-

 -

   timemechanic

 - e-mail

 

 -

 LiveInternet.ru:
: 04.08.2009
: 3960
: 4743
: 12811

:

(0)

: ( 3 )

, 16 2009 . 13:22 +
.: :
: http://army.armor.kiev.ua/hist/orden-gospital-3.shtml
================================================================


( Order of St.John of Jerusalem )


3.

, , XVIII . , , .

1790-91 , , , .. , .

, , 19 1792 .

, 10 1793, , 1797 , , . , , .

, , - . .

13 1797 , , , , , , , , I 1797 .

13 1797 . 1797 , , . .

19 1798 , 9 . 15 10 .

10 1798 , 268 , .

; , , .

- (Charles-Abel de Loras) ( ) , (Eugene de Rohan), , , . , , , .

11 , , . . , , "" , .
, , , ( ). . de Bosredon-Ransijat, Mario Testaferrata Frisari, .


--------
, XVII , I . , .

(1741-1761) . II (1762-1796) . , .
XV . , , 1774 , , , , I 15 1797 .

7 1797 (Protector of the Order), II (Holy Roman Emperor and the King of the Two Sicilies). . , , .

. " , , ". , . .
---
 (190x243, 10Kb)
---
: 1- . , 2- , 3-
---
1799 ...

- - . ( III ), , , , , .
 (106x272, 9Kb)
---
(-) 1897.

, . , , , , .

, , .

. , 12 1798 , . , , . . . , , . .

II (Holy Roman Emperor Francis II) VI 6 1799 . . .. 10 1798 , " " , Fra ' Giulio Litta-Visconti-Arese, -, "" , , .

, , , , , , , , , , .

, , , , , .

" " .

, , VI I . , . , .

, , () 13 1801 .


I (1 1801 ) , , . .
, , , 25 1803 . 5 1806 - .
10 1810 , 2 1811 .

1 1817 . , , , , .

, .

, , 1964 . , 12 1805 . .

. 25.3.1802 , , . , , .

9 1803 (Giovanni-Battista Tommasi), (Catania), (Messina) .

" " , .

30.3.1814

, .

1806 , 1802 . , , , , , . , , . .

1805 . , . . . , . , .

15 1805 (Sacred Council) Innico-Maria Guevara-Suardo (- -), , VII Giuseppe Caracciolo ( ). 1805 , , - -, , , .. .

" " (knights of Justice), .. , , (Cross of Devotion) , . (knights of Devotion), , . , . .

, , , .

1814 - - (Andrea di Giovanni e Centelles). , . , 1814 .

, . XIX . , , . .

, 1830 , . - .

1831 (Palazzo Malta) (Aventine Hill), (Palazzo Malta on the via Condotti) (Piazza di Spagna).

1834 (Ponza), . - , (Bailiff of Honor and Devotion) .

1848 , 1850 . , , , . , .. , .
, - .
, , , , 1859 .

28 1879 (Apostolic Brief ) , 1872 - (Giovanni-Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce). XIII " Inclytum antiquitate originis " , , . , .

, XIX , , , , , .

, , - , , , , , (Sovereign Military Order). . , "" , .

1876 " " (Tantur), , 1893 130 . .

, 600 , , .

Galeazzo von Thun und Hohenstein ( ), 1905 , .

1910 , - 1912 . " " 12 . .

, , .

1931 Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere ( ) . 1933 (Missionary School of Medicine and Surgery) , (Catholic Missions) .

, , , .

, ..

, , .
---
 (210x214, 9Kb)
---
SOVEREIGN MILITARY HOSPITALLER ORDER OF SAINT JOHN OF JERUSALEM OF RHODES AND OF MALTA - .

-ORDER OF MALTA - .

10 . ( ).

. , , () . , , . , . .. .

, , .

6 (, , , , , ) 54 , .

, :
---
 (275x303, 9Kb)
---
:
1- (Justice),
2- (Obedience),
3- (Honor),
3b- (Grace) (Donat).

