-Ðóáðèêè

 -ß - ôîòîãðàô

Kyiv. Lavra Pecherskaya - Lavra Nebesnaya

Lavra Pecherskaya nebesnaya krasa.Foto Paul Lashkevich_ 05.Mar.2007_ 082.JPGLavra Pecherskaya.All Saints Bell.Foto Paul Lashkevich_14.June.2007_049.JPGLavra Pecherskaya.Lavra Nebesnaya Bell.Foto Paul Lashkevich_20.Sept.2008_DSC08039.JPG

 -Ïîäïèñêà ïî e-mail

 

 -Ïîèñê ïî äíåâíèêó

Ïîèñê ñîîáùåíèé â Paul_V_Lashkevich

 -Ñòàòèñòèêà

Ñòàòèñòèêà LiveInternet.ru: ïîêàçàíî êîëè÷åñòâî õèòîâ è ïîñåòèòåëåé
Ñîçäàí: 08.09.2009
Çàïèñåé: 15973
Êîììåíòàðèåâ: 6591
Íàïèñàíî: 25243

Âûáðàíà ðóáðèêà ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus.


Äðóãèå ðóáðèêè â ýòîì äíåâíèêå: ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ(3666), ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ(4482), ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ(2267), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ(9165), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ(7367), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß(5302), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé(5282), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ(3691), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: Áîæà ²ñòèíà ³ Ñèëà - äîáð³ ÃÓÌÎÐ ³ ÑÀÒÈÐÀ(1053), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÁÎÃÓ óãîäíî ëè?(1254), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÁÎà â õðàìå Äóøè(1729), ×åëîâåê: ÁÎà - ÂÅÐÀ - ÍÀÄÅÆÄÀ - ËÞÁÎÂÜ(1177), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÁÈÎÃÐÀÔÈß è ÏÎÐÒÐÅÒ(1937), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÓÌ ðàçóìíûé(2386), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÍÎÐÌÀ è ýêñòðåìèçì - íåëþäè(2179), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÌÀÒÜ - îòåö - áëèæíèå - ÐÎÄÈÍÀ(2977), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÄÓÕ - ÄÓØÀ - ÒÅËÎ(4289), ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÁÎà - ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß - ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß(2348), ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ ³ Íå ðîññèéñêèé ìèð(605), ÓÊÐÀ²ÍÀ - ÐÎÑ²ß - ÁªËÀÐÓÑÜ(1651), Ñëîâî ð³äíå ÑËÀÂßÍÅ(347), ÑËÎÂΠвÄÍÅ ìîâà ÐÓÑÜÊÀ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÀ(343), Ñëîâà: ØÐÈÔÒ, ïå÷àòíûå è âèðòóàëüíûå ÊÍÈÃÈ (492), ÑËÎÂÀ: ÏÈÑÜÌÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ, ÐÓÊÎÏÈÑÜ, ÊÀËËÈÃÐÀÔÈß(279), Ñëîâà: ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß È ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ(773), Ñëîâà: ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ èùèòå(2330), ÑËÎÂÀ: ÈÑÒÈÍÀ-ÇÀÁËÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ, ÏÐÀÂÄÀ-ËÎÆÜ(1201), ÑËÎÂÀ: Çâóê - Áóêâà - Öèôðà - Öâåò.(493), ÑÈÌÂÎË - ÎÁÐÀÇ - ÐÅ×Ü - ÇÍÀÊ (1343), ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ(103), Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ(664), Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ(2272), ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä(2918), Ïðîöåññ: ÔÎÐÌÀ ÎÁÙÅÍÈß Â ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒÅ?(650), Ïðîöåññ: ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß - ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒ(3293), Ïðîöåññ: ÑÎÁÛÒÈß,ÔÀÊÒÛ,ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÛ,ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß(3735), Ïðîöåññ - ÒÅËÎ - ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ - ÂÅÐÀ.(1806), Ïðîöåññ - ÄÓØÀ - ÔÓÍÊÖÈß - ÍÀÄÅÆÄÀ.(1798), Ïðîöåññ - ÄÓÕ - ÖÅËÜ - ËÞÁÎÂÜ.(1801), ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ - ÃÀÐÌÎÍÈß - ÕÀÎÑ - ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ - ÔÎÐÌÀ(3062), ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ - Âðåìåíè õîä(1849), ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ - Âåêòîð(2173), Ïðîáëåìû - Âîïðîñû - Îòâåòû(1981), ÎÏÛÒ: ÏÎÇÍÀ¨Ì âñåì åñòåñòâîì(2698), ÌÛÑËÈ: ×ÅÐÅÇ ËÞÄÅÉ.(2996), ÌÛÑËÈ: ÌÅÄÈÒÀÖÈß - ÐÀÇÑÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ - deep thinking(902), ÌÎËÈÒÂÀ(2966), ÊÐÅÑÒ - ÕÐÀÍÈÒÅËÜ ÂÑÅß ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÛß(739), ÇÂÎÍ ÊÎËÎÊÎËÎÂ(954), ÄÂÈÆÅÍÈÅ: ÇÂÓÊ - ÃÎËÎÑ - ÏÅÍÈÅ - ÌÓÇÛÊÀ - ØÓÌ(1241), ÁÎÃÎÐÎÄÈÖÀ - ÏÐÅÑÂßÒÀß - ÏÐÈÑÍÎÄÅÂÀ - ÌÀÐÈß(586), ÁÎÃ: ÐÀÇÓÌ-ÆÈÇÍÜ-ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß(2737), ÁÎÃ: â åäèíñòâå - ÁËÀÃÎÄÀÒÜ è ÇÀÊÎÍ(2292), À._ÌÎËÈÒÂÀ_×èòàþò-Ïîþò(46), À. Ïàâåë Â. Ëàøêåâè÷. ÌÓÇÛÊÀ(56), À. Ïàâåë Â. Ëàøêåâè÷. Ìîè ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿ.(757), À. Ïàâåë Â. Ëàøêåâè÷. Ìîè èíèöèàòèâû(80), À. Îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ðåêîìåíäóþ - Paul_V_Lashkevich(2100), À. Êëþ÷åâûå ÒÅÌÛ ÑÏÈÑÊÈ Ññûëîê(20), À. Êàê ÷èòàòü äíåâíèê Paul_V_Lashkevich?(54), TS - ÊÎÍÔÈÄÅÍÖÈÀËÜÍÎ - ÈÇÁÈÐÀÒÅËÜÍÎ(117), TS(179), Skype: You with Me(14), AUDIO - & - VIDEO - & - FOTO(4525), All Internet(2228), A. Ëþäñüêà äóìêà ³ ìîâà(4497)
Êîììåíòàðèè (0)

Àçàí - Õðèñòèàíàì + Êîëîêîëüíûé çâîí - Ìóñóëüìàíàì + óíèÿ = ÅÄÈÍÀß ÝÊÓÌÅÍÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÐÅËÈÃÈß

Ñðåäà, 13 Àïðåëÿ 2016 ã. 23:06 + â öèòàòíèê
liveinternet.ru/users/paul_...388665091/

http://islam-today.ru/istoria/pocemu-hazrati-umar-...zalsa-soversat-namaz-v-cerkvi/
+++

Èñòîðèÿ

Ïî÷åìó õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) îòêàçàëñÿ ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç â öåðêâè?

 
 3290
19 äåêàáðÿ 2014 10:29

Ïî÷åìó õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) îòêàçàëñÿ ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç â öåðêâè?

Ïî÷åìó õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) îòêàçàëñÿ ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç â öåðêâè?

 

Èçâåñòåí ðèâàÿò î òîì, êàê õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) â ñîïðîâîæäåíèè ïàòðèàðõà Ñàôðàíèóñà îñìàòðèâàë ñòàðèííóþ öåðêîâü â äðåâíåé ÷àñòè ãîðîäà Èåðóñàëèìà. Àêêóðàò â ýòî âðåìÿ ïðîçâó÷àë àçàí, ïðèçûâàâøèé ïðàâîâåðíûõ íà íàìàç. Ïàòðèàðõ ïðåäëîæèë ãîñòþ ÷èòàòü íàìàç â ýòîì õðàìå.

Íà ýòî õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) âîçðàçèë: «Íåò, äåëàòü ýòîãî íåëüçÿ! ß íå áóäó çäåñü ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç, ïîòîìó ÷òî ýòî íåãàòèâíî îòðàçèòñÿ íà âàñ â äàëüíåéøåì, òàê êàê ìóñóëüìàíå áóäóò íàñòàèâàòü, ÷òî èìåííî çäåñü ñîâåðøèë íàìàç õàëèô è ïîòðåáóþò îáóñòðîèòü çäåñü ìå÷åòü».

 ïðèâåäåííîì ðèâàÿòå îòðàæàåòñÿ òî, êàê Èñëàì îòíîñèòñÿ ê äðóãèì ðåëèãèÿì, ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿì èíûõ ïëåìåí è ñîöèàëüíûõ ñëîåâ.

Øàðèàò çàïðåùàåò âìåøàòåëüñòâî íå òîëüêî â äåëà ðåëèãèé, íî è âåðîâàíèé ÿçû÷íèêîâ. Îá ýòîì ãîâîðèòñÿ è â Ñâÿùåííîì Êîðàíå â 108 àÿòå ñóðû «àëü-Àíàì» («Ñêîò»):

«Íå îñêîðáëÿéòå òåõ, ê êîìó îíè âçûâàþò ïîìèìî Àëëàõà, à íå òî îíè ñòàíóò îñêîðáëÿòü Àëëàõà èç âðàæäåáíîñòè è ïî íåâåæåñòâó».

Ïîòîìó ÷òî ïðèíèæåíèå âåðû ÷åëîâåêà âîñïðèíèìàåòñÿ êàê îñêîðáëåíèåì åãî äóõîâíûõ öåííîñòåé, âûçûâàåò ãíåâ è âðàæäåáíîñòü, ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïðè÷èíîé ê ðàçðûâó äðóæåñêèõ îòíîøåíèé è óòåðå äîâåðèÿ, íàêîíåö, âåäåò ê òîìó, ÷òî âñïûõèâàåò îòêðûòîå ïðîòèâîñòîÿíèå ñî âñåìè âûòåêàþùèìè òÿæêèìè ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè. Èç èñòîðèè íàì èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ìîíãîëû íå êàñàëèñü âåðû íàðîäîâ íà çàâîåâàííûõ çåìëÿõ. È ïîòîìó ýòè íàðîäû íå îòíîñèëèñü ê ñâîèì ïîêîðèòåëÿì ñòîëü âðàæäåáíî. ×åãî íåëüçÿ ñêàçàòü î êîììóíèñòè÷åñêèõ âîæäÿõ è òîé èäåîëîãèè, êîòîðóþ îíè èñïîâåäîâàëè. Ãîíåíèÿ íà ðåëèãèþ Èñëàì, ìóñóëüìàíñêèõ äóõîâíûõ ëèäåðîâ, óíè÷òîæåíèå ìå÷åòåé, âîèíñòâóþùèé àòåèçì âûçûâàëè íåäîáðûå ÷óâñòâà, íåñìîòðÿ íà öåëûé ðÿä ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ìîìåíòîâ èìåâøèõ ìåñòî â îáùåñòâåííîì óñòðîéñòâå òîãî ïåðèîäà.

Äî ñèõ ïîð â íàðîäíîé ïàìÿòè ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ áîëü óòðàò òîãî ïåðèîäà íàøåé íåäàâíåé èñòîðèè. Âåäü âñå ìû ðàáû åäèíîãî Àëëàõà, ïðîèçîøëè îò íàøåãî åäèíîãî ïðàîòöà Àäàìà è ïðàìàòåðè Õàâà. Ðàçëè÷èÿ â ÿçûêàõ è â âåðå ýòî åùå íå ïðè÷èíà ê âðàæäå è íåíàâèñòè îá ýòîì ñêàçàíî â 8-9 àÿòàõ ñóðû «àëü-Ìóìòàõàíà» («Èñïûòóåìàÿ») «Àëëàõ íå çàïðåùàåò âàì áûòü äîáðûìè è ñïðàâåäëèâûìè ñ òåìè, êîòîðûå íå ñðàæàëèñü ñ âàìè èç-çà ðåëèãèè è íå èçãîíÿëè âàñ èç âàøèõ æèëèù. Âîèñòèíó, Àëëàõ ëþáèò áåñïðèñòðàñòíûõ. Àëëàõ çàïðåùàåò âàì äðóæèòü òîëüêî ñ òåìè, êîòîðûå ñðàæàëèñü ñ âàìè èç-çà ðåëèãèè, âûãîíÿëè âàñ èç âàøèõ æèëèù è ñïîñîáñòâîâàëè âàøåìó èçãíàíèþ».

Ãàáäóëõàê õàçðàò Ñàìàòîâ. «Øàðèàò: âà’àçû, õóêìû, ôåòâû, îòâåòû íà âîïðîñû è ðåêîìåíäàöèè»

Ïîíðàâèëàñü ñòàòüÿ? Ïîæàëóéñòà, ñäåëàéòå ðåïîñò!

 

 +++
Èñòîðèÿ

Ïî÷åìó õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) îòêàçàëñÿ ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç â öåðêâè? 3290
19 äåêàáðÿ 2014 10:29
Ïî÷åìó õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) îòêàçàëñÿ ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç â öåðêâè?

Ïî÷åìó õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) îòêàçàëñÿ ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç â öåðêâè?

Èçâåñòåí ðèâàÿò î òîì, êàê õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) â ñîïðîâîæäåíèè ïàòðèàðõà Ñàôðàíèóñà îñìàòðèâàë ñòàðèííóþ öåðêîâü â äðåâíåé ÷àñòè ãîðîäà Èåðóñàëèìà. Àêêóðàò â ýòî âðåìÿ ïðîçâó÷àë àçàí, ïðèçûâàâøèé ïðàâîâåðíûõ íà íàìàç. Ïàòðèàðõ ïðåäëîæèë ãîñòþ ÷èòàòü íàìàç â ýòîì õðàìå.

Íà ýòî õàçðàòè Óìàð (ð.à.) âîçðàçèë: «Íåò, äåëàòü ýòîãî íåëüçÿ! ß íå áóäó çäåñü ñîâåðøàòü íàìàç, ïîòîìó ÷òî ýòî íåãàòèâíî îòðàçèòñÿ íà âàñ â äàëüíåéøåì, òàê êàê ìóñóëüìàíå áóäóò íàñòàèâàòü, ÷òî èìåííî çäåñü ñîâåðøèë íàìàç õàëèô è ïîòðåáóþò îáóñòðîèòü çäåñü ìå÷åòü».

 ïðèâåäåííîì ðèâàÿòå îòðàæàåòñÿ òî, êàê Èñëàì îòíîñèòñÿ ê äðóãèì ðåëèãèÿì, ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿì èíûõ ïëåìåí è ñîöèàëüíûõ ñëîåâ.

Øàðèàò çàïðåùàåò âìåøàòåëüñòâî íå òîëüêî â äåëà ðåëèãèé, íî è âåðîâàíèé ÿçû÷íèêîâ. Îá ýòîì ãîâîðèòñÿ è â Ñâÿùåííîì Êîðàíå â 108 àÿòå ñóðû «àëü-Àíàì» («Ñêîò»):

«Íå îñêîðáëÿéòå òåõ, ê êîìó îíè âçûâàþò ïîìèìî Àëëàõà, à íå òî îíè ñòàíóò îñêîðáëÿòü Àëëàõà èç âðàæäåáíîñòè è ïî íåâåæåñòâó».
Ïîòîìó ÷òî ïðèíèæåíèå âåðû ÷åëîâåêà âîñïðèíèìàåòñÿ êàê îñêîðáëåíèåì åãî äóõîâíûõ öåííîñòåé, âûçûâàåò ãíåâ è âðàæäåáíîñòü, ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïðè÷èíîé ê ðàçðûâó äðóæåñêèõ îòíîøåíèé è óòåðå äîâåðèÿ, íàêîíåö, âåäåò ê òîìó, ÷òî âñïûõèâàåò îòêðûòîå ïðîòèâîñòîÿíèå ñî âñåìè âûòåêàþùèìè òÿæêèìè ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè. Èç èñòîðèè íàì èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ìîíãîëû íå êàñàëèñü âåðû íàðîäîâ íà çàâîåâàííûõ çåìëÿõ. È ïîòîìó ýòè íàðîäû íå îòíîñèëèñü ê ñâîèì ïîêîðèòåëÿì ñòîëü âðàæäåáíî. ×åãî íåëüçÿ ñêàçàòü î êîììóíèñòè÷åñêèõ âîæäÿõ è òîé èäåîëîãèè, êîòîðóþ îíè èñïîâåäîâàëè. Ãîíåíèÿ íà ðåëèãèþ Èñëàì, ìóñóëüìàíñêèõ äóõîâíûõ ëèäåðîâ, óíè÷òîæåíèå ìå÷åòåé, âîèíñòâóþùèé àòåèçì âûçûâàëè íåäîáðûå ÷óâñòâà, íåñìîòðÿ íà öåëûé ðÿä ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ìîìåíòîâ èìåâøèõ ìåñòî â îáùåñòâåííîì óñòðîéñòâå òîãî ïåðèîäà.

Äî ñèõ ïîð â íàðîäíîé ïàìÿòè ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ áîëü óòðàò òîãî ïåðèîäà íàøåé íåäàâíåé èñòîðèè. Âåäü âñå ìû ðàáû åäèíîãî Àëëàõà, ïðîèçîøëè îò íàøåãî åäèíîãî ïðàîòöà Àäàìà è ïðàìàòåðè Õàâà. Ðàçëè÷èÿ â ÿçûêàõ è â âåðå ýòî åùå íå ïðè÷èíà ê âðàæäå è íåíàâèñòè îá ýòîì ñêàçàíî â 8-9 àÿòàõ ñóðû «àëü-Ìóìòàõàíà» («Èñïûòóåìàÿ») «Àëëàõ íå çàïðåùàåò âàì áûòü äîáðûìè è ñïðàâåäëèâûìè ñ òåìè, êîòîðûå íå ñðàæàëèñü ñ âàìè èç-çà ðåëèãèè è íå èçãîíÿëè âàñ èç âàøèõ æèëèù. Âîèñòèíó, Àëëàõ ëþáèò áåñïðèñòðàñòíûõ. Àëëàõ çàïðåùàåò âàì äðóæèòü òîëüêî ñ òåìè, êîòîðûå ñðàæàëèñü ñ âàìè èç-çà ðåëèãèè, âûãîíÿëè âàñ èç âàøèõ æèëèù è ñïîñîáñòâîâàëè âàøåìó èçãíàíèþ».

