is specifically about the act of looking. The male poet declares himself ensnared by the woman's beauty, yet the woman can exert this power only as a result of his reciprocal observation. Aurelia (the name was presumably chosen for its classical connotations) exudes a powerful erotic appeal, emphasised in the picture by her red lips, flowing red hair and exposed shoulder and neck. Her dreamy expression and self-absorbtion render her entirely passive, the object of the artist's gaze.
Rossetti described the picture as 'chiefly a piece of colour' (quoted in Wilton, p.100), and certainly the painting displays a combination of warm colours, rich glazes and contrasting textures, clearly inspired by Venetian art. Rossetti greatly admired Titian, and much of his work of this period is said to have been influenced by Titian's Alphonse Ferrare and Laura de Dianti (Musée du Louvre, Paris). Comparisons can also be drawn with Whistler, since the subject, pose, mood and colouring of this work share much in common with Whistler's Symphony in White No.2: The Little White Girl of 1864
Îäíî èç ñåðèè èçîáðàæåíèé "ïëîòñêèõ", íàðöèññè÷åñêèõ æåíùèí,ïîëíîñòüþ ïîãëîùåííûõ ñâîåé ÷óâñòâåííîé êðàñîòîé, ìîäåëüþ äëÿ êîòîðûõ ïîñëóæèëà Ôàííè Êîðíôîðò. Ýòà ñåðèÿ íà÷àëàñü ôðîíòèñïèñîì ê èçäàíèþ Goblin Market 1862 ãîäà è äîñòèãëà âûñøåé òî÷êè â Lilith 1864-68 ãîäû.


 ýòîé êàðòèíå îòìå÷àëè ñõîäñòâî ñ ñîâðåìåííûìè ðàáîòàìè Óèñòëåðà, îñîáåííî The Little White Girl ¹2 1864ã. Íî ãëàâíîå âëèÿíèå îêàçûâàåò âåíåöèàíñêàÿ æèâîïèñü 16 âåêà, îñîáåííî Òèöèàí... Íàçâàíèå êàðòèíû ïðîèñõîäèò îò ïîýìû Fazio desti uberti, â êîòîðîé îïèñàíà êðàñîòà äàìû àâòîðà. Ïåðåâîä ïîýìû Ðîññåòòè âêëþ÷èë â ñâîþ êíèãó Ðàííèå ïîýòû Èòàëèè 1861 ãîäà. Ïîýìà íàñòîëüêî ðîññåòòèíñêàÿ, ÷òî, âîçìîæíî, îí å¸ íå ïåðåâ¸ë, à ïðîñòî ñî÷èíèë. Îïèñàííûå â ïîýìå ðîò, ñîçäàííûé äëÿ ëþáâè, áåëîñíåæíàÿ øåÿ è áîëüøèå ðóêè, ãèáêèå è îãðóãëûå ìîãóò áûòü îòíåñåíû ïðàêòè÷åñêè ê ëþáîé êàðòèíå Ðîññåòòè äàííîãî ïåðèîäà,òàêæå êàê íàì¸ê íà "ïðèìàíêó äëÿ ìóæ÷èí": I look at the crisp golden-threaded hair, Whereof, to thrall my heart, Love twists a net:
Rossetti greatly admired Titian, and much of his work of this period is said to have been influenced by Titian's Alphonse Ferrare and Laura de Dianti (Musée du Louvre, Paris). Comparisons can also be drawn with Whistler, since the subject, pose, mood and colouring of this work share much in common with Whistler's Symphony in White No.2: The Little White Girl of 1864.

Portrait of a Lady National Gallery London.

Ãàáðèýëÿ ãëóáîêî ïîòðÿñëà ñìåðòü æåíû. Âñþ ïîñëåäóþùóþ æèçíü îí ñòðàäàë îò ïðèñòóïîâ äåïðåññèè, êîøìàðîâ è óãðûçåíèé ñîâåñòè. Îáëåã÷åíèå Ðîññåòòè íàõîäèë â àëêîãîëå è íàðêîòèêàõ.  ïàìÿòü îá Ýëèçàáåò Ñèääàë îí ïèñàë êàðòèíó "Beata Beatrix", èìåííî ïèñàë c 1864 ïî 1870 âî ìíîãèõ âàðèàíòàõ, ïîñëåäíèé èç êîòîðûõ áûë çàêîí÷åí óæå ïîñëå åãî ñìåðòè.