-
* (grand cross),
* (commander) ( 1, 2 3),
* (knight),
* (donat) .

, (Bailiff ) . - "" (Venerable).

 (326x330, 19Kb)
---
:
1- ;
2- ;
3- .
====================================================================
. !

.
LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(2)

: ( 2 )

, 16 2009 . 12:59 +
. : :
: http://army.armor.kiev.ua/hist/orden-gospital-2.shtml
=============================================================

.

(Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta)


2.

1291 .

, . 2 1312 , .

, . , , , . . .

. (Rhodes) . , , . .


--------
1307 (1309?) , , , . 1309 (1312?) .

, , .

.

, - (Convent) . - (Magistery), (Grand Magistery), - (Prior), , , ; .

, , ( ) (Lieutenant Magistery ), ..

(Adminsitration) (Bailiffs), :

1. (Grand Commander), (Treasurer), , (Accounts committee), (Master of the Artillery) .

2. (Marshal), (Grand Marshal), , .

3. (Hospitaller) (Grand Hospitaller), .

4. (Drapier), 1539 (Grand Conservator), .

5. (Admiral), (Grand Admiral), , .

6. (Turcopolier Turcopilier), (Turcopoles) , .. , .

7. (Grand Chancellor), , .

8. (Grand Bailiff) 1428 , (Castle of Saint Peter) (Gozo).

. (Langues), .. . "", .. . K (Grand Priories). (, , ). , -(Provence), (Auvergne) . - (Aragon) (Castile). . , - .

:
* (Provence) - (Grand Commander),
* (Auvergne) - (Marshal),
* - (Hospitaller),
* - (Admiral),
* (Aragon) - (Drapier) ( (Grand Conservator)),
* - (Turcopilier),
* - (Grand Bailiff) (, , ),
* (Castille)- - (Grand Chancellor).

( ), (Auberge), , (Conventual Bailiff).

XVI (Langues) (Grand Priories), (Bailiwicks) .

(Grand Priories), (Priories) (Bailiwicks) ( ) (Commanderies), , , , - - . - .

.

- , , , . (Bailifss of the Convent) .

- (Chaplains), -, , . .

- " " (Serjeants-at-Arms), " " (Serving Brothers), :
-" " (Brothers of Arms), 1364 ,
-" " (Brothers of Office), .

" " (Serving Brothers), , (religious-brothers) (knights of Justice). , , .

"" (Sisters) : -" " (Sisters of Justice)
-" " (Sisters of Grace) (Superior), ().

(Postulants) ,
" " (knights of Justice),

-,

-" " (knights of Obedience)
-" " (knight of Grace).

" " (knight of Grace) " " (knights of Justice), , .

, , .

, , .

" " (knight of Devotion) ; . .

(commandery) 1354 (Grand Prior) - , (Grand Master in Council).

, - " " ("of Grace") . , (Magistral commandery), .

, , , (Convent), .. .

, . , , .

, , , .
, , .. , (Conventual) (Capitular ), .

, , .

, , , .. . Halicarnassus , , , .

, , , - . , XVIII , - , , , , , XIV .

. . . , , , . , - " ". , , , , .

, . . .

1345 ( ) , 1365 . .

1480 , , . 1481 .

1522 . 20 1522 .

. , , , , , .

. , , , , , . 1 1523 . 200 .

XVI - . , 1524 Albrecht von Hohenzollern , , . , , , - , , . .

50 , 5 . , . 1523 (), .

- . . VII, , . , , . .

V ( I), 1523 , . .

1524 ( - ) , .


------------

 (247x165, 10Kb)
---
. (Grand Magistral Palace of Sant' Angelo).

V 24 1530 , VII 25 1530 26 . 1 ( 1798 ), , .

V . , . ( 220 ) , .

. -The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order Of Malta- , - .

XVII-XVIII , . , " ", . , . , , .

. , " " .

18 1565 - 190 . 400 6 . . . - , V. 240 5 . .