Ãàáäóëõàê õàçðàò Ñàìàòîâ. «Øàðèàò: âà’àçû, õóêìû, ôåòâû, îòâåòû íà âîïðîñû è ðåêîìåíäàöèè»

Ïîíðàâèëàñü ñòàòüÿ? Ïîæàëóéñòà, ñäåëàéòå ðåïîñò!

Ìåòêè: Èñòîðèÿ, Èñëàì, öåðêîâü, Óìàð (ð.à.), èñëàìñêàÿ âåðà
Ñìîòðèòå òàêæå:
×òî çíà÷èò ñëîâî "èñëàì"?
"Òàì 7 êàçûåâ. Èç íèõ 2 — ìóñóëüìàíå, äâîå — èóäåè, äâîå õðèñòèàí è îäèí ñëàâÿíèí..."
5 èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ñîáûòèé, ïðîèçîøåäøèõ â ìåñÿöå Ðàäæàá
Êòî ïîïðàâèò «ýêñïåðòà»?

+++

Ðóáðèêè:  ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (0)

Àçàí - Õðèñòèàíàì + Êîëîêîëüíûé çâîí - Ìóñóëüìàíàì + óíèÿ = ÅÄÈÍÀß ÝÊÓÌÅÍÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÐÅËÈÃÈß

Ñðåäà, 13 Àïðåëÿ 2016 ã. 14:05 + â öèòàòíèê
liveinternet.ru/users/paul_...388665091/

3418201_002__Cross_950605642_dynamic_8_Kb___1_ (73x110, 7Kb)3418201_002__040__Cross_bell___Dynamic__kopiya_040_ (64x64, 68Kb)3418201_002__Cross_GoldenCross_cb938ec29c932d10ca097d452e7d9ca8_Dynamic_11_Kb_ (100x130, 11Kb)

Àçàí - Õðèñòèàíàì

+

Êîëîêîëüíûé çâîí - Ìóñóëüìàíàì

+

óíèÿ 

 

= ÅÄÈÍÀß ÝÊÓÌÅÍÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÐÅËÈÃÈß

A Muslim Calling For Prayer In A CHURCH In Rome.flv
ndabdofari
ndabdofari ( https://youtu.be/Buv19nbwr2Q )
êîììåíòàðèè âèäåî - â êîììåíòàðèÿõ ïîñëå ïóáëèêàöèè

+++

+++
Christian Benteke
Christian Benteke3 ìåñÿöà íàçàä
This Christian church was proclaiming a curse upon themselves. It was a silly act to allow Islamic prayers in God's House! If you are invoking other false gods instead of Yahweh, you're basically invoking demons. This church was invoking demons and their curses along with it. It will fall in no time!
Îòâåòèòü1
Dominick Bionat
Dominick Bionat1 ìåñÿö íàçàä
if it will be in vice versa. if he is a christian and he's in the mosque. he will get his ass beheaded.
Îòâåòèòü
Abu Musa Al Muqadasi
Abu Musa Al Muqadasi5 ìåñÿöåâ íàçàä
Allahu Akbar
Îòâåòèòü1
Ronald Delos Santos
Ronald Delos SantosÃîä íàçàä
This is a Catholic Church, and a Muslim call a prayer to Allah -> Can we do it also in their Mosque???
Îòâåòèòü5
Ned Shannan
Ned ShannanÃîä íàçàä
Yes you can, these are all the houses of God the Almighty
Îòâåòèòü1
Ronald Delos Santos
Ronald Delos SantosÃîä íàçàä (èçìåíåíî)
Sir I don't mean to offend you ok?
But I think you need to do a research in Islamic Country (what are they doing to Christians) before you answer.
Îòâåòèòü1
Ned Shannan
Ned ShannanÃîä íàçàä
+Ronald Delos Santos Ron, no offense taken, I live and work in the heart of Islam, in Saudi Arabia, I travel extensively to Bahrain,Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Egypt & Syria before the civil war, I have prayed at a Church in every country other than Saudi, I have seen Mosques next to Churches in Aleppo & Cairo, I have visited Mosques in Turkey and Cairo, walked inside, sat with people and talked about Christ.
I was amazed with what the Holy Qur'an says about Christ and Mary, as a matter of fact, a whole chapter is written about Mary in the most beautiful way, same about the Tribe of Omran, Mary's Tribe.
I strongly suggest that you read both chapters so you can make a better judgement after that.
Ñâåðíóòü
Îòâåòèòü
Ronald Delos Santos
Ronald Delos SantosÃîä íàçàä
(For my safety) I can't tell you where am I right now, I am here as a contract worker, since 2006 to this very day/hour., Please believe me, for I am speaking by experience, that it is dangerous here to speak the word Bible or Lord Jesus:or sing praises and even our home Bible study here is done underground, because when we got caught, we will be in big trouble. (our faith is always on the line every meetings)

I believe that you are trying to be diplomatic between the 2 religion (same view as in "Chrislam" religion, and that is a kind act of yours. So in the name of love, I won't go far in your belief.

If you have a facebook account, please add me in your friend lists. Thank you Ned
Ñâåðíóòü
Îòâåòèòü
Ned Shannan
Ned ShannanÃîä íàçàä (èçìåíåíî)
+gar fald I see one idiot here Gar, and that is you.
I suggest that you trap a copy of the Quoran and read what Muslim says about Jesus Christ, just educate yourself you moron.
People like you are ignorants at best, I have never read in a book about Christ as I have read in the Muslim Quoran, get a life, go and read.
Ñâåðíóòü
Îòâåòèòü
hunnanelnahwi
hunnanelnahwiÃîä íàçàä
why it bothers you , you should be happy
Îòâåòèòü
malonelibero
maloneliberoÃîä íàçàä
+Ned Shannan well i've been in muslim country too and if your not muslim you can't go inside a mosque.Go and sell your bullshit some where else
Îòâåòèòü1
hunnanelnahwi
hunnanelnahwiÃîä íàçàä
if you are a bull shit any way why would any one allow you to go in the mosque, its dangerous some one might brake their delicate bones slipping on your shit no one would like to get hurt....okay .
Îòâåòèòü
Ñêðûòü îòâåòû
Jamalito22
Jamalito2211 ìåñÿöåâ íàçàä
I have to admit, every time I visited a church it felt cold inside but hearing this young boy in that type of space has definitely wormed it up.
The Roman sculpture behind him must be saying "bellismo"
Îòâåòèòü
anas mozeb
anas mozebÃîä íàçàä
Subanallah

Îòâåòèòü3
Expressivenification
Expressivenification2 ãîäà íàçàä
Some of you guys call yourself Christians? Your Christian by name and not etiquette. The people of the book are peaceful and respectable who have lived peacefully with Muslims in Israel since it's invasion. The problem is not with Muslims it's with venom like yourselves. Live at let live.
Îòâåòèòü2
thebrickster254
thebrickster254Ãîä íàçàä
what church is it?
Îòâåòèòü
kakarot cabage
kakarot cabage2 ãîäà íàçàä
what a piece of shit,why didint somebody kick him in the face?

Yuki Onna
Yuki Onna2 ãîäà íàçàä
so coool i love islam

mustno3
mustno32 ãîäà íàçàä
One of the elementary rules, enunciated in the Prophet's last sermon, is that non muslims are no longer allowed in the land of Hijaz, including Meccah and Medina. But you are suggesting that it is ok to let a non muslim inside the Kaabah .. which allows me to assert that .. you don't know islam.
So thanks God the keys for the Kaaba's gate are not in your hands.
Ñâåðíóòü

mustno3
mustno32 ãîäà íàçàä
what you have missed is that I am a muslim .. and just as I will not accept Church bells in a mosque .. Christians should also not accept athan in their churches .. minimum rule for mutual respect

mustno3
mustno32 ãîäà íàçàä
Now what does this comment have with your previous one??
What part of "discussion" is an athan in the middle of a Church? or Church bells in Mecca? Since when in order to have am inter-faith "discussion" a Christian needs to hear the athan in his Church?

Com'on bro, let us be rational here. Tolerance and discussion are one thing, and conceding your place of worship just for the sake of having a discussion .. is another thing.
Ñâåðíóòü

Solar Wind
Solar Wind2 ãîäà íàçàä
Question:
Are Muslims permitted to lie?



Answer:
Muslim scholars teach that Muslims should generally be truthful to each other, unless the purpose of lying is to "smooth over differences."

There are two forms of lying to non-believers that are permitted under certain circumstances, taqiyya and kitman. These circumstances are typically those that advance the cause Islam - in some cases by gaining the trust of non-believers in order to draw out their vulnerability and defeat them.


Ñâåðíóòü

Solar Wind
Solar Wind2 ãîäà íàçàä
The context of violent passages is more ambiguous than might be expected of a perfect book from a loving God, however this can work both ways. Most of today's Muslims exercise a personal choice to interpret their holy book's call to arms according to their own moral preconceptions about justifiable violence. Apologists cater to their preferences with tenuous arguments that gloss over historical fact and generally do not stand up to scrutiny.
Ñâåðíóòü

Solar Wind
Solar Wind2 ãîäà íàçàä
Unlike nearly all of the Old Testament verses of violence, the verses of violence in the Quran are mostly open-ended, meaning that they are not restrained by the historical context of the surrounding text. They are part of the eternal, unchanging word of Allah, and just as relevant or subjective as anything else in the Quran.

Solar Wind
Solar Wind2 ãîäà íàçàä
The Quran contains at least 109 verses that call Muslims to war with nonbelievers for the sake of Islamic rule. Some are quite graphic, with commands to chop off heads and fingers and kill infidels wherever they may be hiding. Muslims who do not join the fight are called 'hypocrites' and warned that Allah will send them to Hell if they do not join the slaughter.


Ñâåðíóòü

Solar Wind
Solar Wind2 ãîäà íàçàä
Islam is of the devil..nuff said. Your religion has spent 1400 years persecuting all others. Thousands of battles have been fought all over Europe, Asia and Africa (us defending against you). A few times we went on the offensive to try to reclaim land.


mustno3
mustno32 ãîäà íàçàä
What?!!! are you serious??
Your rant about the Saudi regime is politics .. and I, just like you, am not big fan of the Saudi regime. But my comment is about islam, not politics. And in islam mosques are for islam alone, and churches should also be for christianity alone. Otherwise why two religions .. let's make them one .. e.g. chrislam (google it).
There is a big difference between tolerance towards other monotheistic religions .. and mixing them!
Ñâåðíóòü

mustno3
mustno32 ãîäà íàçàä
Then please .. if you are a muslim .. go ahead and tolerate church bells in Mecca.

Solar Wind
Solar Wind3 ãîäà íàçàä
Its like inviting the devil in.

123Godfreak
123Godfreak4 ãîäà íàçàä
this is why the pope is coco for cocopuffs

Reset Earth
Reset Earth4 ãîäà íàçàä
Beautifull!!!

mustno3
mustno34 ãîäà íàçàä

O.o

what the .....

how come
do those guys have mental problems or something
Ñâåðíóòü

jubzfree
jubzfree4 ãîäà íàçàä
Beautiful. But why is this happening in church in front christians

RuntLaLaLa
RuntLaLaLa4 ãîäà íàçàä
Masha Allah!!.

MyUserInUtube
MyUserInUtube4 ãîäà íàçàä
Amazing az'an
+++

Ðóáðèêè:  Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (1)

1 àïðåëÿ 33 ãîäà í.ý. Âîñêðåñ èç Ìåðòâûõ Ãîñïîäü Íàø Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ - ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ☦ ÌÎÍÀÐÕÈß

Ñóááîòà, 02 Àïðåëÿ 2016 ã. 00:13 + â öèòàòíèê
Ýòî öèòàòà ñîîáùåíèÿ Paul_V_Lashkevich [Ïðî÷èòàòü öåëèêîì +  ñâîé öèòàòíèê èëè ñîîáùåñòâî!]

1 àïðåëÿ 33 ãîäà í.ý. Âîñêðåñ èç Ìåðòâûõ Ãîñïîäü Íàø Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ - ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ☦ ÌÎÍÀÐÕÈß

http://vk.com/wall-46439574_26534

++++++

1459631235_002_Cross_950605642_dynamic_8_Kb_ (73x110, 7Kb) 

1 àïðåëÿ 33 ãîäà í.ý.

Âîñêðåñ èç Ìåðòâûõ Ãîñïîäü Íàø Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ - ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ☦ ÌÎÍÀÐÕÈß

+++

vk.com/wall-46439574_26534

ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ ÂÑÅÌ! 1 àïðåëÿ 33 ãîäà í.ý. Âîñêðåñ èç Ìåðòâûõ Ãîñïîäü
 
Íàø Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ, íî æèäû ñäåëàëè ýòîò äåíü êàê "äåíü ñìåõà" èëè
 
"äåíü äóðàêà", áóäüòå âíèìàòåëüíû, íå óïîäîáëÿéòåñü æèäàì!
 
Ðàññêàæèòå ñâîèì ðîäíûì è çíàêîìûì êòî íå çíàåò îá ýòîì äî ñèõ
ïîð.

 33 ãîäó îò Ð.Õ. Õðèñòèàíñêàÿ Ïàñõà áûëà 1 àïðåëÿ. Åñòü âåùè, ñ
 
êîòîðûìè íå øóòÿò. Ñ÷èòàòü 1 àïðåëÿ äí¸ì îáìàíà äëÿ
 
ïðàâîñëàâíîãî ÷åëîâåêà ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîùóíñòâåííûì îáû÷àåì.

 «Ïîëíîì Öåðêîâíî-ñëàâÿíñêîì ñëîâàðå» ïðîò. Ã. Äüÿ÷åíêî (1900)
 
ñêàçàíî: «Àïðèë¿é + àïðåëü, ïî ñòàðèííîìó öâåòåíü èëè êâåòåíü,
 
÷åòâ¸ðòûé ìåñÿö ïî íûíåøíåìó ñ÷¸òó. Âî ìíîãèõ ãîñóäàðñòâàõ
 
åñòü ðîä íåëåïîé øóòêè, ñîñòîÿùåé â òîì, ÷òî 1-ãî ÷èñëà ýòîãî
 
ìåñÿöà îáìàíûâàþò äðóã äðóãà, ÷òî áûâàåò íå òîëüêî íà ñëîâàõ, íî
 
è íà äåëå… Ýòîò îáû÷àé ñâî¸ íà÷àëî ïîëó÷èë îò åâðååâ, êîòîðûå,
 
íå âåðÿ, ÷òî Õðèñòîñ âîñêðåñ, íàó÷èëè âîèíîâ, ñòåðåãøèõ ãðîá Åãî
 
ëãàòü, ïîäêóïèâøè èõ, ÷òî áóäòî òåëî Ñïàñèòåëÿ óêðàäåíî èç
 
ãðîáà. Ïîòîìêè åâðååâ, æèâÿ ìåæäó õðèñòèàíàìè, õîòÿ è íå ñìåþò
 
ÿâíî îòâåðãàòü ýòîé èñòèíû (âîñêðåñåíèÿ Õðèñòîâà), íî, ìåæäó
 
ïðî÷èì, 1-ãî àïðåëÿ, â êîòîðîå Õðèñòîñ âîñêðåñ (èáî ðàñïÿò áûë 30-
 
ãî ìàðòà) íàðî÷íî äðóã äðóãà îáìàíûâàþò è, ñîøåäøèñü, îäèí
 
ãîâîðèò: “Èèñóñ âîñêðåñ”, à äðóãîé, ñìåÿñü, îòâå÷àåò: “ïåðâîå
 
àïðåëÿ”, ò.å. “íåïðàâäà”».

Îá ýòîì ãîâîðÿò è äðóãèå àâòîðû: Óñïåíñêèé â êíèãå «Îïûò
 
ïîâåñòâîâàíèÿ â äðåâíèõ ðóññêèõ» 1818 ã., Ì. Ëàëîø â êíèãå
 
«Âðåìÿèñ÷èñëåíèå õðèñòèàíñêîãî è ÿçû÷åñêîãî ìèðà» 1867 ã., À.Í.
 
Çåëèíñêèé â êíèãå «Êîíñòðóêòèâíûå ïðèíöèïû äðåâíåðóññêîãî
 
êàëåíäàðÿ» 1996 ã.
 
È ñîãëàñíî òàêîìó âïîëíå òðàäèöèîííîìó öåðêîâíîìó èñòî÷íèêó, êàê

«Ñëåäîâàííàÿ Ïñàëòûðü», ýòà äàòà, êàê Äåíü ðàñïÿòèÿ,

ïîñëåäîâàâøåãî íà 33-ì ãîäó æèçíè Èèñóñà Õðèñòà, ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà

ïÿòíèöó, 30 ìàðòà 5533 ã. îò ñîòâîðåíèÿ ìèðà. Ëþáîïûòíî

îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â ýòîì ñëó÷àå Õðèñòîâî âîñêðåñåíèå ïàäàåò íà

ïåðâîå àïðåëÿ. À ïîñêîëüêó èç åâàíãåëüñêèõ èñòî÷íèêîâ èçâåñòíî,

÷òî â ýòîò äåíü Èóäåéñêèå ñòàðåéøèíû íàó÷èëè âîèíîâ, ñòîÿâøèõ ó

ìåñòà ïîãðåáåíèÿ Õðèñòà, ñîëãàòü íàðîäó, ÷òî ó÷åíèêè óêðàëè Åãî

òåëî èç ãðîáà (Ìô. 28, 12-13), òî íàïðàøèâàåòñÿ åñòåñòâåííîå

ïðåäïîëîæåíèå: íå îòñþäà ëè ïîøëà òðàäèöèÿ ñ÷èòàòü 1 àïðåëÿ

äí¸ì îáìàíà?

Ñàìîäîâîëüíàÿ è íàâÿç÷èâàÿ,
êàê áðîäÿ÷èé ñåêòàíò, çàïàäíàÿ ìîäà
 
íàñòîé÷èâî ïðåäëàãàåò ýòîò äåíü â êà÷åñòâå ïðàçäíèêà. Òàì, íà
 
Çàïàäå, îí íàçûâàåòñÿ «äåíü äóðàêîâ», ó íàñ – «äåíü ñìåõà». Ìèð
 
òåñåí, âîò óæå è ó íàñ íàøëèñü ïîñëåäîâàòåëè èóäåéñêèõ
 
ñòàðåéøèí.
 