Áëàæåííàÿ Áåàòðè÷å Beata Beatrix BEATA BEATRIX
Ðîññåòòè íà÷àë êàðòèíó ÷åðåç ãîä ïîñëå ñìåðòè Ñèääàë.
86,4*66 cm
Dante Gabriel Rossetti began "Beata Beatrix" a year after Siddal's death.
Êðóøåíèå ñåìåéíîé æèçíè îòðèöàòåëüíî ñêàçàëîñü íà òâîð÷åñòâå Ðîññåòòè, òîëüêî ñïóñòÿ ãîäû âåðíóëñÿ îí ê æàíðó æåíñêîãî ïîðòðåòà. Áåàòó Áåàòðèêñ îí ïèñàë ìíîãî ëåò, ñ 1864 ïî 1870 ãîä. Ýòî áûëî âîñïîìèíàíèå î æåíå. Îñíîâàííàÿ íà ñþæåòå ñìåðòè Áåàòðè÷å èç "Íîâîé æèçíè" Äàíòå, îíà ñòàëà îäíîé èç èçâåñòíåéøèõ ïðîèçâåäåíèé ñèìâîëèçìà.  æ¸ëòîé äûìêå Ëèççè - Áåàòðè÷å ñèäèò â ïîçå óìèðàþùåé ñ çàêðûòûìè ãëàçàìè è ïîäíÿòûì ïîäáîðîäêîì, êàæåòñÿ,îíà îñòðî ñîçíà¸ò ïðèáëèæàþùóþñÿ ñìåðòü, ïòèöà - âåñòíèê ñìåðòè âêëàäûâàåò öâåòîê ìàêà (ñèìâîë ñìåðòè) â å¸ ðóêó. Ìàê, êàê ñèìâîë, âåñüìà äâóñìûñëåíåí, åñëè âñïîìíèòü, ÷òî Ñèääàë óìåðëà (ïîêîí÷èëà ñ ñîáîé?) êàê ðàç îò ïåðåäîçèðîâêè îïèÿ. Íà çàäíåì ïëàíåò ôèãóðû Äàíòå è Ëþáâè, â öåíòå ìîñò Âåêêèî âî Ôëîðåíöèè. Êðèòèêè ïðèâåòñòâîâàëè êàðòèíó çà å¸ ýìîöèîíàëüíîå âîçäåéñòâèå, êîòîðîå ïåðåäà¸òñÿ äàæå ïðîñòî ÷åðåç êîëîðèò è êîìïîçèöèþ. Ñìûñë èñòèííîé èñòîðèè ëþáâè Ðîññåòòè è åãî æåíû åù¸ óãëóáëÿåòñÿ, Ëèççè âñ¸ åù¸ îêàçûâàëà ñèëüíîå âëèÿíèå íà åãî òâîð÷åñòâî.
Rossetti again represented Lizzie as Dante's Beatrice in one of his most famous works, Beata Beatrix, (1864-1870) which he painted as a memorial to Lizzie after her death. This piece also mimicked the death of Dante's love in his autobiographical work, Vita Nuova. In the work, amidst a yellow haze of relatively indistinct shapes, including Florence's Ponte Vecchio and the figures of Dante and Love, Lizzie sits, representing Dante's Beatrice. With an upturned chin and closed eyes, Lizzie appears keenly aware of her impending fate, death. A bird, which serves as the messenger of death, places a poppy in her hands. Critics have praised the piece for its emotional resonance, which can be felt simply through the work's moving coloring and composition. The true history of Rossetti and his beloved wife further deepens its meaning; although their love had waned at that point, Lizzie still exerted a powerful influence on the artist.
Ïîñëåäíèå äâàäöàòü ëåò æèçíè Ðîññåòòè ïðîæèë in the Queen' House, Cheyne Row ( ýòî îäíî ìåñòî?)
Ïîñëå ñìåðòè Ñèääàë Ðîññåòòè ïåðååõàë in Tudor House in Chelsea on Cheyne Walk ãäå íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ æèë âìåñòå ñ Swinburne, çäåñü ïðîäîëæèëàñü åãî ñâÿçü ñ Ôàííè Êîðíôîðò äî òîãî ìîìåíòà, êàê îí ïîëþáèë Äæåéí Ìîððèñ. Ñ ýòîãî âðåìåíè å¸ îáðàç äîìèíèðóåò â åãî ïîýòè÷åñêîé è æèâîïèñíîé ïðîäóêöèè. Ìîððèñ ñòàëà âîïëîùåíèåì "Ïðåðàôàýëèòè÷åñêîé æåíùèíû". Íà÷àë ñîáèðàòü êîëëåêöèþ áåëî-ãîëóáîãî ôàðôîðà. Ðîññåòòè íàïîëíèë äîì ãîëóáûì è áåëûì êèòàéñêèì ôàðôîðîì 16 è 17 âåêîâ, ìóçûêàëüíûìè èíñòðóìåíòàìè è ýêçîòè÷åñêèìè æèâîòíûìè, äîìàøíåå õîçÿéñòâî ïðåâðàòèëîñü â çâåðèíåö: òóò áûëè Pomeranian Puppy, wallabies (âèä ìàëåíüêîãî êåíãóðó), åíîò, ïîïóãàè, woodchucks, ïàâëèíû, ñîâû, êðîëèêè, ìîðñêèå ñâèíêè, ÿùåðèöû, ñàëàìàíäðû è äâå âîìáàòû êîòîðûå, ïðàâäà, áûñòðî óìåðëè íå âûíåñÿ êëèìàòà (ëþáèìîå æèâîòíîå Ðîññåòòè, óâåêîâå÷åííîå íà ôðåñêàõ â Îêñôîðäå) Ïåðâàÿ èç âîìáàò ïî èìåíè Òîï ÷àñòî ãîñòèëà íà åãî îáåäåííîì ñòîëå, óñòðàèâàÿñü ñïàòü ïî ñåðåäèíå. Ñ÷èòàåòñÿ, ÷òî èìåííî Òîï ñòàë ïðîòîòèïîì Ñîíè â êíèãå Êýððîëà Àëèñà â Çàçåðêàëüå. Ñðåäè æèâîòíûõ áûë è Brahmin bull, ÷üè ãëàçà íàïîìèíàëè Ðîññåòòè Äæåéí Ìîððèñ. Îí äåðæàë æèâîòíûõ è ðèñîâàë òîëüêî æåíùèí.
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| Ðóáðèêè: | ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ. ROSSETTI./ÐÎÑÑÅÒÒÈ ÆÈÇÍÜ ROSSETTI LIFE |
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