. (Lepanto) 1571 . .

. . , . . , , , . , . .

XVI , . . . . . . , .

. . 1582 XIII . , 1620 VIII , , .

1628 , . .

1631 .

"" , .

21 1634 VIII .

, 1635 .

, VIII X. 1648 .

. . , XVII , .

 (250x246, 10Kb)
---
. - (The Cathedral of Saint John, Valletta).

(1618-1648) (, , , ) (, , , , , ) , . . , .

Passarowitz 1718 , , , . .

( , , , (Spanish Military Orders of Santiago,Calatrava, Alcantara Montesa) ), , .
, - , , .

XVII-XVIII - , . , , , .

. , , . , , .

, .

. 3.
====================================================================
LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(2)

: ()(1)

, 16 2009 . 12:34 +
. : : ()
: http://army.armor.kiev.ua/hist/orden-gospital.shtml
=============================================================

()
(Alliance de Chevalerie des Hospitaliers de Saint Jean de Jerusalem )

( )
1.

 (216x372, 17Kb)

, , - .

, , - , . XIV , , - - . , .. , .

.

:
* ;
* . ;
* . ;
* . ;
* ;
* ;
* ;
* .

:
*Alliance de Chevalerie des Hospitaliers de Saint Jean de Jerusalem - C .

:
*Religious Military Order of the Roman Catholic Church- ;
*Order of Saint John - ;
*Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Malta- ;
*Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta - ;
*The Chivalric Alliance of Hospitallers of Saint John of Jerusalem - ;
*The Order of St.John of Jerusalem - . ;
*The Order of the Knights of Malta - ;
*Sovereign Military Order- .

S.M.H.O.M. - Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Malta.

Sovereign Military Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and Malta ( , ) 1936 . Hospitaller () XIX . Sovereign () 1800 , ; Military () of Malta () , .

:

* 1099. - (Rector);
* 1099 - 1489 - (Founder and Director) , - (Magistery);
*1489 -1805 - (Grand Magistery);
*1805-28.3.1879 - (Lieutenant Magistery );
*28.3.1879-.. - (Grand Magistery);

. "" " " " ". .

( ):
*1070 (1080?,1099 ?) -1120 - Gerard Beatified ( );
*1120-1160 - Raymond du Puy ( );
*?-1217-? - ;
* ? -1309-?- Fulk de Villaret ( );
*?-1441-? -de Lastic ( );
*? -1476-? -Helion Villeneuve ( )
*? - 1481 - Pierre d'Aubusson ( ');
*1481 -1534 -Philippe Villiers l'Isle ( );
*1534-? ;
*1557-1568 - Jean Parisot de la Valette ( ) ;
*1568-1572 - ;
*1572-1582 -Jean de la Cassiere ( -);
*?-1603 - ;
*?-1657 -Lascaris ();
*1657-? -Martin de Redin ( );
*?-1685-? -;
*1697-1720 - ;
?-? -Pinto de Fonseca ( );
*?-1797 - Emmanuel de Rohan ( );
*1797-1798 -Ferdinand von Hompesch ( )
*1798-1801 - (-);
*1803-1805 -Giovanni-Battista Tommasi ( );
*15.6.1805-17.6.1805 -Innico-Maria Guevara-Suardo (- -);
*17.6.1805-5.12.1805 -Giuseppe Caracciolo ( )
*5.12.1805-1814 -Innico-Maria Guevara-Suardo (- -);
*1814-1821 -Andrea di Giovanni e Centelles ( );
*1821-1834 -Antonio Busca a Milanese ( );
*1834-1846 -Carlo Candida ( );
*1846-1865 -Philip von Colloredo ( );
*1865-1872 -Alessandro Borgia ( );
*1872-1905 -Giovanni-Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce (- );
*1905-1931 -Galeazzo von Thun und Hohenstein ( );
*1907-1931 - -Pio Franchi de' Cavalieri ( ');
*1931-1951 -Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere ( );
*1951-1955 -Antonio Hercolani-Fava-Simonetti ( -- ).( );
*1955-1962 -Ernesto Paterno Castello di Carcaci ( );( );
*1962-1988 -Angelo Mojana di Cologna ( );
*1988- -Andrew Bertie ( ).