 
Äîáàâëåíà 31 ìàðòà 2016

|

Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ19
 
ϸðò Êóçíåöîâ
Îãî. Íå îæèäàë.
Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ
 

+++

 

Ðóáðèêè:  ÁÎÃ: ÐÀÇÓÌ-ÆÈÇÍÜ-ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß
ÌÎËÈÒÂÀ
ÁÎÃ: â åäèíñòâå - ÁËÀÃÎÄÀÒÜ è ÇÀÊÎÍ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
Ïðîöåññ: ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß - ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒ
Ïðîöåññ: ÑÎÁÛÒÈß,ÔÀÊÒÛ,ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÛ,ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß
ÊÐÅÑÒ - ÕÐÀÍÈÒÅËÜ ÂÑÅß ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÛß
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (0)

1 àïðåëÿ 33 ãîäà í.ý. Âîñêðåñ èç Ìåðòâûõ Ãîñïîäü Íàø Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ - ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ☦ ÌÎÍÀÐÕÈß

Ñóááîòà, 02 Àïðåëÿ 2016 ã. 00:09 + â öèòàòíèê
vk.com/wall-46439574_26534

++++++

1459631235_002_Cross_950605642_dynamic_8_Kb_ (73x110, 7Kb) 

1 àïðåëÿ 33 ãîäà í.ý.

Âîñêðåñ èç Ìåðòâûõ Ãîñïîäü Íàø Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ - ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ☦ ÌÎÍÀÐÕÈß

+++

vk.com/wall-46439574_26534

ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ ÂÑÅÌ! 1 àïðåëÿ 33 ãîäà í.ý. Âîñêðåñ èç Ìåðòâûõ Ãîñïîäü
 
Íàø Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ, íî æèäû ñäåëàëè ýòîò äåíü êàê "äåíü ñìåõà" èëè
 
"äåíü äóðàêà", áóäüòå âíèìàòåëüíû, íå óïîäîáëÿéòåñü æèäàì!
 
Ðàññêàæèòå ñâîèì ðîäíûì è çíàêîìûì êòî íå çíàåò îá ýòîì äî ñèõ
ïîð.

 33 ãîäó îò Ð.Õ. Õðèñòèàíñêàÿ Ïàñõà áûëà 1 àïðåëÿ. Åñòü âåùè, ñ
 
êîòîðûìè íå øóòÿò. Ñ÷èòàòü 1 àïðåëÿ äí¸ì îáìàíà äëÿ
 
ïðàâîñëàâíîãî ÷åëîâåêà ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîùóíñòâåííûì îáû÷àåì.

 «Ïîëíîì Öåðêîâíî-ñëàâÿíñêîì ñëîâàðå» ïðîò. Ã. Äüÿ÷åíêî (1900)
 
ñêàçàíî: «Àïðèë¿é + àïðåëü, ïî ñòàðèííîìó öâåòåíü èëè êâåòåíü,
 
÷åòâ¸ðòûé ìåñÿö ïî íûíåøíåìó ñ÷¸òó. Âî ìíîãèõ ãîñóäàðñòâàõ
 
åñòü ðîä íåëåïîé øóòêè, ñîñòîÿùåé â òîì, ÷òî 1-ãî ÷èñëà ýòîãî
 
ìåñÿöà îáìàíûâàþò äðóã äðóãà, ÷òî áûâàåò íå òîëüêî íà ñëîâàõ, íî
 
è íà äåëå… Ýòîò îáû÷àé ñâî¸ íà÷àëî ïîëó÷èë îò åâðååâ, êîòîðûå,
 
íå âåðÿ, ÷òî Õðèñòîñ âîñêðåñ, íàó÷èëè âîèíîâ, ñòåðåãøèõ ãðîá Åãî
 
ëãàòü, ïîäêóïèâøè èõ, ÷òî áóäòî òåëî Ñïàñèòåëÿ óêðàäåíî èç
 
ãðîáà. Ïîòîìêè åâðååâ, æèâÿ ìåæäó õðèñòèàíàìè, õîòÿ è íå ñìåþò
 
ÿâíî îòâåðãàòü ýòîé èñòèíû (âîñêðåñåíèÿ Õðèñòîâà), íî, ìåæäó
 
ïðî÷èì, 1-ãî àïðåëÿ, â êîòîðîå Õðèñòîñ âîñêðåñ (èáî ðàñïÿò áûë 30-
 
ãî ìàðòà) íàðî÷íî äðóã äðóãà îáìàíûâàþò è, ñîøåäøèñü, îäèí
 
ãîâîðèò: “Èèñóñ âîñêðåñ”, à äðóãîé, ñìåÿñü, îòâå÷àåò: “ïåðâîå
 
àïðåëÿ”, ò.å. “íåïðàâäà”».

Îá ýòîì ãîâîðÿò è äðóãèå àâòîðû: Óñïåíñêèé â êíèãå «Îïûò
 
ïîâåñòâîâàíèÿ â äðåâíèõ ðóññêèõ» 1818 ã., Ì. Ëàëîø â êíèãå
 
«Âðåìÿèñ÷èñëåíèå õðèñòèàíñêîãî è ÿçû÷åñêîãî ìèðà» 1867 ã., À.Í.
 
Çåëèíñêèé â êíèãå «Êîíñòðóêòèâíûå ïðèíöèïû äðåâíåðóññêîãî
 
êàëåíäàðÿ» 1996 ã.
 
È ñîãëàñíî òàêîìó âïîëíå òðàäèöèîííîìó öåðêîâíîìó èñòî÷íèêó, êàê

«Ñëåäîâàííàÿ Ïñàëòûðü», ýòà äàòà, êàê Äåíü ðàñïÿòèÿ,

ïîñëåäîâàâøåãî íà 33-ì ãîäó æèçíè Èèñóñà Õðèñòà, ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà

ïÿòíèöó, 30 ìàðòà 5533 ã. îò ñîòâîðåíèÿ ìèðà. Ëþáîïûòíî

îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â ýòîì ñëó÷àå Õðèñòîâî âîñêðåñåíèå ïàäàåò íà

ïåðâîå àïðåëÿ. À ïîñêîëüêó èç åâàíãåëüñêèõ èñòî÷íèêîâ èçâåñòíî,

÷òî â ýòîò äåíü Èóäåéñêèå ñòàðåéøèíû íàó÷èëè âîèíîâ, ñòîÿâøèõ ó

ìåñòà ïîãðåáåíèÿ Õðèñòà, ñîëãàòü íàðîäó, ÷òî ó÷åíèêè óêðàëè Åãî

òåëî èç ãðîáà (Ìô. 28, 12-13), òî íàïðàøèâàåòñÿ åñòåñòâåííîå

ïðåäïîëîæåíèå: íå îòñþäà ëè ïîøëà òðàäèöèÿ ñ÷èòàòü 1 àïðåëÿ

äí¸ì îáìàíà?

Ñàìîäîâîëüíàÿ è íàâÿç÷èâàÿ,
êàê áðîäÿ÷èé ñåêòàíò, çàïàäíàÿ ìîäà
 
íàñòîé÷èâî ïðåäëàãàåò ýòîò äåíü â êà÷åñòâå ïðàçäíèêà. Òàì, íà
 
Çàïàäå, îí íàçûâàåòñÿ «äåíü äóðàêîâ», ó íàñ – «äåíü ñìåõà». Ìèð
 
òåñåí, âîò óæå è ó íàñ íàøëèñü ïîñëåäîâàòåëè èóäåéñêèõ
 
ñòàðåéøèí.
 
 
Äîáàâëåíà 31 ìàðòà 2016

|

Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ19
 
ϸðò Êóçíåöîâ
Îãî. Íå îæèäàë.
Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ
 

+++

 

Ðóáðèêè:  ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÍÎÐÌÀ è ýêñòðåìèçì - íåëþäè
Ïðîöåññ: ÔÎÐÌÀ ÎÁÙÅÍÈß Â ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒÅ?
ÌÛÑËÈ: ×ÅÐÅÇ ËÞÄÅÉ.
ÁÎÃ: ÐÀÇÓÌ-ÆÈÇÍÜ-ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ
À. Îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ðåêîìåíäóþ - Paul_V_Lashkevich
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÁÎà â õðàìå Äóøè
Ñëîâà: ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ èùèòå
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ
ÌÎËÈÒÂÀ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÓÌ ðàçóìíûé
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÄÓÕ - ÄÓØÀ - ÒÅËÎ
A. Ëþäñüêà äóìêà ³ ìîâà
ÁÎÃ: â åäèíñòâå - ÁËÀÃÎÄÀÒÜ è ÇÀÊÎÍ
ÇÂÎÍ ÊÎËÎÊÎËÎÂ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß
ÑÈÌÂÎË - ÎÁÐÀÇ - ÐÅ×Ü - ÇÍÀÊ
Ïðîöåññ: ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß - ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÁÎà - ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß - ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß
ÑËÎÂÀ: ÈÑÒÈÍÀ-ÇÀÁËÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ, ÏÐÀÂÄÀ-ËÎÆÜ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÌÀÒÜ - îòåö - áëèæíèå - ÐÎÄÈÍÀ
Ïðîöåññ: ÑÎÁÛÒÈß,ÔÀÊÒÛ,ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÛ,ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ
ÁÎÃÎÐÎÄÈÖÀ - ÏÐÅÑÂßÒÀß - ÏÐÈÑÍÎÄÅÂÀ - ÌÀÐÈß
ÊÐÅÑÒ - ÕÐÀÍÈÒÅËÜ ÂÑÅß ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÛß
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ


Ïðîöèòèðîâàíî 2 ðàç
Êîììåíòàðèè (0)

×ÒÎ ÌÛ ÍÅ ÇÀÌÅÒÈËÈ Â ÃÀÂÀÍÑÊÎÉ ÄÅÊËÀÐÀÖÈÈ

Ñðåäà, 30 Ìàðòà 2016 ã. 02:41 + â öèòàòíèê
Ýòî öèòàòà ñîîáùåíèÿ Paul_V_Lashkevich [Ïðî÷èòàòü öåëèêîì +  ñâîé öèòàòíèê èëè ñîîáùåñòâî!]

×ÒÎ ÌÛ ÍÅ ÇÀÌÅÒÈËÈ Â ÃÀÂÀÍÑÊÎÉ ÄÅÊËÀÐÀÖÈÈ

3418201_002__Cross_950605642_dynamic_8_Kb__ (73x110, 7Kb)3418201_002__040__Cross_bell___Dynamic__kopiya_040_ (64x64, 68Kb)3418201_002__Cross_GoldenCross_cb938ec29c932d10ca097d452e7d9ca8_Dynamic_11_Kb_ (100x130, 11Kb)

http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/paul_v_lashkevich/post385322959/
 

+++

Paul V. Lashkevich 
 
Íà ñàìîì äåëå íè îäíî ìèðîâîå ÑÌÈ è íèêòî èç àíàëèòèêîâ â ìèðå, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ýêñïåðòîâ Ìóçåÿ èìåíè ïðï. Àíäðåÿ Ðóáëåâà, íå ñìîãëè ïðîâåñòè ïàðàëëåëè ìåæäó âñòðå÷åé Ïàïû Ôðàíöèñêà è Ïàòðèàðõà Êèðèëëà 12.02.2016 ã. â Ãàâàíå ñ ïðèçíàíèåì Âëàäèìèðà Ïóòèíà 12.09. 2015 ã. â õîäå âèçèòà â ìóçåé-çàïîâåäíèê «Õåðñîíåñ Òàâðè÷åñêèé», ÷òî îí ñ ïàòðèàðõîì Êèðèëëîì ïðèäóìàë ñîçäàòü ýêóìåíè÷åñêèé öåíòð âñåãî õðèñòèàíñòâà â Êðûìó (ñì. âèäåî)!!! ++ ( http://expertmus.livejournal.com/194494.html ) ++ ( http://www.expertmus.com/2016/02/exclusive-kiss-of-millennium.html ) +++ ( https://www.facebook.com/profcom.rublevmuseum/posts/1697799713793306 )
  
 
 
Paul V. Lashkevich 
 
Ðóñü Ñâÿòàÿ, õðàíè âåðó Ïðàâîñëàâíóþ, â íåé æå òåáå óòâåðæäåíèå Ïðàâîñëàâíûå ïðîòèâ ýêóìåíèçìà ( https://youtu.be/gkXb6GrcOtk ) Ïðàâîñëàâíûå ïðîòèâ ýêóìåíèçìà +++ Ñëóøàþ - ñëûøó ãîëîñ âåðóþùèõ Õðèñòèàí. Íåîæèäàííî. Ðåøèëè âûñêàçàòü, êàê ìûñëÿò. Êîììåíòàðèè ëåãêî ëîêàëèçîâàòü ïî ìåñòó è ãðàæäàíñòâó. Ëþäè áåç èìåíè è áåç àâàòàðà - ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïîëèòè÷åñêè ïðàâîñëàâíû. Íóæíî ïîäîæäàòü îòâåò è ðàçñóäèòü. Ôðàãìåíòû âèäåîçàïèñè óæå òðàêòóþò êàê "íîâûé ðàçêîë è îòõîä îò ìîñêâû" - áåç ëþáâè çëîðàäñòâóþò. +++ óïîìÿíóòû óáèéñòâà Ïðàâîñëàâíûõ â 1204 ãîäó îò Ðîæäåñòâà Õðèñòîâà íà Àôîíå è â Êîíñòàíòèíîïîëå. + óïîìÿíóòû óáèéñòâà Ïðàâîñëàâíûõ ñåðáîâ Ðèìî - êàòîëèêàìè âî âðåìÿ WW2
9  
Paul V. Lashkevich 
 
+Paul V. Lashkevich - ñ "áåçûìÿííûìè", "÷åáóðàøêàìè" è "áåçëèêèìè - áåçàâàòàðíûìè" íå ñîâåòóþ ïåðåïèñûâàòüñÿ ïî âîïðîñó ýòîãî âèäåî. Soli Deo Gloria - Òîëüêî Áîãó Ñëàâà
1  

+++
Paul V. Lashkevich
Paul V. Lashkevichìèíóòó íàçàä
Íà ñàìîì äåëå íè îäíî ìèðîâîå ÑÌÈ è íèêòî èç àíàëèòèêîâ â ìèðå, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ýêñïåðòîâ Ìóçåÿ èìåíè ïðï. Àíäðåÿ Ðóáëåâà, íå ñìîãëè ïðîâåñòè ïàðàëëåëè ìåæäó âñòðå÷åé Ïàïû Ôðàíöèñêà è Ïàòðèàðõà Êèðèëëà 12.02.2016 ã. â Ãàâàíå ñ ïðèçíàíèåì Âëàäèìèðà Ïóòèíà 12.09. 2015 ã. â õîäå âèçèòà â ìóçåé-çàïîâåäíèê «Õåðñîíåñ Òàâðè÷åñêèé», ÷òî îí ñ ïàòðèàðõîì Êèðèëëîì ïðèäóìàë ñîçäàòü ýêóìåíè÷åñêèé öåíòð âñåãî õðèñòèàíñòâà â Êðûìó (ñì. âèäåî)!!!
++
( http://expertmus.livejournal.com/194494.html )
++
( http://www.expertmus.com/2016/02/exclusive-kiss-of-millennium.html )
+++
( https://www.facebook.com/profcom.rublevmuseum/posts/1697799713793306 )
Ñâåðíóòü
Îòâåòèòü
Paul V. Lashkevich
Paul V. Lashkevich1 äåíü íàçàä
http://www.religion.in.ua/news/vazhlivo/32360-epis...izvinitsya-pered-cerkovyu.html
Îòâåòèòü
Paul V. Lashkevich
Paul V. Lashkevich1 äåíü íàçàä (èçìåíåíî)
Ðóñü Ñâÿòàÿ, õðàíè âåðó Ïðàâîñëàâíóþ, â íåé æå òåáå óòâåðæäåíèå
Ïðàâîñëàâíûå ïðîòèâ ýêóìåíèçìà
( https://youtu.be/gkXb6GrcOtk )
Ïðàâîñëàâíûå ïðîòèâ ýêóìåíèçìà
+++
Ñëóøàþ - ñëûøó ãîëîñ âåðóþùèõ Õðèñòèàí.
Íåîæèäàííî.
Ðåøèëè âûñêàçàòü, êàê ìûñëÿò.
Êîììåíòàðèè ëåãêî ëîêàëèçîâàòü ïî ìåñòó è ãðàæäàíñòâó.
Ëþäè áåç èìåíè è áåç àâàòàðà - ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïîëèòè÷åñêè ïðàâîñëàâíû.
Íóæíî ïîäîæäàòü îòâåò è ðàçñóäèòü.
Ôðàãìåíòû âèäåîçàïèñè óæå òðàêòóþò êàê "íîâûé ðàçêîë è îòõîä îò ìîñêâû" - áåç ëþáâè çëîðàäñòâóþò.
+++
óïîìÿíóòû óáèéñòâà Ïðàâîñëàâíûõ â 1204 ãîäó îò Ðîæäåñòâà Õðèñòîâà íà Àôîíå è â Êîíñòàíòèíîïîëå.
+
óïîìÿíóòû óáèéñòâà Ïðàâîñëàâíûõ ñåðáîâ Ðèìî - êàòîëèêàìè âî âðåìÿ WW2
Ñâåðíóòü
Îòâåòèòü9
Paul V. Lashkevich
Paul V. Lashkevich1 äåíü íàçàä
+Paul V. Lashkevich - ñ "áåçûìÿííûìè", "÷åáóðàøêàìè" è "áåçëèêèìè - áåçàâàòàðíûìè" íå ñîâåòóþ ïåðåïèñûâàòüñÿ ïî âîïðîñó ýòîãî âèäåî. Soli Deo Gloria - Òîëüêî Áîãó Ñëàâà
Îòâåòèòü1
+++

Ðóáðèêè:  ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÍÎÐÌÀ è ýêñòðåìèçì - íåëþäè
Ïðîöåññ: ÔÎÐÌÀ ÎÁÙÅÍÈß Â ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒÅ?
Ïðîöåññ - ÄÓÕ - ÖÅËÜ - ËÞÁÎÂÜ.
Ïðîöåññ - ÄÓØÀ - ÔÓÍÊÖÈß - ÍÀÄÅÆÄÀ.
Ïðîöåññ - ÒÅËÎ - ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ - ÂÅÐÀ.
À. Îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ðåêîìåíäóþ - Paul_V_Lashkevich
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÁÎà â õðàìå Äóøè
Ñëîâà: ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ èùèòå
Ñëîâà: ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß È ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÓÌ ðàçóìíûé
ÁÎÃ: â åäèíñòâå - ÁËÀÃÎÄÀÒÜ è ÇÀÊÎÍ
ÇÂÎÍ ÊÎËÎÊÎËÎÂ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
Ñëîâà: ØÐÈÔÒ, ïå÷àòíûå è âèðòóàëüíûå ÊÍÈÃÈ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÁÈÎÃÐÀÔÈß è ÏÎÐÒÐÅÒ
ÑËÎÂÀ: Çâóê - Áóêâà - Öèôðà - Öâåò.
ÑÈÌÂÎË - ÎÁÐÀÇ - ÐÅ×Ü - ÇÍÀÊ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÁÎà - ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß - ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß
ÑËÎÂÀ: ÈÑÒÈÍÀ-ÇÀÁËÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ, ÏÐÀÂÄÀ-ËÎÆÜ
×åëîâåê: ÁÎà - ÂÅÐÀ - ÍÀÄÅÆÄÀ - ËÞÁÎÂÜ
ÓÊÐÀ²ÍÀ - ÐÎÑ²ß - ÁªËÀÐÓÑÜ
ÁÎÃÎÐÎÄÈÖÀ - ÏÐÅÑÂßÒÀß - ÏÐÈÑÍÎÄÅÂÀ - ÌÀÐÈß
ÊÐÅÑÒ - ÕÐÀÍÈÒÅËÜ ÂÑÅß ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÛß
ÑËÎÂÀ: ÏÈÑÜÌÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ, ÐÓÊÎÏÈÑÜ, ÊÀËËÈÃÐÀÔÈß
ÑËÎÂΠвÄÍÅ ìîâà ÐÓÑÜÊÀ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÀ
Ñëîâî ð³äíå ÑËÀÂßÍÅ
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ ³ Íå ðîññèéñêèé ìèð
Ðóññêèé - ÈÑÊÎÍÍÎÅ + ðîññèéñêèé: íåî - èìïåðñêîå, ñòðåìÿùååñÿ ïîãëîòèòü Ðóññêîå è Óêðàèíñêîå è ïðî÷àÿ, è ïðî÷àÿ, è ïðî÷àÿ......
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (0)

ÕÅÐÓÂÈÌÛ - è ññûëêè

Ïÿòíèöà, 26 Ôåâðàëÿ 2016 ã. 01:44 + â öèòàòíèê
liveinternet.ru/users/paul_...385471266/

http://nesusvet.narod.ru/ico/books/kutkovoy4/
+++

ÀÍÃÅË ÕÐÀÍÈÒÅËÜ ÊÀÊ ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ È ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÅÃÎ ÈÇÎÁÐÀÇÈÌÎÑÒÈ. Âèêòîð Ñåìåíîâè÷ Êóòêîâîé.

Èçîáðàæåíèÿ Àíãåëîâ ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü óæå â ðèìñêèõ êàòàêîìáàõ, ïðàâäà, áåç ïðèâû÷íûõ êðûëüåâ. Õîòÿ êðûëàòûå ñóùåñòâà èçâåñòíû äàæå â äîàíòè÷íóþ ýïîõó. Îäíàêî â ðàííåõðèñòèàíñêèõ ïàìÿòíèêàõ îòñóòñòâóþò èçîáðàæåíèÿ Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ. 

Àíãåë õðàíèòåëü, ïðîðèñüÒà åãî èêîíîãðàôèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíèëàñü ñ XVI - XVII ñòîëåòèé â Ðîññèè, îáû÷íî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò íàì "þíîøó, îáëà÷åííîãî â áåëûé õèòîí, èíîãäà â òóíèêó è ãèìàòèé, èëè ïëàù, ãëàâíûå àòðèáóòû - êðåñò è îáíàæåííûé ìå÷"[1].

Ñêîëüêî ìû íè èñêàëè, íî òàê è íå îáíàðóæèëè èêîíîãðàôèþ Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ â 11-âåêîâîì âèçàíòèéñêîì èñêóññòâå, îñíîâîïîëàãàþùåì äëÿ ïðàâîñëàâíîãî ìèðà. Òîò "ñòðàæ õðàìà" èç êîíñòàíòèíîïîëüñêîé Ñîôèè, î êîòîðîì óïîìèíàåò î. Ãåîðãèé Ôëîðîâñêèé[2], ÿâëÿåòñÿ, ïî ìíåíèþ Â.Í. Ëàçàðåâà, Àðõàíãåëîì Ãàâðèèëîì[3], ÷òî çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëüøå ïîõîäèò íà ïðàâäó. Ìåðèëî è çåðöàëî â ðóêàõ ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò: ïåðåä íàìè - êòî-òî èç Àðõàíãåëîâ, íî íå "ñòðàæ õðàìà".

Ñèëû íåáåñíûå æèâîïèñàëè äîñòàòî÷íî ÷àñòî, íî íå Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ.

Ýòî èíòåðåñíî. Ïîñêîëüêó âîçíèêàåò ñïðàâåäëèâûé âîïðîñ: åñëè ìîëèòâà, êîòîðóþ âû÷èòûâàþò ïðàâîñëàâíûå â óòðåííåì ïðàâèëå ("Ñâÿòûé Àíãåëå, ïðåäñòîÿé îêàÿííîé ìîåé äóøè..."), íàïèñàíà ïðåï. Ìàêàðèåì Âåëèêèì â IV âåêå, à êàíîí Àíãåëó Õðàíèòåëþ ñîñòàâëåí ìèòðîïîëèòîì Åâõàèòñêèì Èîàííîì Ìàâðîïîäîì â XI ñòîëåòèè, òî ê êàêîé æå èêîíå îáðàùàëèñü ìîëÿùèåñÿ?

Âûçûâàåò íåäîóìåíèå ôàêòè÷åñêîå îòñóòñòâèå ëèòåðàòóðû ïî îáîçíà÷åííîé òåìå. Îòäåëüíûå àâòîðû åå çàòðàãèâàþò ëèøü îïèñàòåëüíî. Íå ïðîáëåìíî. À èíîãäà è îøèáî÷íî: îá îäíîé òàêîé ñòàòüå èçâåñòíîãî ñîâåòñêîãî èñêóññòâîâåäà ìû óæå âûñêàçûâàëèñü â ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ïå÷àòè[4].

Ïîñêîëüêó âñå, êðîìå Áîãà, èìååò ñâîå íà÷àëî, - òðåáóåòñÿ âûÿñíèòü: êîãäà, ïî ó÷åíèþ Öåðêâè, ê ÷åëîâåêó ïðèñòàâëÿåòñÿ Àíãåë Õðàíèòåëü? Íà÷èíàÿ ñ Òåðòóëëèàíà è Îðèãåíà, åù¸ ïåðâîõðèñòèàíñêèå àâòîðû äàâàëè ñàìûå ðàçíûå îòâåòû. Íî çàêëþ÷èòåëüíàÿ ìîëèòâà êàíîíà Àíãåëó Õðàíèòåëþ ãîâîðèò ñîâåðøåííî îäíîçíà÷íî: "îò ñâÿòîãî êðåùåíèÿ" - íîâîãî ðîæäåíèÿ âîäîé è Äóõîì... Ïðè÷åì ïåñíü 7 ýòîãî êàíîíà óêàçûâàåò è íà êàêîé ñðîê: "îò Áîãà äàðîâàííîãî ìè âî âåêè", òî åñòü Àíãåë Õðàíèòåëü ñîïðîâîæäàåò êàæäîãî õðèñòèàíèíà îò ñâ. êðåùåíèÿ è äî îêîí÷àíèÿ çåìíîãî ïóòè, íî è ïîñëå, "â ñòðàøíûé æå ÷àñ ñìåðòè íåîòñòóïåí áóäè ìè, áëàãèé õðàíèòåëþ ìîé, <...> åãäà èìàì ïðåõîäèòè âîçäóøíàÿ ìûòàðñòâà" (ìîëèòâà àêàôèñòà Àíãåëó Õðàíèòåëþ), òàê êàê óñîïøåãî "îáû÷íî ñîïðîâîæäàþò äâà àíãåëà <...>. Îáÿçàííîñòü ýòèõ àíãåëîâ (Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ è âñòðå÷íîãî àíãåëà. - Â. Ê.) - ñîïðîâîæäàòü äóøó óìåðøåãî íà åãî ïóòè â çàãðîáíóþ æèçíü"[5]. È íà Ñòðàøíîì Ñóäå Àíãåë Õðàíèòåëü áóäåò ïðåäñòàòåëüñòâîâàòü ïðåä Õðèñòîì, ìîëÿ î ïðîùåíèè õðàíèìîãî èì ÷åëîâåêà, è â ñëó÷àå ïðîùåíèÿ - ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîñëåäíåìó íåðàçëó÷íûì äðóãîì â âå÷íîñòè.

Áûòóåò ìíåíèå, ÷òî òîò äðóã è Àíãåë åñòü ñâÿòîé, èìÿ êîòîðîãî ìû íîñèì. Îòñþäà, ìîë, èìåíèíû è íàçûâàþòñÿ äíåì Àíãåëà.

Ýòî ÿâíîå çàáëóæäåíèå. Îíî ëåãêî îïðîâåðãàåòñÿ óòðåííèì ïðàâèëîì: îäíà ìîëèòâà âû÷èòûâàåòñÿ Àíãåëó Õðàíèòåëþ - ñîâåðøåííî äðóãàÿ - ñâÿòîìó, âî èìÿ êîòîðîãî êðåùåí õðèñòèàíèí.

Íåò, ëèê Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ îò ñìåðòíûõ ëþäåé ñêðûò. Çðèìî îí îòêðûâàåòñÿ ëèøü â ìîìåíò ðàçëó÷åíèÿ äóøè ñ òåëîì. Óæå îäíîãî ýòîãî äîñòàòî÷íî äëÿ îòðèöàòåëüíîãî îòâåòà íà âîïðîñ: "Èìååò ëè ïðàâî íà ñóùåñòâîâàíèå èêîíîãðàôèÿ Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ?".  ïðîòèâíîì ñëó÷àå èêîíîïèñåö äîëæåí áûë áû óìåðåòü è âîñêðåñíóòü... Äà è êîëü âîñêðåñíåò, òî îí èçîáðàçèò òîëüêî ñâîåãî Àíãåëà. Ãäå ãàðàíòèè, ÷òî åãî Àíãåë îäèíàêîâ õîòÿ áû âèçóàëüíî ñ Àíãåëîì êàæäîãî èç íàñ? Ýòîò âîïðîñ ïðàâîìåðåí äàæå ê ñâÿòûì, êîòîðûå âîî÷èþ âèäåëè ñâîèõ Õðàíèòåëåé. Âåäü åñëè "íåèçâåñòíî, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ëè Àíãåëû åäèíîñóùíûìè äðóã äðóãó, âîçìîæíî, ÷òî êàæäûé èç íèõ - îñîáîå òâîðåíèå Áîæèå, îñîáûé äóõîâíûé ìèð"[6], - òîãäà íàñêîëüêî àêòóàëüíåé ñòàâèòü âîïðîñ îá "èïîñòàçèðîâàíèè" Àíãåëîâ: åñòü ëè íàø Õðàíèòåëü íåêàÿ ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ ñèëà, áåçëèêàÿ, à òî÷íåé, îäíîîáðàçíàÿ è òðàíñöåíäåíòíàÿ - èëè âñå-òàêè êîíêðåòíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü, ïðèçâàííàÿ ê ñëóæåíèþ?

Ðàçãîâîð î êàòåãîðèàëüíîì àíàëèçå ëè÷íîñòè - òðóäíûé; òóò âñå äåðæèòñÿ íà åëå óëîâèìûõ òîíêîñòÿõ. È â ÷åëîâåêå âåäü ðàçëè÷èå ïðèðîäû è ëè÷íîñòè óëîâèòü íå ëåã÷å, ÷åì ðàçëè÷èòü åäèíóþ ïðèðîäó è òðåõ Ëèö â Áîãå.

"Ìû ïðèâûêëè ñ÷èòàòü ýòè äâà âûðàæåíèÿ - ëè÷íîñòü è èíäèâèä - ïî÷òè ÷òî ñèíîíèìàìè, - ïèøåò Â.Í. Ëîññêèé, - ìû îäèíàêîâî ïîëüçóåìñÿ è òåì è äðóãèì, ÷òîáû âûðàçèòü îäíî è òî æå. Îäíàêî â èçâåñòíîì ñìûñëå èíäèâèä è ëè÷íîñòü èìåþò ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîå çíà÷åíèå; èíäèâèä îçíà÷àåò èçâå÷íîå ñìåøåíèå ëè÷íîñòè ñ ýëåìåíòàìè, ïðèíàäëåæàùèìè îáùåé ïðèðîäå, òîãäà êàê ëè÷íîñòü, íàïðîòèâ, îçíà÷àåò òî, ÷òî îò ïðèðîäû îòëè÷íî".

 îáëàñòè äàííîãî ðàçëè÷åíèÿ õðèñòèàíñòâî ïðèøëî ê íîâûì ïîíÿòèÿì. Êàê ïèøåò àðõèìàíäðèò Êèïðèàí (Êåðí), "ëè÷íîñòü íå áûëà ðàñêðûòà â äðåâíåì ÿçû÷åñêîì ìèðå. Ïîäíÿâøàÿñÿ íà âåðøèíû ôèëîñîôñêîãî ñîçíàíèÿ ýëëèíñêàÿ ìûñëü íå íàøëà äàæå âûðàæåíèÿ äëÿ ëè÷íîñòè, ÷òî îñîáåííî îñòðî ñêàçàëîñü â ïåðèîä òåõ áîãîñëîâñêèõ ñïîðîâ, êîòîðûå âåëèñü âîêðóã òðèíèòàðíîãî è õðèñòîëîãè÷åñêîãî äîãìàòîâ. Õðèñòèàíñòâî îáîñíîâàëî áîæåñòâåííîå ïðîèñõîæäåíèå ëè÷íîñòè. Òðèíèòàðíûå ñïîðû äàëè áîãîñëîâñêèé ôóíäàìåíò äëÿ ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé ëè÷íîñòè, îñîçíàâ Ëèöî, Èïîñòàñü â Áîæåñòâå. Ãðå÷åñêèé ÿçûê â òâîðåíèÿõ ñâîèõ âûñøèõ ôèëîñîôñêèõ óìîâ - Ïëàòîíà è Ïëîòèíà - óäîâëåòâîðÿëñÿ ìåñòîèìåíèåì εκαστος, "êàæäûé", õàðàêòåðèçóÿ åãî ÷ëåíîì: ο εκαστος, òî åñòü òàêèì îáðàçîì ïðèäàâàÿ åìó ñòðîãóþ èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü. Íî âñ¸ æå ýòî îñòàâàëîñü òîëüêî ìåñòîèìåíèåì, òî åñòü ÷åì-òî, ÷òî "âìåñòî èìåíè". Òîëüêî áîãîñëîâèå ïîíÿòèÿ Èïîñòàñè, êàê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîãî "áûòèÿ â ñåáå", áûëî ñïîñîáíî çàïîëíèòü â ÿçûêå òó ïóñòîòó, êîòîðàÿ â ñîâðåìåííîì ñëîâàðå çàïîëíÿåòñÿ ñëîâîì "ëè÷íîñòü". Ýòî íå òîëüêî "èíäèâèä" êàê "÷àñòü âèäà", êàê "ïîðîæäåíèå áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðîäîâîãî ïðîöåññà", êàê ÷òî-òî ñìåðòíîå, êàê êàêîé-òî "íîìåð" íàòóðàëèñòè÷åñêîãî ðÿäà, íå÷òî íåöåëüíîå, âïîëíå ïîâòîðèìîå. Ëè÷íîñòü åñòü îòïå÷àòîê áîæåñòâåííîãî Ëèöà, òâîðåíèå Áîæèå, à âîâñå íå ïîðîæäåíèå ðîäà. Ëè÷íîñòü äóõîâíà è ïðèíàäëåæèò äóõîâíîìó ìèðó ïðåæäå âñåãî. Ýòî âûñøàÿ öåííîñòü äóõîâíîãî áûòèÿ.

Êî âñåì ýòèì ðàçëè÷èÿì ìåæäó èíäèâèäîì è ëè÷íîñòüþ, òàê ÿðêî îñîçíàííûìè â ôèëîñîôèè Áåðäÿåâà, ñëåäóåò ïðèáàâèòü åãî æå çàìå÷àíèå î òîì, ÷òî "÷åëîâåê íå åñòü äðîáíàÿ ÷àñòü ìèðà, â í¸ì çàêëþ÷åíà öåëüíàÿ çàãàäêà è ðàçãàäêà ìèðà" (Î íàçíà÷åíèè ÷åëîâåêà. Ñ. 50). ×åëîâå÷åñêàÿ ëè÷íîñòü íå åñòü ïðîèçâåäåíèå îáùåñòâà èëè ïðèðîäíîãî ìèðà, èëè äàæå ðîäà è ñåìüè. Êàæäûé ÷åëîâåê åñòü â äóõîâíîì ñìûñëå íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå ñîçäàíèå Áîæèå. Ïîýòîìó ÷åëîâåê è íå çàâèñèò â ñâî¸ì ïðîèñõîæäåíèè îò öåëîãî, îò ðîäà èëè ìèðà. ×åëîâå÷åñêèé äóõ âûøå è øèðå, à ãëàâíîå, ïåðâè÷íåå è ðîäà, è îáùåñòâà, è ìèðà. Íå ýòè ñîäðóæåñòâà ïîðîäèëè äóõ ÷åëîâåêà, è ïîòîìó ýòîò äóõ è íå åñòü ÷àñòü ðîäà, îáùåñòâà è ìèðà. Íàîáîðîò, îí èõ îõâàòûâàåò, ïðèåìëåò èëè îòâåðãàåò. Ðîä è îáùåñòâî ñîñòîÿò èç ÷åëîâå÷åñêèõ èíäèâèäîâ, íî äóõ ÷åëîâåêà, åãî ëè÷íîñòü íå åñòü ñîñòàâíàÿ ÷àñòü ðîäà è îáùåñòâà. ×åëîâå÷åñêèé äóõ ìîæåò îò íèõ çàâèñåòü, íàñêîëüêî ýòî åìó óãîäíî, íî îí íè â êîåì ñëó÷àå íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîáñòâåííîñòüþ ýòèõ îáùåñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçìîâ è èõ ðàáîò. Ëè÷íîñòü - âûøå îáùåñòâà, ïåðâè÷íåå åãî, âàæíåå åãî. Êðîìå òîãî, ëè÷íîñòü - íåïîâòîðèìà è íå ìîæåò áûòü çàìåíåíà äðóãîé "òàêîé æå" ëè÷íîñòüþ. "Òàêîé æå" ëè÷íîñòè âîîáùå íå ñóùåñòâóåò. Ñóùåñòâóþò "òàêèå æå" îòòèñêè, îòïå÷àòêè, ñåðèéíûå íîìåðà êàê ïðîèçâåäåíèå êàêîé-òî ìàøèíû, íî âñÿêàÿ ëè÷íîñòü, ñêîëüêî áû ìèëëèàðäîâ èõ íè ïîðîäèë èñòîðè÷åñêèé ïðîöåññ, åñòü åäèíñòâåííàÿ".