- (XIV-XV ).

 (196x158, 6Kb)
---
, " " . , XII ( , ).

, , , , , y , , , .

, , , , , .

. 1070 ( 25 ) (?) , . 1080 ..

Guy Stair Sainty , , Gerard Beatified ( ) Martigues 15 1099 (Rector) (Master) .

. "", , , . "gospital" , "". , - , , (, , , , , , ), .

. 2 . . , , , .

 (288x267, 11Kb)

.

(Church of Saint John the Baptist) (Church of the Holy Sepulcher) (Abbey of Santa Maria Latina).

- (Saint John), ( ) (Mary Magdalen) (Abbot of Santa Maria Latina).

, (Benedictine Abbot), . (Saint Benedict) (Saint Augustine).

 (225x143, 10Kb)
---
1107 I (Brotherhood) , .

, .

, , .

, , .

Postulatio Voluntatis 5 1113, II (Pope Pascal II) , .

:
" , (His Venerable Son Gerard, Founder and Director of the Hospital of Jerusalem) ....,
, , , , (Apostle Saint Peter), .. .......
, , (House of God), (Hospital), , .....,
- , , , , .......,
, ...
, , , ." .

(Brotherhood) , , - (Saint-Gilles), (Asti), (Pisa), (Bari), (Otranto), (Taranto) (Messina). , , .

1120 .

(Raymond du Puy) . ( )

, (Holy Sepulcher) c , . , 1126 1140 .

, (Jaffa) (Jerusalem) . .

(Masters) (Grand Masters) ( 1489), , (Religious Superiors) (Military Commanders of the knights).

, 1126 1140 - , .

"" (Brotherhood) "" (("Ordo" (Order)), - .

- . , , .. . , , . , - .

1137 II , , , .

- ,

, -. , , . . 1206 , . . , " "(), , . . .
"" (confratres) "" (donati), .. , .

- . 1136 (Bethgibelin), , . .

- XII , . ?

. , , . , . , . XII . , , . - , , , , , .

, , , , , .

, , . , , , , , .

 (292x100, 11Kb)
---
.

1142 1144 , . 50 . ((Krak des Chevaliers (Crac)) (Margat). , .

, , . - , .

, , ., .

(1148) (1189) . - , , , . 1177 . . 1154 .

1187 . .

. . , , , . .

1189 . 1191 - ` ().

15 1199 , .. .

- XIII . V, VI, VII . 1244 VI . .

1249 VII . - , 25 .

. . , .

1271 , 1285 . 1187 , ( `). 1291 . , .

, - . .
, .
1307 V.
, , .
====================================================================
2.

LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(4)

: , ,

, 16 2009 . 12:06 +
!

- " ".

http://army.armor.kiev.ua/index.html
http://army.armor.kiev.ua/hist/index.shtml

:

1.

2.

3. ( )

4.

5. , ,

6.

-

:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, ,
=========================


-------------------------------


()
XX . 1
XX . 2
XX . 3
1888-1914 .
1901 .


----------------------






?






- ?
-



------------------------
I


()

-
- . 1
- . 2
41- .
7- .
1- . 1.

:
( )

..
XVIII
1914-1917.
1920-1921.
1861-65
( )
()

XX .
- 1918.

12-13 1877.

( )
1
2
3


()
()


1.
2.

.
. 1.
. 2.
. 3.

. ""
. 1.
. 2.


1920-41.
1941-44.
.


-------------------------------------------------

1939
1940
() 7 1940.
5 1941.
1929.


""

-1943
41.
41-43.
43-49.

( 1941)
13 1941.
( )
(- )
( )
(- )
( )
""

1945.

131
1175
"" 1176
1113 (gp)
10. 457
- 22.06.41
- 22.06.41
- 22.06.41
- 22.06.41
- 22.06.41

1941.()
1941.()




1941-45.
- .
. . 1.
. . 2.
. . 3.
. . 4.
. 1.
. 2.
. 1
. 1
. 2

1939 (-39)


-34

( )


------------------------------
1812
.1931.

.. " "
1552
. 1939-45.
1939-45.

1907 " "

. 1720.
------------------------------------













.. ( )





----------------------------



2003.
2008.

2001-02.
c 7.2002.
/. . . 2003.


-


()
()

" "
.1914/30.
-33
-41
-42
-5
-1


-41
24
39
61
67
K3A2


()
(- )
. 1
. 2
. 3




("")

( )


1.
2.
3.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

.



LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(2)

( )

, 16 2009 . 11:50 +
army.armor.kiev.ua/index.html :
-----------------------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. , ,
6.
LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  

2
(2)

:

, 16 2009 . 09:11 +
. " , "
( ): http://litvin.org/glavy/13.htm
===============================================================

13.
++++++++++++++++++++

. .

. , , , , , . , . -, . , . , . , , .

. , , . , . , . , , . , , , .

. 1392 , ( II) . , . . . . . , . - . .

1398 . , . , , , , . , . , . . , . , , . , , . , . . , .

1400 . 1401 , . , 1404 .

XIV . 1392 (- ) . . 1402 . , . 6 1408 (. ), , . . . 24 , , . , . , .

1408 . , , , , . , , . , , . , . , .

.. , Ҹ.
----------------------------------------------------------
 (699x488, 31Kb)

. , , . , , , , .


, . , , . , , 14 1408 .

, , . - , , - , . 1410 .

, 1408 ( ?) , , , . ? 1399 . , . ? : -- ( ) , . -- , . , , . ? : ⅔, . , . , , , . , , .

, , ( II). 1408 , . , . , . , . , , . , , . , , . , , - , .

, . , , . , , .

, . , , . , . , , , , .

. 1408 , . Ÿ , . . -, . (. , 2000.) : 16 , 680 . 14250 . , 231 , 9 . 50 65. , 11550 15015, : 450 585, : 425 460. , 406, 1020 , , , , , , , .

. , . , , . , . , , , , . . , . , .

, . , . , . , , , .

300 . , , .

. , . 1409 , , , . , , , . . , , , . , , , . . .

31 1409 . , . , , , .

, , ? , , , . , , , . 1409-1411.

. . . . .

, (). , , 1408 , , .

. , . . , , .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (699x441, 18Kb)

, , 15 1410 . 60 , . -, . , .

, 16 1410 . . : , , . 24 , . 4- . 9- .

.
---------------------------------------
 (684x437, 30Kb)

, . , , , , . 12 , , . , .

, , - ? , . 1410 , - . . , , , . . , . , . , . . , . , . , (). , .

, , , .

. :



. , . , , , .


, , . , . , .

, , . , .

, , .

. . , , , ?

. , .

. . - . . , , . : 150-200, 3000 . , . , .

, 10 . :


. , 100 . , , 3000 . (, , ) , . , , . , , , .

, , .. , , . , 50 90 100 . , , . , , , . , 21 , 50- , 3 . , 16- , . , 200 , ( ), . , . . . XX , , , , .

. . , 1409-1411 . , , . , , . , . , , . , .. , . , , , , , ( ) , .
, 40 . 30 ( 35) 8 ( 10) . , , , --. (500-40000.). , , 50 48 . - , . , , 2/3 , .

. , , [6] , 33 , 21-22 , 6 5 . 12 , 11 500 . 20 , 18 ( ), 2- . , 18 . , , : 20 40 . , 98 , . 50- , , . , , , , . .

, , . , , . , , , , . , , . , .. . , . , .

- .