Â.Í.Ëîññêèé ïðîäîëæàåò: " íàøåì íàñòîÿùåì ñîñòîÿíèè, ñàìè áóäó÷è èíäèâèäàìè, ìû âîñïðèíèìàåì ëè÷íîñòü òîëüêî ÷åðåç èíäèâèä. Êîãäà ìû õîòèì îïðåäåëèòü, "îõàðàêòåðèçîâàòü" êàêóþ-íèáóäü ëè÷íîñòü, ìû ïîäáèðàåì èíäèâèäóàëüíûå ñâîéñòâà, "÷åðòû õàðàêòåðà", êîòîðûå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ó ïðî÷èõ èíäèâèäîâ è íèêîãäà íå ìîãóò áûòü ñîâåðøåííî "ëè÷íûìè", òàê êàê îíè ïðèíàäëåæàò îáùåé ïðèðîäå. È ìû, â êîíöå êîíöîâ, ïîíèìàåì: òî, ÷òî äåëàåò åãî "èì ñàìèì" - íåîïðåäåëèìî, ïîòîìó ÷òî â åãî ïðèðîäå íåò íè÷åãî òàêîãî, ÷òî îòíîñèëîñü áû ñîáñòâåííî ê ëè÷íîñòè, âñåãäà åäèíñòâåííîé, íåñðàâíèìîé è "áåñïîäîáíîé"[7].

Çäåñü òàéíà, ïðîèñõîäÿùàÿ èç íåîãðàíè÷åííûõ òâîð÷åñêèõ ñïîñîáíîñòåé Ñîçäàòåëÿ ìèðà. Îíà íå èìååò èçìåðèìûõ "ïàðàìåòðîâ". Ñóùåñòâóþò ëè ñïîñîáû è âåëè÷èíû, ÷òîáû èçìåðèòü òàéíó?

Íî ó òàéíû åñòü ñâîÿ àíòèíîìèÿ - "èíäèâèäóàëüíûå ñâîéñòâà". Îòñþäà âîçíèêàåò ïîíÿòèå "èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü" - ñîâîêóïíîñòü êà÷åñòâ, âûðàæàþùèõ ñóùíîñòü îòäåëüíîãî èíäèâèäà. ×åëîâå÷åñêàÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü - áåçóñëîâíàÿ ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíàÿ öåííîñòü îò Áîãà. Îíà íå îòâåðãàåòñÿ, à âêëþ÷àåòñÿ â Ñîáîðíîå åäèíñòâî; ÷åì è îáúÿñíèìî òðåáîâàíèå "ïîðòðåòíîãî ñõîäñòâà" îò èçîãðàôà ïðè æèâîïèñàíèè èêîíû òîãî èëè èíîãî ñâÿòîãî, "èáî ïî÷èòàíèå (âîçäàåòñÿ èêîíå) íå ïîñòîëüêó, ïîñêîëüêó îíà îòñòàåò îò ñõîäñòâà (ñ ïåðâîîáðàçîì), íî ïîñêîëüêó îíà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ïîäîáèå (ñ íèì)", - ïîÿñíÿåò ñâ. Ôåîäîð Ñòóäèò. Ñàìî ñëîâî εικων "îáðàç" âîñõîäèò ê εικω "èìåþ ñõîäñòâî, ïîõîæó". Èêîíîïèñíûå ïîäëèííèêè ïîëíû óêàçàíèé òèïà "ïàñòûðü, ñåäîé, áîðîäà Èîàííà Áîãîñëîâà", "îêðóãëî ëèöå, ÿêî æå è Ìàòåðè Åãî", "âëàñû Íèêîëèíû" è ò.ï. Óìåëàÿ êèñòü ìàñòåðà, âîäèìàÿ Òâîðöîì, êàæäûé ðàç èç ñîâîêóïíîñòè òàêèõ ñðàâíèòåëüíûõ ÷åðò ñîçäàåò åäèíñòâåííûé è íåïîâòîðèìûé îáðàç ÷åëîâåêà - ëè÷íîñòü, ÷òî ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ è íàäïèñüþ íà èêîíå: ýòî ñâò. Âàñèëèé Âåëèêèé, à íå ñâò. Ãðèãîðèé Áîãîñëîâ. Ïîòîìó â äðåâíîñòè îáðàç ñíà÷àëà îäîáðÿëñÿ äóõîâíûìè ëèöàìè è ïîòîì óæå îñâÿùàëñÿ íàäïèñüþ (÷èíà îñâÿùåíèÿ, êàêîé èçâåñòåí ñåãîäíÿ, äî XVII â. íå ñóùåñòâîâàëî: ñ÷èòàëîñü, ÷òî èêîíó îñâÿùàåò èìåííî íàäïèñü; äà è ñåãîäíÿøíèé ÷èí îñâÿùåíèÿ åñòü òîëüêî àêò îäîáðåíèÿ, è íå áîëüøå).

Äàëüøå Ëîññêèé ãîâîðèò, ÷òî Àíãåë è ÷åëîâåê - "ñóùåñòâà ëè÷íîñòíûå", íî ÷åëîâåê, äëÿ èçâåñòíîãî áîãîñëîâà, "ïîëíåå, áîãà÷å, ñîäåðæàíèå àíãåëüñêèõ äóõîâ", èáî îí ïîñòàâëåí "íà ãðàíè óìîçðèòåëüíîãî è ÷óâñòâåííîãî" è ïîòîìó "ïðè÷àñòåí âñåì ñôåðàì òâàðíîé âñåëåííîé"[8]. Îòñþäà, êàê âèäèì, ëè÷íîñòü Àíãåëà è ëè÷íîñòü ÷åëîâåêà ñóùåñòâåííî ðàçíÿòñÿ, õîòÿ è Àíãåë, è ÷åëîâåê ñîçäàíû ïî îáðàçó è ïîäîáèþ Áîæèþ. Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ ñâ. Ãðèãîðèÿ Ïàëàìû ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò, ÷òî Àíãåë, óñòóïàÿ â ñîâåðøåíñòâå îáðàçà, ïðåâîñõîäèò ÷åëîâåêà â ïîäîáèè. Ïî Ëîññêîìó, "ëè÷íîñòü, óòâåðæäàþùàÿ ñåáÿ êàê èíäèâèä è çàêëþ÷àþùàÿ ñåáÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ñâîåé ÷àñòíîé ïðèðîäû, íå ìîæåò â ïîëíîòå ñåáÿ îñóùåñòâëÿòü - îíà îñêóäåâàåò"[9]. Íè÷åãî òàêîãî íåò ó Áîæèèõ Àíãåëîâ, èáî îíè "íàñûùàþòñÿ Áîæåñòâåííîé áëàãîäàòüþ è ïåðåäàþò åå îñòàëüíîìó òâîðåíèþ". Ñàìî ñîçåðöàíèå Áîæåñòâà, íàñêîëüêî ýòî äëÿ íèõ âîçìîæíî, ñëóæèò èì ïèùåé, êàê òî÷íî èçëàãàåò ïðàâîñëàâíîå ó÷åíèå ïðåï. Èîàíí Äàìàñêèí[10].

Ìîãóò ëè çäåñü Àíãåëû óòâåðæäàòüñÿ â ñòàòóñå èíäèâèäîâ, à çíà÷èò, çàêëþ÷àòü "ñåáÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ñâîåé ÷àñòíîé ïðèðîäû"? Ìîãëè... Íî òîëüêî ïåðåñòàëè áû áûòü Àíãåëàìè.

Áåñïîëåçíî óãëóáëÿòüñÿ â âîïðîñ îá àíãåëüñêîé ïðèðîäå. Ýòîãî íå äàñò íàì ñäåëàòü ñàìà íåïîñòèæèìàÿ ïðèðîäà àíãåëüñêîãî ìèðà. È âñå-òàêè, Îòöû Ñåäüìîãî Âñåëåíñêîãî Ñîáîðà, óêàçûâàÿ íà ñîâåðøåííóþ áåñòåëåñíîñòü è íåâèäèìîñòü Áîãà, ïîäòâåðäèëè ïîëîæåíèå î äîïóñòèìîñòè èçîáðàæàòü Àíãåëîâ íà èêîíàõ: "×òî æå êàñàåòñÿ ðàçóìíûõ ñèë, òî îíè íå âñåöåëî èçúÿòû îò òåëåñíîñòè è íå áåçóñëîâíî íåâèäèìû, áóäó÷è îäàðåíû òîíêèìè, âîçäóõîîáðàçíûìè èëè îãíåííûìè òåëàìè, â êîòîðûõ îíè íåîäíîêðàòíî ÿâëÿëèñü è áûëè âèäèìû". Îòöû íå óòî÷íèëè, âðåìåííî èëè ïîñòîÿííî íîñÿò Àíãåëû ýòè òîíêèå òåëà. Îíè çàñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàëè òîëüêî, ÷òî áåñïëîòíîñòü Àíãåëîâ îòíîñèòåëüíà, ÷òî Àíãåëû ÿâëÿëèñü ëþäÿì, à ïîòîìó îíè â èçâåñòíîì ñìûñëå èçîáðàçèìû[11].

Âîïðîñ îá èõ èçîáðàçèìîñòè (â êà÷åñòâå öåðêîâíî ïî÷èòàåìîãî îáðàçà) îòòîãî è ðåøàåì, ÷òî Àíãåëû - ëè÷íîñòè. Ñâîèì îïðîâåðæåíèåì ïðåï. Ôåîäîð Ñòóäèò äîêàçûâàë èêîíîáîðöàì: "<...> èêîíà èçîáðàæàåò íå ïðèðîäó, à ëè÷íîñòü"[12]. Çàìåòèì: êîíêðåòíóþ ëè÷íîñòü, à íå ñèìâîëè÷åñêóþ - ñèìâîëè÷åñêèõ ëè÷íîñòåé, êàê è "ëè÷íîñòåé âîîáùå", íå áûâàåò. Ïóòàòü àáñòðàêòíûå ôîðìóëû ñ ëþäüìè çàíÿòèå âðåäíîå.

Öåðêîâíàÿ ñèìâîëèêà óêîðåíåíà â èñòîðè÷åñêîé ðåàëüíîñòè. Õåðóâèìîâ è ñåðàôèìîâ âåëåë èçîáðàçèòü íà êðûøêå Çàâåòíîãî Êîâ÷åãà ñàì ßãâå, à çíà÷èò, èõ ëèê áûë Ìîèñåþ îòêðûò, î ÷åì ãîâîðèë íà VII Âñåëåíñêîì Ñîáîðå Ïàòðèàðõ Òàðàñèé, ÷òî íàõîäèò ïîäòâåðæäåíèå â Ïèñàíèè: "âèæäü è ñîòâîðèøè Ìè ïî âñåìó, åëèêà Àç ïîêàæó òåáå íà ãîðå" (Èñõ. 25:8); Àðõàíãåëîâ ëþäÿì ïîñûëàë Ãîñïîäü, Àíãåëû ïèñàëèñü òå, ÷òî ÿâèëèñü ïàñòóõàì, âîçâåùàÿ î Ðîæäåíèè Ñïàñèòåëÿ ìèðà, òå, ÷òî âîçâåñòèëè Æåíàì Ìèðîíîñèöàì ðàäîñòü î Âîñêðåñøåì, ïðè÷åì ïîäàíû îíè â ñëóæåáíîì, "ôóíêöèîíàëüíîì" ïëàíå, à íå â êà÷åñòâå îáðàçà, íà êîòîðûé ìîëÿòñÿ. Ñèìâîëèêà æå Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ íè÷åì íå ïîääåðæàíà - ýòî òèïè÷íî ãîëîâíàÿ ðàáîòà èêîíîïèñöà, åãî "èäåè". È â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîëó÷èëàñü ñèìâîëè÷åñêàÿ ëè÷íîñòü, áåçàäðåñíàÿ äëÿ ìîëèòâû. Ñèòóàöèÿ ôàêòè÷åñêè ïî Êàíòó: "Ïóñòü òîëüêî íàøà èäåÿ áóäåò ïðàâèëüíîé, è òîãäà, íåñìîòðÿ íà íàëè÷èå ïðåïÿòñòâèé, ñòîÿùèõ íà ïóòè ê åå îñóùåñòâëåíèþ, îíà íå áóäåò íå âîçìîæíîé".

Âîçíèêàåò âîïðîñ: ÷òî ïîçâîëÿëî ïðåï. Àíäðåþ Ðóáëåâó èçîáðàæàòü Ñâ. Òðîèöó â âèäå Àíãåëîâ, ñèìâîëèçèðóþùèõ òðè Èïîñòàñè? Íàñêîëüêî ïðàâîìåðåí ñèìâîëèçì çäåñü? Îòâå÷àåò ëè äàííàÿ èêîíîãðàôèÿ 82-ìó ïðàâèëó Òðóëëüñêîãî Ñîáîðà?

Âîò â òîì-òî è äåëî, ÷òî "îáðàç Òðîèöû íå åñòü èïîñòàñíûé îáðàç Îòöà, Ñûíà è Äóõà Ñâÿòîãî, à îáðàç òðîè÷íîñòè Áîæåñòâà è òðîè÷íîãî áûòèÿ" (Ë.À. Óñïåíñêèé). ßâëåíèå Àâðààìó òðåõ ìóæåé ó äóáà ìàìâðèéñêîãî, ïî ìíåíèþ Öåðêâè, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå ñèìâîëîì, à ïðîîáðàçîâàòåëüíûì âèäåíèåì Ïðåñâÿòîé Òðîèöû. Ýòî è ïîçâîëÿëî ïðåï. Àíäðåþ Ðóáëåâó Åå èçîáðàæàòü íå ñèìâîëè÷åñêè, à â êà÷åñòâå ïðîîáðàçîâ. 82-å ïðàâèëî â äàííîì ñëó÷àå íå íàðóøàëîñü, ïîòîìó êàê îíî, òðåáóÿ êîíêðåòíîñòè, çàïðåùàåò ñèìâîëû, à íå ïðîîáðàçû. Äà è ðå÷ü íà Ïÿòî-Øåñòîì Ñîáîðå âåëàñü íå îá èçîáðàæåíèè Òðîèöû, à - Èèñóñà Õðèñòà. Èêîíà "Îòå÷åñòâî", íàïðèìåð, ïðîòèâîðå÷èò ýòîìó ïðàâèëó è ïðåäñòàâëÿåò íàì îáðàç Òðîèöû èïîñòàçèðîâàííûì. Íî â ñèëó íåâîïëîùåííîñòè Áîãà Îòöà, Åãî îáðàç - óæå ñèìâîë. ["Âåòõèé äåíìè" èç ïðîðî÷åñòâà Äàíèèëà íå ìîæåò áûòü Îòöîì - ñîãëàñíî Äåÿíèÿì Áîëüøîãî Ìîñêîâñêîãî Ñîáîðà (ãëàâà 43), Îí - Ñûí â ñëàâå Áîæåñòâà, "åæå áóäåò âî âòîðîå Åãî ïðèøåñòâèå".] Îáðàç æå Äóõà Ñâÿòîãî â âèäå ãîëóáÿ ïðàâîìåðåí ëèøü â ñþæåòå "Áîãîÿâëåíèå".

Èêîíà âåòõîçàâåòíîé Òðîèöû, íàïèñàííàÿ Ðóáëåâûì, îñíîâàíà íà ÿâëåíèè ÷óâñòâåííîì, è, ãîâîðÿ ñëîâàìè ïðåï. Èîñèôà Âîëîöêîãî, â íåé "ïî÷èòàþò è öåëóþò åäèíî ñóùåñòâî Áîæåñòâà".

Ê ñåðåäèíå XVI â. ÷óæåðîäíûé ñèìâîëèçì àêòèâíî íà÷èíàåò âûòåñíÿòü èç èêîíîïèñè ÿçûê "ïðåîáðàæåííîãî åâàíãåëüñêîãî ðåàëèçìà". Ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ èêîíà Àíãåëà Ñëóæèòåëÿ (íûíå íàõîäèòñÿ â ìóçåå-çàïîâåäíèêå ãîðîäà Ñåðãèåâ Ïîñàä). Ýòîãî Àíãåëà íåêîòîðûå èñêóññòâîâåäû ïðèíÿëè çà Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ. Äèàêîíñêèå æå îáëà÷åíèÿ, âìåñòî ìå÷à êàäèëî â ðóêå ãîâîðÿò î íåì êàê î ñëóæèòåëå: ãðå÷. diakonoV - ñëóæèòåëü. Òåì íå ìåíåå, XVI âåê âñå ñäåëàë, ÷òîáû ÿâèòü ìèðó îáðàç Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ. À.Ñ. Óâàðîâ â ñâîå âðåìÿ ïèñàë î íàõîæäåíèè òàêîãî îáðàçà â êëåéìàõ, ñ ïîÿñíèòåëüíûìè íàäïèñÿìè "Àíãåë Õðàíèòåëü õðàíèò ÷åëîâåêà â äíè" è "Àíãåë Ãîñïîäåíü õðàíèò ÷åëîâåêà â íîùè". Ñàìà èêîíà äàòèðóåòñÿ XVII âåêîì, íî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñïèñîê ñ èêîíû XVI ñòîëåòèÿ, íàçâàííîé À.Ñ. Óâàðîâûì "Àíãåë Õðàíèòåëü ñ ïîõîæäåíèÿìè". Îäíàêî äî ñåãîäíÿøíåãî äíÿ ïîäîáíûå ïàìÿòíèêè XVI â. íå äîøëè. Âïðî÷åì, â àíàëîãè÷íîì ñèìâîëèçìå òîãî âðåìåíè ñîìíåâàòüñÿ íå ïðèõîäèòñÿ. Ïî ìåòêîìó çàìå÷àíèþ î. Ãåîðãèÿ Ôëîðîâñêîãî, "ýòî ïðåîáëàäàíèå ñèìâîëèçìà îçíà÷àëî ðàñïàä èêîííîãî ïèñüìà. Èêîíà ñòàíîâèòñÿ ñëèøêîì ëèòåðàòóðíîé, íà÷èíàåò èçîáðàæàòü íå ñòîëüêî ëèêè, ñêîëüêî èäåè".

XVII âåê ëèøü óñóãóáèë ñëîæèâøååñÿ ïîëîæåíèå.

Òåïåðü ïðèøëà ïîðà çàäàòü ñëåäóþùèé âîïðîñ: "Ïî÷åìó Àíãåëû îäíîîáðàçíû, òî åñòü, îäèíàêîâû ëèêàìè?" Âûøå ìû óæå ãîâîðèëè î òðåáîâàíèè Îòöîâ ê èêîíîïèñöó äîáèâàòüñÿ "ïîðòðåòíîãî ñõîäñòâà" ñ ïåðâîîáðàçîì. Òàê âîò, "îäèíàêîâîñòü" ó Àíãåëîâ - òîæå â èçâåñòíîé ìåðå "ñõîäñòâî", õîòÿ çâó÷èò ýòî ïàðàäîêñàëüíî. Ñóäèòå ñàìè: Àíãåëû, áóäó÷è ëè÷íîñòÿìè è íå áóäó÷è èíäèâèäàìè ("ïîðîæäåíèÿìè áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðîäîâîãî ïðîöåññà") ïðèîáðåòàþò "íåóëîâèìûå", à, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, íè ñ êåì íå ñðàâíèìûå ÷åðòû - êàê òàêóþ òàéíó ìîæåò ðàçðåøèòü èçîãðàô, åñëè, ïî ó÷åíèþ Öåðêâè, íà èêîíå ñëåäóåò èçîáðàçèòü ëè÷íîñòü è ñèìâîëè÷åñêè óêàçàòü íà ïðèðîäó èçîáðàæàåìîãî? Êàê?? Òîëüêî "àïîôàòè÷åñêè" - îò îáðàòíîãî, - ÷òîáû íå ñ êåì áûëî ñðàâíèòü (Àíãåë â îáðàçå þíîøè - áàíàëüíàÿ âûäóìêà èñêóññòâîâåäîâ). Âîò äðåâíèé õóäîæíèê, ñîãëàñíî ñ òðåáîâàíèÿìè ñâ. Îòöîâ, èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî äóõîâèä÷åñêè, óìîçðèòåëüíî, à íå ðàöèîíàëèñòè÷åñêè, è ïðåäñòàâèë ëèê áåç óñîâ, áîðîäû, áåç ìîðùèí è êàêèõ áû òî íè áûëî òèïàæíûõ ïðèçíàêîâ, ëèê áåç åäèíîé ïðèìåòû ïîëà (èáî Àíãåëû - áåñïîëû).

×òî ìîæíî â òàêîì ñëó÷àå ïîëó÷èòü, èìåÿ âäîáàâîê ñàìûå ñìóòíûå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ î ïðèðîäå àíãåëüñêîãî ìèðà? - òîëüêî òî, ÷òî ïîëó÷èëè: ôàêòè÷åñêóþ îäèíàêîâîñòü (îíà çàîäíî è ïîä÷åðêèâàåò ìåíüøåå ñîâåðøåíñòâî â îáðàçå Áîæèåì ó Àíãåëà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ÷åëîâåêîì). Äàæå îäåæäû îòëè÷àþòñÿ íå õàðàêòåðîì, à èåðàðõè÷åñêè: ó Àðõàíãåëà, âìåñòî ãèìàòèÿ èçîáðàæàåòñÿ ïëàù, âìåñòî õèòîíà - äàëìàòèê ñ îïëå÷üåì è ïîäîëüíèêîì; âîëîñû æå è ïðè÷åñêè - ðàçíèöû íå èìåþò.

Âîò îòêóäà "â èçâåñòíîì ñìûñëå" èçîáðàçèìîñòü, î êîòîðîé ãîâîðèëè Îòöû Ñåäüìîãî Ñîáîðà.

Íî íå ñëåäóåò äàííûé ïðèåì ñ÷èòàòü "òðàôàðåòíûì". Îí íîñèò êîíöåïòóàëüíûé õàðàêòåð.

Èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèè ìîæåò ñïðàâåäëèâî ñïðîñèòü: "Ðàçëè÷àòü "ëè÷íîñòü" è "èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü" ñòàëè ëèøü ñ XVIII âåêà, íà÷èíàÿ ñ Êàíòà è Ãåðäåðà. Ïîýòîìó äðåâíèé èçîãðàô íå ìîã äàæå ãèïîòåòè÷åñêè ââîäèòü òàêèå ïîíÿòèÿ â æèâîïèñü".

Îòâå÷àåì. Âî-ïåðâûõ, ïîíÿòèåì "ëè÷íîñòü" ïîëüçîâàëèñü Îòöû, èçîáëè÷àâøèå àðèàí, â IV âåêå - "â ïåðèîä òåõ áîãîñëîâñêèõ ñïîðîâ, êîòîðûå âåëèñü âîêðóã òðèíèòàðíîãî è õðèñòîëîãè÷åñêîãî äîãìàòîâ". Âî-âòîðûõ, îòñóòñòâèå òåðìèíà "èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü" èëè "èíäèâèä", íå ãîâîðÿ óæå î íàçâàííîì ðàçëè÷åíèè, âîâñå íå îçíà÷àåò îòñóòñòâèå ñàìîãî ïîíÿòèÿ. Èç ñëîâ ïðåï. Ôåîäîðà Ñòóäèòà î ñõîäñòâå èçîáðàæåíèÿ íà èêîíå ñ ïåðâîîáðàçîì ñòàíîâèòñÿ ÿñíî, ÷òî ýòîò ñâÿòîé èìååò â âèäó èìåííî "èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü". Ñàìîñòü, ãîðäûíÿ - âåñü ïåðå÷åíü ãðåõîâ,- ñóäÿ ïî áèáëåéñêîé èñòîðèè, âñåãäà ñîïóòñòâîâàë ÷åëîâåêó ïîñëå ïîòåðè ðàÿ. À âåäü îíè è åñòü ÷åðòû, ïðèñóùèå èíäèâèäó. Íå âñÿêèé èêîíîïèñåö ìîã êàòåãîðèàëüíî ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàòü è ðàçëè÷èòü òîíêîñòè õèòðîñïëåòåíèé òàêîé ôèëîñîôèè, íî îí îáëàäàë, ïîâòîðÿåì, ìèñòè÷åñêèì óìîçðåíèåì - çðåíèåì óìíîãî ìèðà, êîòîðîå îòâëå÷åííûå ïîíÿòèÿ ïåðåâîäèëî â õóäîæåñòâåííûå îáðàçû - "êðàñêè ìóäðîñòè", "áîãîñëîâèå â êðàñêàõ". Äà è ñàìî áîãîñëîâèå èêîíû ïðèíàäëåæàëî ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî Îòöàì, à íå õóäîæíèêó. Êîãäà æå äàííûé ïðèíöèï áûë íàðóøåí, è èêîíîïèñåö íà÷àë "äåéñòâîâàòü" ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî, òî âìåñòî áîãîñëîâèÿ ïîëó÷èëñÿ ñ ïðåòåíçèÿìè íà ôèëîñîôèþ ëèòåðàòóðíûé ñóððîãàò, îáåðíóâøèéñÿ "ñèìâîëèçìîì èäåé". Èç àíòè÷íîãî ïðîøëîãî âûõîäèëà âåëèêàÿ òåíü Ïëàòîíà: èäåÿ êàê ìåòàôèçè÷åñêàÿ ñóùíîñòü âåùè ñòàëà çðèòåëüíûì îáðàçîì.

Äóõ âðåìåíè âåðøèë ñâîå äåëî.

Âñå íà óäèâëåíèå ïîõîæå!  ðóññêîé èñòîðèè XVI âåê - ýòî ïîïóëÿðèçàöèÿ âåëèêîäåðæàâíûõ èäåé, âîïëîùåííûõ â ñîîòâåòñòâåííûå äåÿíèÿ. XVII ñòîëåòèå ñòðàíà íà÷èíàëà ñìóòîé, à êîí÷èëà - ïåòðîâñêèìè "ðåôîðìàìè". " îáëàñòè õóäîæåñòâåííîãî òâîð÷åñòâà, - ïèøåò Ë.À. Óñïåíñêèé, - òàê æå êàê è â îáëàñòè áîãîñëîâñêîé ìûñëè, èñ÷åçàåò òâîð÷åñêîå ïåðåæèâàíèå ïðåäàíèÿ è ïåðåîñìûñëåíèå Ïðàâîñëàâèÿ â ñâåòå òîãî, ÷òî íåñåò èíîâåðèå. Èçìåíåíèÿ â ðåëèãèîçíîé ïñèõîëîãèè ýïîõè âûðàæàþòñÿ â ðàçðûâå ìåæäó ìîëèòâåííûì ïîäâèãîì è òâîð÷åñòâîì, òàê æå êàê è áîãîñëîâñêîé ìûñëüþ"[13]. Ñêëàäûâàåòñÿ âïå÷àòëåíèå, ÷òî íåêîòîðûì ðóññêèì æèâîïèñöàì òîãî âðåìåíè ñòàíîâèòñÿ òðóäíî ïîìûñëèòü Áîãà "âíå" ïëîñêîñòè èêîíû, îáèòàþùèì "â íåïðèñòóïíîì ñâåòå". À êîëü òàê, òî ñ èññÿêàíèåì âûñîêîãî áîãîìûñëèÿ óòðà÷èâàåòñÿ è âñÿêîå òðåçâåíèå â èçîáðàæåíèè íåèçîáðàçèìîãî. Íà÷èíàþò èãðàòü "ôàíòàçèè", èíîé ðàç äàæå ÷åì-òî îáúÿñíÿåìûå. Òóò è ñëó÷àåòñÿ ðåöèäèâ àâòîðñêîãî ïðîèçâîëà, âîñïèòàííûé âëèÿíèÿìè "èçâíå". È åãî ëîãè÷åñêèì ïðîäîëæåíèåì â XVIII âåêå ñòàíåò ïîÿâëåíèå ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ÿçû÷åñêèõ "êóïèäîíîâ" â öåðêîâíîì èñêóññòâå. 

Èêîíà Àíãåë-õðàíèòåëü ñ äåÿíèÿìè, XIX â.Âîò íà òàêîé ïî÷âå êóëüòèâèðîâàëàñü èêîíîãðàôèÿ Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ. Íî èñ÷åçàëî ïîëóòîðàòûñÿ÷åëåòíåå ñîçíàíèå åå íåâîçìîæíîñòè.

Ðîäîñëîâíàÿ ýòîãî ôåíîìåíà ïðîñëåæèâàåòñÿ îò îáðàçà XIII âåêà "ßâëåíèå Àðõàíãåëà Ìèõàèëà Èèñóñó Íàâèíó". Îñîáóþ ðîëü çäåñü ñûãðàëà èêîíà Àðõèñòðàòèãà Ìèõàèëà èç Àðõàíãåëüñêîãî ñîáîðà Ìîñêîâñêîãî êðåìëÿ (XV â.). Èç 18-òè åå êëåéì 6 îòîáðàæàþò ïîêðîâèòåëüñòâåííûåè êàðàþùèå äåÿíèÿ, 6 - ñïàñèòåëüíûå è åùå 6 - áèòâó ñ ñàòàíîé[14]. Ïåðåä íàìè íèêòî èíîé, êàê Àíãåë Õðàíèòåëü "âñåÿ Ðóñè", ñ åãî ôóíêöèÿìè è äåéñòâèÿìè, íî íå â ïðÿìîì, à â ïåðåíîñíîì çíà÷åíèè. Ìîñêîâñêèé ïàìÿòíèê ñòàíîâèòñÿ äëÿ Ðóñè ñâîåîáðàçíûì ýòàëîíîì. Èêîíà èç Óãëè÷à - òîìó ïîäòâåðæäåíèå, ñ ó÷åòîì, êîíå÷íî, "âêóñîâûõ" èçìåíåíèé XVI âåêà.  ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, óãëè÷ñêèé Àðõàíãåë - ýòàëîííûé îáðàç äëÿ ðàáîòàâøèõ âìåñòå êîñòðîìñêèõ è ÿðîñëàâñêèõ èçîãðàôîâ, ñ êîòîðîãî îíè ñîçäàþò ôðåñêè Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ[15]. 

Èêîíà Àíãåëà-õðàíèòåëÿ, XIX â.Ïðîáëåìà íîâîââåäåíèé XVI - XVII âåêîâ îñòðî ñòîèò è â íàøå âðåìÿ. Øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå íåïîçâîëèòåëüíûõ èêîí íå íàõîäèò íàäëåæàùåé êðèòèêè â öåðêîâíîé, ëèòåðàòóðå. Ë. À. Óñïåíñêèé ïèñàë: "Ìû çíàåì: òàê æå êàê ÷åëîâå÷åñêàÿ ìûñëü íå âñåãäà áûëà íà âûñîòå ïîäëèííîãî áîãîñëîâèÿ, òàê è õóäîæåñòâåííîå òâîð÷åñòâî íå âñåãäà áûëî íà âûñîòå ïîäëèííîãî èêîíîïèñàíèÿ, è ñðåäè ïðî÷èõ çàáëóæäåíèé ìû ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àåì îáðàç Áîãà Îòöà, îñîáåííî ðàñïðîñòðàíèâøèéñÿ â ïðàâîñëàâíîì ìèðå ñ XVII âåêà"[16].

Äîáàâèì ñþäà è îáðàç Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ.

Ñåäüìîé Âñåëåíñêèé Ñîáîð íà âñå âåêà ïðîâîçãëàñèë, ÷òî "èêîíîïèñàíèå çàâèñèò îò ñâ. Îòöîâ è òîëüêî õóäîæåñòâåííûé åãî àñïåêò ïðèíàäëåæèò õóäîæíèêó"[17].

Ýòîãî-òî è íå áûëî, íà íàø âçãëÿä, ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå èêîíîãðàôèè Àíãåëà Õðàíèòåëÿ. 


Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ:

[1]. Ôèëàòîâ Â. Â. Êðàòêèé èêîíîïèñíûé ñëîâàðü. Ì.: Ïðîñâåùåíèå, 1996. Ñ. 14.

[2]. Ôëîðîâñêèé Ãåîðãèé, ïðîò. Äîãìàò è èñòîðèÿ. Ì.: Èçä-âî Ñâÿòî-Âëàäèìèðñêîãî Áðàòñòâà, 1998. Ñ. 401.

[3]. Ëàçàðåâ Â.Í. Âèçàíòèéñêàÿ æèâîïèñü. Ì.: Èñêóññòâî, 1986. Òàáë. 122.

[4]. Êóòêîâîé Â.Ñ. Îò âåðû â íàóêó - ê âåðå â íàóêå // Ïîêðîâ. Âåëèêèé Íîâãîðîä, 2002. ¹2 (9). Ñ. 6-8.

[5]. Ñåðàôèì (Ðîóç), èåðîì. Äóøà ïîñëå ñìåðòè. ÑÏá., 1994 Ñ. 40.

[6]. Àëèïèé (Êàñòàëüñêèé-Áîðîçäèí), àðõèì. Èñàéÿ (Áåëîâ), àðõèì. Äîãìàòè÷åñêîå áîãîñëîâèå: Êóðñ ëåêöèé. Ñâÿòî-Òðîèöêàÿ Ñåðãèåâà Ëàâðà, 1998. Ñ. 179.

[7]. Ëîññêèé Â.Í. Î÷åðê ìèñòè÷åñêîãî áîãîñëîâèÿ Âîñòî÷íîé Öåðêâè. Äîãìàòè÷åñêîå áîãîñëîâèå. Ì., 1991 Ñ. 92-93.

[8]. Òàì æå. Ñ. 82

[9]. Òàì æå. Ñ. 94.

[10]. Àëèïèé (Êàñòàëüñêèé-Áîðîäèí), àðõèì. Èñàéÿ (Áåëîâ), àðõèì. Óêàç. ñî÷. Ñ. 183-184

[11]. Òàì æå. Ñ. 180

[12]. Öèò. ïî: Óñïåíñêèé Ë.À. Áîãîñëîâèå èêîíû Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Öåðêâè. ×ÈÒÀÒÜ Ïàðèæ: Èçä-âî Çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîãî ýêçàðõàòà Ìîñêîâñêîé Ïàòðèàðõèè, 1989. Ñ. 94

[13]. Òàì æå. Ñ. 180

[14]. Òèõîìèðîâà Ê.Ã. Ãåðîè÷åñêîå ñêàçàíèå â äðåâíåðóññêîé æèâîïèñè. // Äðåâíåðóññêîå èñêóññòâî: Õóäîæåñòâåííàÿ êóëüòóðà Ìîñêâû è ïðèëåãàþùèõ ê íåé êíÿæåñòâ. XIV-XVI ââ. Ì., 1970. Ñ. 8-17.

[15]. Ñì.:

  1. ) ðîñïèñü ñåâåðíîé ñòåíû öåðêâè Âîñêðåñåíèÿ â Ðîñòîâå (îê. 1675 ã.);
  2. ) ôðåñêà öåðêâè Èîàííà Ïðåäòå÷è â ßðîñëàâëå (1694-1695).

[16]. Óñïåíñêèé Ë.À. Óêàç. ñî÷. Ñ. 121-122.

[17]. Òàì æå. Ñ. 117Èç áèáëèîòåêè Íåñóñâåòà


Âèêòîð Ñåìåíîâè÷ Êóòêîâîé, äîöåíò Íîâãîðîäñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà èì. ßðîñëàâà Ìóäðîãî, ÷ëåí Ñîþçà õóäîæíèêîâ Ðîññèè, àâòîð ìàòåðèàëîâ â æóðíàëàõ «Àëüôà è Îìåãà», «Âñåðóññêèé Ñîáîð», «Äóõîâíûé ñîáåñåäíèê», «Íîâàÿ Åâðîïà», «Ðóññêàÿ ïðîâèíöèÿ» è äð., íà ñàéòå www.pravoslavie.ru

+++
 

Ðóáðèêè:  ÁÎÃ: ÐÀÇÓÌ-ÆÈÇÍÜ-ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ
À. Îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ðåêîìåíäóþ - Paul_V_Lashkevich
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ
ÌÎËÈÒÂÀ
A. Ëþäñüêà äóìêà ³ ìîâà
ÁÎÃ: â åäèíñòâå - ÁËÀÃÎÄÀÒÜ è ÇÀÊÎÍ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
AUDIO - & - VIDEO - & - FOTO
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ
ÁÎÃÎÐÎÄÈÖÀ - ÏÐÅÑÂßÒÀß - ÏÐÈÑÍÎÄÅÂÀ - ÌÀÐÈß
ÊÐÅÑÒ - ÕÐÀÍÈÒÅËÜ ÂÑÅß ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÛß
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (1)

ÕÅÐÓÂÈÌÛ - è ññûëêè

Ïÿòíèöà, 26 Ôåâðàëÿ 2016 ã. 01:38 + â öèòàòíèê
Ýòî öèòàòà ñîîáùåíèÿ Àíãåë_ëóííûõ_ñóìåðåê [Ïðî÷èòàòü öåëèêîì +  ñâîé öèòàòíèê èëè ñîîáùåñòâî!]

ÕÅÐÓÂÈÌÛ

 ÕÅÐÓÂÈÌ

(äð. -åâð. cherub — òåëåö, æèâîòíîå)

Ñèëû íåáåñíûå, çàíèìàþùèå âòîðîå ìåñòî â ïåðâîé òðèàäå àíãåëüñêèõ ÷èíîâ ïîñëå Ñåðàôèìîâ. Îêðóæàþò òðîí Âñåäåðæèòåëÿ è ñèìâîëèçèðóþò ìóäðîñòü.