/, .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Gończa"/Andrzej z Brochocic
Morawska/Jan z Jićina

"Gryfów" rodu/Zygmount z Bobrowej
Ostrorog/Sędziwoja z Ostroroga

"Nadworna"/Andrzej Ciołka z żelechowa
Piotrkow/Florian z Korytnicy

"Syrokomla" herb/Zakliki z Korzkwi
Podolskiej ziemi1()/

Chełmskiej ziemi/
Podolskiej ziemi2()/

Czeska/Gniewosz z Dalewic
Podolskiej ziemi3()/

Dędno/Dobieslaw z Oleśnicy
Polskiego Królestwa marszałka/Zbigniew z Brzezia

Dobrzyńskiej ziemi/
Polskiego Królestwa podkanclerzego/Mikołaj Trąba z Wiślicz

Gniezna arcybiskupa( "")/Mikołaj Kurowski
Poznańska/Mikołaj z Czarnkowa?

Halickiej ziemi()/ ?
Poznańskiego biskupa/Wojciecha Jastrzębca

Jarosław+Tarńow/Spytko
Poznańskiego podstolia/Marcin ze Sławska

Jerzego św.(ń.)/Jan Sokol y Lamberku
Przemyskiej ziemi/

Kaliskiej ziemi/
Sądeckiego kasztelana/Krystyna z Kozichgłow

Krakowska "wielka"/Zyndram zMaszkowic
sandomierskiego wojewody/Mikolaj z Michalowa

Krakowskiego kasztelana/Krystyn z Ostrowa
Sandomierskiej ziemi/

Krakowskiego podkomorzego/Piotr Szafrańc z Pieskowej Skały
sieradzkiego wojewody/Jakub z Koniecpola

Krakowskiego wojewody/Jan z Tarnowa
Sieradzkiej ziemi/

Królewska/Władysław Jagiełło
śremu kasztelana/Jan z Obichowa

Kujawskiej ziemi/
Szamotuł/Dobrogost świdwa z Szamotuł

Łęczyckiego wojewody/Jan Ligęzy z Bobrka
Wadowice/Jan Mężyk z Dąbrowy

Łęczyckiej ziemi/
Wielkopolska/Wincent z Granowa

Lubelskiej ziemi/
Wieluńskiej ziemi/

Lwowskiej ziemi ()/
wiślickiego kasztelana/Klemens z Moskorzewa

Mazowiecka1/Siemowit IV
Wiśnicz(ă "")/Mikołaj Kmita

Mazowiecka2/Siemowit IV
wojnickiego kasztelana/Andrzej z Tęczyna

Mazowiecka3/Janusz
/Zygmunta Korybutowicza( )?

. , . , , , , . , . , , 48. , . , , .

/, .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allenstein(Olsztynek)?/Heinrich Heilsberg von Vogelsang?
Ortelsberg(Szczytno)/Albertus von Eczbor?

Althaus(Starogród)/Eberhard von Ippinburg
Osterode(Ostróda)/Gamrath von Pinzenau

Balga(.. ..)/Friedrich von Zollern?
Pomezania/Markward von Riesenburg

Bartenstein(Bartoszyce)/
Ragnit1(. ..)/Heinrich von Kamenz

Brandenburg(. ..)/Markward von Salzbach
Ragnit2(,..)/Friedrich von Zollern?

Brunsberg(Braniewo)/
Roggenhausen(Rogoźno)/Friedrich Wed

Brunswik?/
Sambia/Teodorich von Sonnenburg

Danzig(Gdańsk)/Johann von Schönfeld
Schlochau(Czluchów)/Arnold von Baden?

Dirshau(Tczew)/Matthias von Bebern
Schönsee(Kowalewo)/Nicolaus von Viltz

Elbing(Elbląng)/Heinrich Mönch
Schweidnitz/Konrad VII

Elbing(Elbląng)1/Werner von Tettingen
Stettin/Kazimierz?