Òàê æå ïðèíÿòî ñ÷èòàòü èíîãäà Õåðóâèìîâ àíãåëàìè — äåòüìè, êîòîðûìè ñòàíîâÿòñÿ äóøè óìåðøèõ äåòåé.  ïåðåíîñíîì ñìûñëå õåðóâèìîì ìîãóò íàçûâàòü êðàñèâîãî þíîøó èëè ðåáåíêà.

Èíîãäà Õåðóâèìîâ ëåãêî ñïóòàòü ñ Ñåðàôèìàìè, ïîñêîëüêó èõ òàêæå ÷àñòî èçîáðàæàþò â âèäå ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ëèêà, îêðóæåííîãî øåñòüþ êðûëüÿìè. Îïðåäåëèòü èçîáðàæåíèå Õåðóâèìà ìîæíî ïî öâåòó êðûëüåâ — ó Õåðóâèìà îíè íå àëûå, à ãîëóáûå èëè çåëåíûå.

                                                                           heruvim

×èòàòü äàëåå...
Ðóáðèêè:  ÁÎÃ: ÐÀÇÓÌ-ÆÈÇÍÜ-ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ
Ñëîâà: ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ èùèòå
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ
ÌÎËÈÒÂÀ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÄÓÕ - ÄÓØÀ - ÒÅËÎ
A. Ëþäñüêà äóìêà ³ ìîâà
ÁÎÃ: â åäèíñòâå - ÁËÀÃÎÄÀÒÜ è ÇÀÊÎÍ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
AUDIO - & - VIDEO - & - FOTO
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÁÎà - ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß - ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé
×åëîâåê: ÁÎà - ÂÅÐÀ - ÍÀÄÅÆÄÀ - ËÞÁÎÂÜ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ
ÁÎÃÎÐÎÄÈÖÀ - ÏÐÅÑÂßÒÀß - ÏÐÈÑÍÎÄÅÂÀ - ÌÀÐÈß
ÊÐÅÑÒ - ÕÐÀÍÈÒÅËÜ ÂÑÅß ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÛß
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (1)

×ÒÎ ÌÛ ÍÅ ÇÀÌÅÒÈËÈ Â ÃÀÂÀÍÑÊÎÉ ÄÅÊËÀÐÀÖÈÈ

Äíåâíèê

Ñðåäà, 24 Ôåâðàëÿ 2016 ã. 02:17 + â öèòàòíèê

 www.kiev-orthodox.org/site/events/6119/

+++

Êèåâñêàÿ Ðóñü > Ðàçäåëû ñàéòà > Ñîáûòèÿ > Ãëàâà êèåâñêîé îáùèíû ñâÿòîãî Ýãèäèÿ Þðèé Ëèôàíñå: ×òî ìû íå çàìåòèëè â Ãàâàíñêîé äåêëàðàöèè?

ÑÎÁÛÒÈß

ÃËÀÂÀ ÊÈÅÂÑÊÎÉ ÎÁÙÈÍÛ ÑÂßÒÎÃÎ ÝÃÈÄÈß ÞÐÈÉ ËÈÔÀÍÑÅ: ×ÒÎ ÌÛ ÍÅ ÇÀÌÅÒÈËÈ Â ÃÀÂÀÍÑÊÎÉ ÄÅÊËÀÐÀÖÈÈ?

 

×òî äî ñèõ ïîð íå çàìåòèëè êîììåíòàòîðû â òåêñòåÑîâìåñòíîãî çàÿâëåíèÿ ïàïû è ïàòðèàðõà, â ÷åì íàèâíîñòü Ðèìñêîãî ïîíòèôèêà, è êàê âñòðå÷à äâóõ öåðêîâíûõ èåðàðõîâ òàêîãî óðîâíÿ ìîæåò êàñàòüñÿ æèçíè ïðîñòûõ âåðóþùèõ, ðàññêàçûâàåò ãëàâà êèåâñêîé îðãàíèçàöèè Îáùèíû ñâÿòîãî Ýãèäèÿ Þðèé Ëèôàíñå.

Þðèé Ëèôàíñå è Þëèÿ Êîìèíêî.  Ôîòî: Ïðàâîñëàâèå â Óêðàèíå

Þðèé Ëèôàíñå è Þëèÿ Êîìèíêî.
Ôîòî: Ïðàâîñëàâèå â Óêðàèíå

«ÄÀÆÅ ÑÝËÔÈ ÁÛËÎ ÁÛ ÃÐÎÌÀÄÍÛÌ ÏÐÎÐÛÂÎÌ»

— Þðèé, èçâåñòíî, ÷òî Îáùèíà ñâÿòîãî Ýãèäèÿ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ó÷àñòâîâàëà â ïîäãîòîâêå âñòðå÷è Ïàïû Ðèìñêîãî è Ñâÿòåéøåãî Ïàòðèàðõà Êèðèëëà. Çíà÷èò, ê èñòîðè÷åñêîìó ñîáûòèþ â Ãàâàíå âû òîæå ïðè÷àñòíû?

— Ïðè÷àñòíû, íî íå â ýòîò ðàç.

Âîîáùå Îáùèíà ñâÿòîãî Ýãèäèÿ äàâíî ìå÷òàëà îá ýòîé âñòðå÷å, ïðèëàãàëà óñèëèÿ äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îíà ñîñòîÿëàñü, ïîääåðæèâàëà ëþáûå êîíòàêòû ìåæäó Ðèìî-Êàòîëè÷åñêîé Öåðêîâüþ è Ìîñêîâñêèì Ïàòðèàðõàòîì. È íàäî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî âñåãäà íàì óäàâàëîñü íàéòè îáùèé ÿçûê ìåæäó Ðèìîì è Ìîñêâîé.

Ïðîôåññîð Àíäðåà Ðèêêàðäè, îñíîâàòåëü Îáùèíû, ðàññêàçàë â ñâîåì èíòåðâüþ, êàê îí ó÷àñòâîâàë â ïîäãîòîâêå âñòðå÷è ìåæäó Ïàïîé Áåíåäèêòîì ÕVI è Ïàòðèàðõîì Êèðèëëîì â 2013 ãîäó. Ìîñêîâñêèé Ïàòðèàðõàò óæå äàë ñîãëàñèå íà ïðèåçä â Ìèëàí íà òîðæåñòâà, ïîñâÿùåííûå 1700-ëåòèþ Ìèëàíñêîãî ýäèêòà, íî â ñâÿçè ñ îòñòàâêîé Ïàïû ïåðåãîâîðû íå ñîñòîÿëèñü. «Òîãäà ñòàëà ïîíÿòíà ïðè÷èíà ìåäëèòåëüíîñòè», — ðàññêàçûâàåò îí.

Òàê ÷òî ñåé÷àñ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ìû íå ó÷àñòâîâàëè, íî â îáùåì è íàøà äåÿòåëüíîñòü ñïîñîáñòâîâàëà ýòîé âñòðå÷å.

— Çíà÷èò, âû ïðåäñòàâëÿåòå ñåáå, êàêèõ òðóäîâ ñòîèëî îðãàíèçîâàòü ìåðîïðèÿòèå òàêîãî óðîâíÿ.  òî æå âðåìÿ ñîáûòèå ïîëó÷èëî íå î÷åíü ïîëîæèòåëüíûé îòêëèê ó îáùåñòâåííîñòè. Èìåþ â âèäó óêðàèíñêèå îöåíêè…

— Ïðèñóòñòâóþò ïîïûòêè ïðèóìåíüøèòü çíà÷åíèå ýòîé âñòðå÷è, ïðèóìåíüøèòü âàæíîñòü ïîäïèñàííîãî Ñîâìåñòíîãî çàÿâëåíèÿ.

È ýòî åù¸ çàäîëãî äî ñîáûòèÿ íà÷àëîñü. Ãîâîðèëè, ÷òî Ïàòðèàðõ Êèðèëë è Ïàïà Ôðàíöèñê âñòðåòÿòñÿ â Ãàâàíå äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ñäåëàòü îáùåå ñýëôè, è íà ýòîì âñ¸ çàêîí÷èòñÿ. Õîòÿ îäíà îáùàÿ ôîòîãðàôèÿ óæå áûëà áû íåèìîâåðíûì ïðîðûâîì.

ß èç ïîêîëåíèÿ, âûðîñøåãî âî âðåìÿ «õîëîäíîé âîéíû», è ïîìíþ, êàê âñåé ñåìüåé ìû ñìîòðåëè âñòðå÷ó Ãîðáà÷åâà ñ Ðýéãàíîì. Íèêàêèõ ñëîâ íå çàïîìíèëîñü, òîëüêî âèäåîðÿä, è òî âîëíåíèå, ñ êîòîðûì âñ¸ ýòî òîãäà âîñïðèíèìàëîñü.

Êîãäà óçíàë î ïðåäñòîÿùåé âñòðå÷å Ïàïû è Ïàòðèàðõà — ýòî áûëî 5 ôåâðàëÿ â Ðèìå, — ìíå ïðèøëè íà óì ôîòîãðàôèè Ïàòðèàðõà Àôèíàãîðà è Ïàïû Ïàâëà VI. ß íå ìîã ïðèïîìíèòü íè îäíîãî äîêóìåíòà, êîòîðûé îíè ïîäïèñàëè â òó ïåðâóþ âñòðå÷ó. Äà, ïî-ìîåìó, îíè òàê íè÷åãî è íå ïîäïèñûâàëè…

Íî óæå îäíî òîëüêî ïóáëè÷íîå èçîáðàæåíèå çàñòàâëÿåò èçìåíèòüñÿ ìíîãîå. Áëàãîäàðÿ òîé ôîòîãðàôèè Ïàâëà VI è Àôèíàãîðà ñåãîäíÿ êàòîëèêè è ïðàâîñëàâíûå èìåþò âîçìîæíîñòü âñòðå÷àòüñÿ è ñîòðóäíè÷àòü. Áëàãîäàðÿ ôîòîãðàôèè Ãîðáà÷åâà ñ Ðåéãàíîì ðóõíóëà ñòåíà, îáëîìêàìè êîòîðîé, êñòàòè, îñòàâàëàñü Êóáà, âûõîäÿùàÿ èç ñâîåé êîììóíèñòè÷åñêîé èñòîðèè.

Îñêîëêîì òîé ñòåíû îñòàåòñÿ íåäîâåðèå ìåæäó Ðóññêîé Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Öåðêîâüþ è Ðèìî-Êàòîëè÷åñêîé Öåðêîâüþ íà óðîâíå ïðîñòûõ âåðóþùèõ, ïîòîìó ÷òî åñëè ãîâîðèòü îá îôèöèàëüíûõ êîíòàêòàõ, îíè íèêîãäà íå ïðåðûâàëèñü, âåëèñü ñ áîëüøåé èëè ìåíüøåé èíòåíñèâíîñòüþ.

«Â ÓÊÐÀÈÍÅ ÇÀÍÀÂÅÑ ÁÓÄÅÒ ÍÅ ÆÅËÅÇÍÛÌ, À ÎÃÍÅÍÍÛÌ»

— Åù¸ ãîâîðèëè î òîì, ÷òî âñòðå÷à ïðîâîäèòñÿ íàñïåõ, è âñ¸ ýòî íåñïðîñòà…

— Ìèòðîïîëèò Èëàðèîí (Àëôååâ) ñêàçàë, ÷òî ãîòîâèëàñü îíà áîëåå äâóõ ëåò. Ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê Ïàïà Ôðàíöèñê âçîøåë íà ïðåñòîë, ñ ñàìîãî ìîìåíòà èíòðîíèçàöèè âåëàñü ïîäãîòîâêà. Îá ýòîì è ïîíòèôèê â ñâîåì èíòåðâüþ èòàëüÿíñêîé ãàçåòå «Corriere della Sera» («Âå÷åðíèé Êóðüåð») óïîìÿíóë: «ß ñâîèì ñîòðóäíèêàì ñêàçàë: õî÷ó âñòðåòèòüñÿ ñî ñâîèìè áðàòüÿìè ïðàâîñëàâíûìè. È ïîïðîñèë èõ âñ¸ ïîäãîòîâèòü». Êàðäèíàë Êîõ ýòèì çàíèìàëñÿ.

Òî, ÷òî ïåðåãîâîðû øëè íà ïðîòÿæåíèè äâóõ ëåò, âèäíî äàæå èç òåêñòà äåêëàðàöèè. Ýòî ñëîæíûé äîêóìåíò íà ÷åòûðåõ ñòðàíèöàõ, êîòîðûé çà äâå íåäåëè íå ñîñòàâèøü.

È ïîòîì, äåéñòâèòåëüíî, ñîâïàëè îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëèëè ðåàëèçîâàòü ýòîò ïëàí. Âî-ïåðâûõ, íåéòðàëüíàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ. Äî ýòîãî ñ Èîàííîì Ïàâëîì ²² îáñóæäàëàñü Àâñòðèÿ, ñ Áåíåäèêòîì XVI – Ìèëàí.  ýòîò ðàç — òåõíè÷åñêàÿ îñòàíîâêà ñàìîëåòà íà Êóáå, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿëî äâóì èåðàðõàì îñòàâàòüñÿ, ïðåæäå âñåãî, âíå êîíòåêñòà è âíå âëèÿíèÿ èñòîðèè. Òðóäíî ñåáå ïðåäñòàâèòü òàêóþ âñòðå÷ó ãäå-òî â Åâðîïå, ãäå îáÿçàòåëüíî çà ñïèíîé ñòîÿëè áû ëþäè ñ ïëàêàòàìè è òðåáîâàëè ÷åãî-òî.

 Íîâîì ñâåòå âñ¸ ñîâåðøåííî ïî-äðóãîìó. Òåððèòîðèÿ óäîáíà äëÿ Ïàòðèàðõà Êèðèëëà, ïîòîìó ÷òî ýòî äî ñèõ ïîð êîììóíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ñòðàíà. Óäîáíà è äëÿ Ïàïû Ôðàíöèñêà: èìåííî îí ñïîñîáñòâîâàë âîññòàíîâëåíèþ îòíîøåíèé ìåæäó Êóáîé è Ñîåäèíåííûìè Øòàòàìè.

È â Ãàâàíå áûëè ðàäû ïðèíÿòü ó ñåáÿ Ïàïó è Ïàòðèàðõà. Âèäíî äàæå ïî òîìó, êàê â¸ë ñåáÿ Ðàóëü Êàñòðî.  êàêîé-òî ìîìåíò íà âèäåî ìîæíî óâèäåòü, êàê îí ïîïðàâëÿåò òî ëè ñòàêàí, òî ëè ìèêðîôîí, è âûãëÿäèò ýòî î÷åíü òðîãàòåëüíî. Àýðîïîðò â Ãàâàíå — çàõóäàëûé äàæå ïî óêðàèíñêèì ìåðêàì, Ðàñïÿòèå è èêîíà ñìîòðåëèñü òàì ñîâåðøåííî ÷óæäûìè. Íî íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòî Ïàïà è Ïàòðèàðõ çàõîòåëè âñòðåòèòüñÿ èìåííî òàì.

— Íî â ÷åì ïðè÷èíà âñòðå÷è? Ïî÷åìó ýòî íóæíî áûëî äåëàòü ïðÿìî ñåé÷àñ?

— Â ìèðå ñëîæèëèñü ñëîæíûå îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà, êîòîðûå òðåáóþò, ÷òîáû äâå ñàìûå áîëüøèå Öåðêâè ìèðà îáùàëèñü ìåæäó ñîáîé.

Íå îáùàòüñÿ ñåãîäíÿ – ýòî ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü âîéíàì, ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü íåñïðàâåäëèâîñòè, ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ðàçäåëåíèþ è ðàçðóøåíèþ.  ìîìåíò, êîãäà, ê ñîæàëåíèþ, åñòü ðèñê íîâîé õîëîäíîé âîéíû, ýòà âñòðå÷à âûíóëà êàìåíü èç îñíîâàíèÿ äëÿ ýòîé âîéíû. ß íà ýòî íàäåþñü.

Ó õîëîäíîé âîéíû åñòü ãîðÿ÷èå ôðîíòû — âñåãäà íàäî ïîìíèòü îá ýòîì. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, Óêðàèíà ñåãîäíÿ è åñòü îäíèì èç òàêèõ ãîðÿ÷èõ ôðîíòîâ. È åñëè äîïóñòèòü âîçâåäåíèå íîâîãî æåëåçíîãî çàíàâåñà, â Óêðàèíå îí áóäåò íå æåëåçíûì, à îãíåííûì.

«ÒÅÏÅÐÜ ÍÈÊÒÎ ÍÅ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÑÊÀÇÀÒÜ, ×ÒÎ ÌÛ ÂÐÀÃÈ»

— ×òî ñëîæíîãî â òîì, ÷òîáû âñòðåòèòüñÿ èåðàðõàì äâóõ êðóïíåéøèõ Öåðêâåé? Ñ êàêèìè òðóäíîñòÿìè ýòî ñâÿçàíî?

— Ñâÿòåéøèé Ïàòðèàðõ âñåãäà ãîâîðèë, ÷òî âñòðå÷à íå äîëæíà áûòü òîëüêî ðàäè âñòðå÷è. Îí ñîãëàñåí âñòðåòèòüñÿ, ÷òîáû ðåøèòü êàêèå-òî ïðîáëåìû. Ñåãîäíÿ ýòèõ ïðîáëåì ñòàëî ñëèøêîì ìíîãî.

Äëÿ ïàïû Ôðàíöèñêà âñ¸ íåìíîæêî ïî-äðóãîìó. Ýòî ïåðâûé Ïàïà èç Ëàòèíñêîé Àìåðèêè, òî åñòü íå åâðîïååö. Ïåðâûé Ïàïà, êîòîðûé íå ó÷àñòâîâàë âî âòîðîì Âàòèêàíñêîì ñîáîðå, ó íåãî îòíîøåíèÿ ñ Åâðîïîé ñîâåðøåííî äðóãèå. È âñå íàøè åâðîïåéñêèå ðàñïðè êàñàþòñÿ åãî òàê æå, êàê ëàòèíîàìåðèêàíñêèå èñòîðèè êàñàþòñÿ íàñ.  ýòîì ñìûñëå äëÿ íåãî íåò ïðåïÿòñòâèé äëÿ áåñåäû ñ Ïàòðèàðõîì.

 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ òî, ÷òî ïðîèñõîäèò ñ õðèñòèàíàìè, íàïðèìåð, íà Áëèæíåì Âîñòîêå, ÷òî ïðîèñõîäèò ñ ñåêóëÿðèçèðîâàííûì ìèðîì, êîãäà ðóøàòñÿ áàçîâûå, ìèðîâîççðåí÷åñêèå âåùè, åäèíûå äëÿ âñåõ õðèñòèàí, — òàêèå êàê ñåìüÿ, ýêîíîìèêà, óáèâàþùàÿ òåõ, êòî íå ïðîèçâîäèò, îòñóòñòâèå êàêîé-ëèáî ñîëèäàðíîñòè, — äóìàþ, ýòî è çàñòàâèëî èõ, â êîíöå êîíöîâ, âñòðåòèòüñÿ.