Elbing(Elbląng)2/Ulrich von Stoffen
Strassburg(Brodnica)/Baldwin Stoll

Engelsberg(Pokrzywno)/Burchard Wobek
Thorn(Toruń)/Albert Rothe

Georg st./Georg Kerzdorff
Tuchel(Tuchola)/Heinrich von Schwelborn

Graudenz(Grudziądz)/Wilhelm Elfenstein
/Thomas von Mörheym

Heiligenbeil(. .)/
/Konrad von Lichtenstein

Helszberg/


Kniephow( . )/
/

Königsberg(ã.)/Hanus von Heydeck?
/Ulrich von Jungingen

Kulm(Chelmno)/Janusz Orzechowski, Konrad von Roppeln
/Ulrich von Jungingen

Kulmerland(Ziemią Chełmińską)/Johan von Sayn
1

Lesken(Laski)/Heinrich Kuszeczke
2/Johann von Schönfeld?

Meissen/
3/Kunz von der Vesta

Mewe(Gniew)/Sigismund von Ramungen?
/Friedrich von Wallenrod

Nessau(Nieszawa)/Gottfried von Hatzfeld
?/von Fischborn?

Neumarkt/Johannes von Redere


, . , ( .) . , .

. .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (700x414, 38Kb)

, . . -. 570 , 700. 250- .

, , . , , , , . . .

, , . . , 10 .

15 1410 , , ( 2- ). , , , . , : -- - . .

. .
-----------------------------
 (699x466, 32Kb)

. , . . , . . , . , , , . , . , . . , .

, , . , : , , , - , , ? , .

, , . . . , . , . . . , . , . .

. , , . , 2 .

, , . . , - . , ? , . , . . , , . , , . , . , 1514 , , , , . , , , .

, . , , , , .

: , , , , , - .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (573x372, 43Kb)

? , . " " : " , , , ". , , .

, , . , , ? , , . : , 9 .

, . . , , . , . , , , . .

. .
-----------------------------
 (699x466, 44Kb)

, , , , , , . , . , . , . , , .

. . . , , 165 150 10. . , , , . , . . , .

, , . , . , , . 2- 3,5 , , . , .

. , . , . , . , , .

. , .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (684x486, 28Kb)

. . . . , . , . , , . XVI , - , , , , . XV , , , , - , . . , . .

, . , , . , , , . . . -, , . . , , , .

, , , . . , , . , . .

.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (684x500, 27Kb)

. , , , . , .

, : , . . . , . , . . ʸ . ʸ, . . . . , . .

, . , . . , , , .

.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (699x461, 29Kb)

. , . , , . . 40 . , . , , . . : , , , , : , , , , , , , , .

.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (700x217, 13Kb)

, : , , . , . , .

, ( ). , , . . . . , , . , , , . , , . XVI . - , , , . . , .

. -, . , , , . , .

. . , , - . , , , . , , , . , . .

, . .

, . - , , . , - , . , . , , , 1412 . , !
====================================================================
!


LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(7)

:

, 15 2009 . 21:43 +
: . " , "
: http://litvin.org/glavy/12.htm
====================================================================

12.
+++++++++++++++++

, .

, . , . . , . 12- , , , , . ( ). . . . .

1210 - , . , . , , .

, , , . , , . .

. .


- .
-------------------------------------------------


 (700x517, 24Kb)
---
. , . 18 . , . . .

1230 Vogelsang ( ) , , , . , .

. 1283 .

1291 . , . . , , . . 1309 . (- ) .

, . . , , , , . . . .


-------------------

 (165x247, 8Kb)
---
, , , . , .

, (Dansker) . . , . , , . , .

.
--------------------------------------

 (699x465, 26Kb)
---
, . , , . , . . . . , .

, . . XVII , . , . - 1945 , , 50% .

, , .. 15 30 . . , , . , , . , . : , . , . , , , .

, . . . .

. , . , , , , . ( - , - ) . , , , . , , . , , . , . . , .

, . , , . , , .

, . , , , . , , . , . , .

, , . , , . .

- .

- , 1/60
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (496x198, 9Kb)
---

, . . VIP- .

. . - , . . , . , , .

. , , . - - .

1330 . , . , , . . . .

. , . , . , . . : . , . , . . 1350 , . , , . , , , - . , .


,
-----------------------------------------
 (461x681, 21Kb)
---
, , , . -, .

. , . 400 . , .. . , -, . 1572 . , , .
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

: . . , , . . . XV , 500 600 .

,
---------------------------------------------------------------
 (700x598, 35Kb)
---
, . , . , , , . , , . , . , . , , . . .

, , , , , .
====================================================================

?

.
LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(0)

" "

, 15 2009 . 21:06 +
teuton-order.ru/ " " - . , , .
---

 (700x525, 37Kb)
LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(0)

PARA-BELLUM:

, 15 2009 . 19:36 +
, , 1230-1270.
===========================================================
: http://www.vzmakh.ru/parabellum/n7_s3.shtml
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (340x246, 35Kb)
---
1237 . , , , - .

("") , XIII .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
, . , , . - . , (). , - . - , .
1237 . . ( 1237 .) , , -, : , , .

: - , XIII ., N 75, Terence Wise, G. A. Embleton "Armies of the Crusades".

-, , XIII .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
, , . XIII . " " ( , ), . .

("") , 1250-1270).
-------------------------------------------------------------
, (1190 .). XIII .
( , , - ) , - . . - ( 1250 . - ) . 1225 . , , , . - , - . , , , .
, , - . . XIII . ; , , . . .
, , XIII . , , .

: () - Muller "EUROPAISCHE HELME", XIII . (N 15); - : , , - , 1250 . ( ); - Muller "Europaische Hieb - und Stichwaffen", XIII . (N 11); - , 1248 ., . ( , , ).

, XIII .
--------------------------------------------------
3 ( - ), - 4 . : , .
( ), . : , , , . () , (), . .

: , XIII . ().

" - " , 1250.
------------------------------------------------------
- ( , ) - ( ) . : ( ), ( ) . , . .

: , 1250 . (), N 155, Terence Wise, Richard Scollins, "The Knights of Christ".


1. . . , " . 3. IX-XIII .", . "", , - 1971 .
2. . . , " IX-XIII .", . "", . 1973.
3. . . , " . 1. IX-XIII .", . "", , , 1966.
4. "i, ii i". i, i, . i i, 1993 .
5. . . , " ", - , 65, - , -II, . , ., 1959.
6. . . , 2. ", , , , . IX-XIII .", . "", .-., 1966.


, 1200-1250
. . .
===========================================

 (166x250, 20Kb)

("-"), 1250.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
, , (, ). : . , . , .
, - , - . -, , "", .
: , , , , .
: , (" "), - , - ( ); - - "", - -.

: , 1250 ().

- , 1200-1230.
----------------------------------------------------
. -, , .
" " " ", . ( ). . . - , . . - , . - .

: , , , - " " ("" , . XII - . XIII ., ); ( VII) - , , XIII ..

(" ") , 20- XIII .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XIII , , ( , ). , , c 1219 ., II , - - . , "" (. . ) .
, XII . , . , , , , . , , , , XIII .

: , , , - I (1189), (1180-90, ), II (1220, ).


1. . . , " . 3. IX-XIII .", . "", , - 1971 .
2. . . , " IX-XIII .", . "", . 1973.
3. . . , " . 1. IX-XIII .", . "", , , 1966.
4. "i, ii i". i, i, . i i, 1993 .
5. . . , " ", - , 65, - , -II, . , ., 1959.
6. . . , 2. ", , , , . IX-XIII .", . "", .-., 1966.
======================================================================
- - .

.
LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  
(0)

"- " " ()

, 15 2009 . 16:03 +
templiers.info/ " "- " " () 2001 , .
, , , - . , .
, , , , , , - . "
------------------------------------------------------------
.


 (320x411, 17Kb)
LEGO. ,,
. . .

:  

 : 21 ..
.. 5 4 [3] 2 1