È îíè ãîâîðÿò îá ýòîì â Äåêëàðàöèè. Ãîâîðÿò î òîì, ÷òî ïðîáëåìû âî âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿõ åñòü, íî «ìû íàäååìñÿ, ÷òî íàøà âñòðå÷à ñòàíåò çíàìåíèåì óïîâàíèÿ äëÿ âñåõ ëþäåé äîáðîé âîëè».

È ïîòîì, ýòî øàã ñìåëîñòè äëÿ îáîèõ, âåäü äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû âñòðåòèòüñÿ, îíè îáà äîëæíû áûëè ïåðåñòóïèòü ÷åðåç ìíîæåñòâî èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ïðåäðàññóäêîâ. Èõ óæå êðèòèêóþò. Ñâÿòåéøåãî Ïàòðèàðõà — î÷åíü ñèëüíî â Óêðàèíå è â Åâðîïå, Ïàïó òî÷íî òàê æå â Çàïàäíîé Öåðêâè.

Ñëîæíîñòü ýòîé âñòðå÷è ñåãîäíÿ – ýòî è ñèòóàöèÿ â Óêðàèíå. Âåäü â Ìîñêâå âñåãäà ãîâîðèëè, ÷òî ãëàâíûì ïðåïÿòñòâèåì äëÿ îáùåíèÿ ñ ïåðâîèåðàðõîì Ðèìî-Êàòîëè÷åñêîé Öåðêâè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ñ óêðàèíñêèìè ãðåêî-êàòîëèêàìè.

— Ìîæåò áûòü, êðèòèêóþò åù¸ è ïîòîìó, ÷òî ëþäè óñòàëè îò äåêëàðàöèé è çàÿâëåíèé è õîòÿò êîíêðåòíûõ äåéñòâèé? À òóò îïÿòü îäíè ñëîâà…

— Äà, ñàì ïîäïèñàííûé äîêóìåíò íå ïîäðàçóìåâàåò êîíêðåòíûõ ðåøåíèé. Íî â òî æå âðåìÿ óêàçûâàåò ïóòü è íàïðàâëåíèå, ñîãëàñîâàííûå ïåðâîèåðàðõàìè äâóõ Öåðêâåé.

Åñëè ïðîâåñòè àíàëîãèþ íà ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì óñòðîéñòâå, òî ïðåçèäåíòû âñòðå÷àþòñÿ, ÷òîáû äîãîâîðèòüñÿ î òîì, êàê ýòî áóäåò. È òîëüêî ÷åðåç âðåìÿ ñîáèðàþòñÿ ñíîâà, ÷òîáû ïîäïèñàòü ðåøåíèÿ, ðàçðàáîòàííûå êîìèòåòàìè äâóõ ñòðàí.

Ìû ñòàëè ñâèäåòåëÿìè ïåðâîé âñòðå÷è, íà êîòîðîé îáñóæäàëñÿ ôóíäàìåíò ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà. Ïàïà òàê è ñêàçàë ïîñëå áåñåäû ñ Ïàòðèàðõîì, ÷òî îíè îáñóäèëè è âîçìîæíûå êîíêðåòíûå øàãè â áóäóùåì.

Äåêëàðàöèÿ íå áåðåò íà ñåáÿ íèêàêèõ îáÿçàòåëüñòâ, íî ýòî ñëîâà, ñêàçàííûå âñëóõ.

Åñëè â íåé ãîâîðèòñÿ: «Ìû — áðàòüÿ», óæå íèêòî íå ìîæåò ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ìû âðàãè. Åñëè ãîâîðèòñÿ î òîì, ÷òî â ýòó òðåâîæíóþ ýïîõó íåîáõîäèì ìåæðåëèãèîçíûé äèàëîã, òû óæå íå ìîæåøü ñêàçàòü: ÿ íå áóäó ñ íèì âñòðå÷àòüñÿ, ïîòîìó ÷òî îí ìóñóëüìàíèí èëè èóäåé.

Ìû æèâåì â îáùåñòâå, â êîòîðîì ñëîâà íå èìåþò íèêàêîé öåííîñòè. Íèêòî íå çàïîìèíàåò îáåùàíèé êàíäèäàòà â äåïóòàòû. Íèêòî íå âîñïðèíèìàåò âñåðüåç ôðàçû «ß áóäó ëþáèòü òåáÿ âå÷íî». Îò÷àñòè ýòî è íàñëåäñòâî òîé áþðîêðàòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû, â êîòîðîé ìû æèëè è ïðîäîëæàåì ñóùåñòâîâàòü.

Ïîýòîìó ñìûñë äåêëàðàöèè â òîì, ÷òî îíà ñòàëà îòïðàâíîé òî÷êîé. Ïàïà ñêàçàë: åäèíñòâî ñòðîèòñÿ ïî ïóòè. Ïî ýòîìó ïóòè ìû íà÷àëè èäòè, è èäåì âìåñòå. Ìû íå çíàåì, ÷åì êîí÷èòñÿ ýòîò ïóòü. Íî îí íà÷àëñÿ, è åñòü îòïðàâíàÿ òî÷êà, îò êîòîðîé ìû ìîæåì îòòàëêèâàòüñÿ è èäòè âïåðåä, è ýòî – ñìûñë äåêëàðàöèè.

Êîãäà Ïàïà ëåòåë íà âñòðå÷ó, íàïèñàë â òâèòòåð: «Ìîëèòåñü î íàñ. Òî, ÷òî ìû âñòðå÷àåìñÿ, ýòî äàð îò Áîãà, äåíü áëàãîäàòè». È ýòî èìåííî òî, ÷òî ìîæåò ñäåëàòü õðèñòèàíèí, — ìîëèòüñÿ è íàäåÿòüñÿ. «Íàäåæäà íå ïîñòûæàåò», — òàê ñêàçàë àïîñòîë. È ÿ ïîëîí íàäåæäû. Äóìàþ, ÷òî âñòðå÷à äâóõ âåðóþùèõ ëþäåé äîëæíà ïðèíåñòè ñâîè ïëîäû â áóäóùåì.

«ÓÊÐÀÈÍÀ ÑÍÎÂÀ ÇÀÇÂÓ×ÀËÀ ÍÀ ÂÅÑÜ ÌÈл

— Âû ãîâîðèëè, ÷òî çíà÷åíèå Ñîâìåñòíîãî çàÿâëåíèÿ Ïàïû è Ïàòðèàðõà ÿâíî ïðèóìåíüøåíî. Ìîæåòå ñêàçàòü, â ÷åì èìåííî?

— Ãàâàíñêóþ äåêëàðàöèþ èíòåðïðåòèðóþò èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ íàöèîíàëüíîãî ôàêòîðà. Êòî-òî ãîâîðèò, ÷òî ýòî íàïèñàíî äëÿ Ëàòèíñêîé Àìåðèêè, ïîòîìó ÷òî â ïåðâûõ òðåõ àáçàöàõ óïîìèíàåòñÿ Ëàòèíñêàÿ Àìåðèêà.

Êòî-òî âèäèò ýòó âñòðå÷ó â êëþ÷å Óêðàèíû, ÷òî òàêæå ñóæàåò ñìûñë.

Ìíå êàæåòñÿ, ãëàâíûå ïðîáëåìû â èíòåðïðåòàöèè – î÷åíü óçêèé ïîäõîä èëè ïîëíîå îòâåðæåíèå çíà÷åíèÿ äîêóìåíòà.

— Êàê íà âàø âçãëÿä, ïî÷åìó âñòðå÷ó è äåêëàðàöèþ îöåíèâàþò â Óêðàèíå ñ íåãàòèâíîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ?

— Óêðàèíà ñåé÷àñ ïåðåæèâàåò î÷åíü ñëîæíîå âðåìÿ, êîòîðîå õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ, ïðåæäå âñåãî, âîéíîé è ïàìÿòüþ î ïðîòèâîñòîÿíèè â ñòîëèöå.  ýòè äíè ìû âñïîìèíàåì ïîãèáøèõ íà Ìàéäàíå. Ýòî î÷åíü òÿæåëàÿ ïàìÿòü, ïîòîìó ÷òî áîåâûå äåéñòâèÿ âåëèñü â ñòîëèöå íàøåé ñòðàíû. Äëÿ íàñ, êèåâëÿí, åùå ñëîæíåå, ïîòîìó ÷òî ýòî ãîðîä, êîòîðûé ìû ëþáèì.

Ïîýòîìó äëÿ ñòðàíû, êîòîðàÿ ñåãîäíÿ íåñåò òûñÿ÷è æåðòâ, åñòåñòâåííûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ æåëàíèå ñìîòðåòü â òåêñòå, ïðåæäå âñåãî, íà ïóíêòû, ïîñâÿùåííûå åé.

Íî âîò êàêîé íþàíñ. ß òîëüêî ÷òî âåðíóëñÿ èç Åâðîïû è äîëæåí ñêàçàòü, ÷òî Óêðàèíà òàì äàëåêî íå íà ïåðâûõ ïîëîñàõ. Íàøè ñîáûòèÿ ïåðååõàëè äàæå íå íà 10-ûå, à íà 15-ûå ïîëîñû, è òî ìû ïîïàäàåì òóäà, åñëè çäåñü îáèäÿò êîãî-òî èç èíñïåêòîðîâ ÎÁÑÅ.

×òî ãîâîðèòü î Åâðîïå, åñëè äàæå ó íàñ íà åæåãîäíîé ïðåññ-êîíôåðåíöèè ïðåçèäåíòà æóðíàëèñòû íå çàäàëè íè îäíîãî âîïðîñà î áåæåíöàõ, íè îäíîãî âîïðîñà î âîññòàíîâëåíèè ðàçáîìáëåííûõ îáëàñòåé. Äàæå çäåñü âîéíà íà Äîíáàññå — ýòî óæå íå íîâîñòü ¹1. È íóæíî îòäàòü äîëæíîå Ïàïå – îí ïîñòîÿííî â Åâðîïå ãîâîðèò âñëóõ îá Óêðàèíå.

— Äóìàåòå, ïóíêòîâ ¹ 25, 26, 27 âîîáùå ìîãëî íå áûòü?

— Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå, 10% òåêñòà Äåêëàðàöèè ïîñâÿùåíî Óêðàèíå. Äà, ó íàñ ïîãèáëî î÷åíü ìíîãî ëþäåé – áîëåå 9 òûñÿ÷. Íî â Ñèðèè – 220 òûñÿ÷. È âñ¸ æå 3 ïóíêòà èç 30 â Ñîâìåñòíîì çàÿâëåíèè Ïàïû è Ïàòðèàðõà ïîñâÿùåíî Óêðàèíå – ýòî î÷åíü ìíîãî.

 Óêðàèíå ñìîòðÿò íà ýòè ïóíêòû, è ñëîâà â íèõ íå íàõîäÿò îòçûâà â ñåðäöå. Âîåííûå äåéñòâèÿ íà Âîñòîêå – ýòî àãðåññèÿ îäíîé ñòðàíû ïðîòèâ äðóãîé: âîêðóã ýòîãî ìíåíèÿ îáúåäèíåíî áîëüøèíñòâî, è ëþäÿì õîòåëîñü áû âèäåòü â äåêëàðàöèè ÷åòêèå óêàçàíèÿ èìåííî íà ýòî.

Íî ïðåäñòàâüòå, åñëè áû âîîáùå íå áûëî ýòèõ ïóíêòîâ. Òîãäà âñ¸ ïðîèñõîäÿùåå – ïðîñòî âíóòðåííèé êîíôëèêò, âàøå ëè÷íîå äåëî…

Íå çíàþ, êòî íàñòîÿë íà òîì, ÷òîáû ýòè òðè ïóíêòà â Äåêëàðàöèè ïîÿâèëèñü, íî Óêðàèíà ñíîâà çàçâó÷àëà íà âåñü ìèð. Òåïåðü òðóäíî çàêðûâàòü ãëàçà íà ýòîò êîíôëèêò. È ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â äåêëàðàöèè Âàòèêàí óïîòðåáèë áû áîëåå æåñòêèå ôîðìóëèðîâêè, îçíà÷àëî áû, ÷òî âñòðå÷à íèêîãäà áû íå ñîñòîÿëàñü.

Íî ìåòîä äèïëîìàòèè Ïàïû äðóãîé. Îí ãîâîðèò: «ß ñòðîþ ìîñòû. Ìîñòû ñòðîÿòñÿ ñëîæíî». Åãî òèòóë – ïîíòèôèê – ïåðåâîäèòñÿ êàê «ìîñòîñòðîèòåëü». È îí ñòðîèò ýòè ìîñòû: «Ïóñòü ëþäè âñòðåòÿòñÿ, à òàì ïîñìîòðèì, ÷òî áóäåò».

Êòî-òî ñ÷èòàåò Ïàïó íàèâíûì. Íî ýòî Ïàïà, êîòîðûé ïåðåæèë äèêòàòóðó â Àðãåíòèíå. Ýòî Ïàïà, êîòîðûé çà íåñêîëüêî ëåò ñâîåãî ïîíòèôèêàòà âîññòàíîâèë äèïîòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó Êóáîé è ÑØÀ, ïðåðâàííûå â 1961 ãîäó. Âî âðåìÿ åãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ íà Êóáå ê íåìó ïðèåçæàëè âîþþùèå ñòîðîíû èç Êîëóìáèè ñ ïåðâûìè ïðîòîêîëàìè áóäóùåãî äîãîâîðà î ìèðå. È îí îáåùàë ïðèåõàòü â Êîëóìáèþ â 2017 ãîäó íà ïîäïèñàíèå ýòîãî ìèðíîãî äîãîâîðà. Ýòî Ïàïà, âî âðåìÿ ïðèåçäà êîòîðîãî â Öåíòðàëüíî-àôðèêàíñêóþ ðåñïóáëèêó âîþþùèå ñòîðîíû çàêëþ÷èëè ïåðåìèðèå íà äâà äíÿ, è ýòî ïåðåìèðèå äëèòñÿ äî ñèõ ïîð. Äàé Áîã, ÷òîáû ÿ áûë òàêèì íàèâíûì ÷åëîâåêîì…

Ïàïà – íå íàèâíûé, îí ðåàëüíî ñìîòðèò íà âåùè. Ñåãîäíÿ äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû èçìåíèòü ïîëîæåíèå â ìíîãîïîëÿðíîì ìèðå, íåäîñòàòî÷íî ïîåõàòü â Âàøèíãòîí. Íóæíî ðàçãîâàðèâàòü ñ Âàøèíãòîíîì, ñ Áåðëèíîì, ñ Ìîñêâîé, ñ Ïåêèíîì è íóæíî ïîíèìàòü öåííîñòü êàæäîãî îòäåëüíîãî íàðîäà.

Ïîýòîìó îí ñäåëàë êîìïëèìåíò Êóáå, ñêàçàâ, ÷òî åñëè òàê ïîéäåò äàëüøå, îíà ñòàíåò ñòîëèöåé åäèíñòâà. Äàæå ìàëåíüêèé íàðîä Êóáû èìååò ñâîþ öåííîñòü â èñòîðèè.

«ÓÊÐÀÈÍÀ ÄÎÑÒÎÉÍÀ ÒÎÃÎ, ×ÒÎÁÛ ÈÇÁÀÂÈÒÜÑß, ÍÀÊÎÍÅÖ, ÎÒ ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÀ ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ»

— Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ãëàâíàÿ ïðè÷èíà êðèòè÷åñêîãî îòíîøåíèÿ ê äåêëàðàöèè ñî ñòîðîíû óêðàèíñêîé îáùåñòâåííîñòè — íå ïðîçâó÷àëî òî, ÷òî ëþäè õîòåëè óñëûøàòü?

— Äà. È âòîðîå – ýòî êëþ÷, ñ êîòîðûì ïîäõîäÿò ê Äåêëàðàöèè.

Âî-ïåðâûõ, óïðîùåíèå. Äëÿ íàøåé ïðåññû î÷åíü ÷àñòî Ïàòðèàðõ è Êðåìëü — îäíî è òî æå.  Ìîñêâå ñóùåñòâóåò ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî ìåæäó ãîñóäàðñòâîì è Öåðêîâüþ, íî ýòî íå îçíà÷àåò êîíòðîëü. Âñòðå÷ó â Ãàâàíå íàâåðíÿêà Ðóññêàÿ Ïðàâîñëàâíàÿ Öåðêîâü îáñóæäàëà ñ Êðåìëåì, íî ïðèíÿë ðåøåíèå è ãîòîâèë âñ¸ íå Êðåìëü. Ýòî äîñòèæåíèå öåðêîâíîé äèïëîìàòèè.

Âî-âòîðûõ, íà äåêëàðàöèþ ñìîòðÿò ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ïîëèòèêè â ñàìîì óçêîì å¸ ïîíèìàíèè.

Êàê òîëüêî Ïàïà âûøåë ïîñëå áåñåäû ñ Ïàòðèàðõîì, îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî èõ âñòðå÷ó íóæíî ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê îáùåíèå äâóõ åïèñêîïîâ, äâóõ ïàñòûðåé, êîòîðûå çàáîòÿòñÿ î ñâîåé ïàñòâå.

Êëþ÷ ê ïîíèìàíèþ äåêëàðàöèè â òîì, ÷òî ýòî âñå-òàêè âñòðå÷à äâóõ äóõîâíûõ ëèäåðîâ. Äà, îíè î÷åíü ðàçíûå, è ýòî çàìåòíî ïî Äåêëàðàöèè. Âèäíî, ÷òî îòëè÷àåòñÿ ñòèëü îòäåëüíûõ ïóíêòîâ. ×òî-òî âû÷åðêèâàëè è çàáûëè ïîñòàâèòü çàïÿòóþ. Âèäåí êîìïðîìèññ, êîòîðûé áûë äîñòèãíóò.

Íî òî, ÷òî ïîìîãàåò ïîíÿòü Äåêëàðàöèþ – ýòî å¸ äóõîâíûé ñìûñë. Âñòðå÷àþòñÿ äâå Öåðêâè ñ îãðîìíîé òðàäèöèåé, çà ñïèíàìè êîòîðûõ ñòîëåòèÿ ñîáûòèé, òûñÿ÷è ìó÷åíèêîâ è ïåðåä ãëàçàìè êîòîðîé áóäóùåå. Ýòî Öåðêâè ñ ñîâðåìåííûìè ìó÷åíèêàìè, êàæäûé äåíü ãèáíóùèìè íà Áëèæíåì Âîñòîêå è íå òîëüêî. È Óêðàèíà â ýòè äâà ãîäà âîéíû òàêæå äàëà ïðèìåð ìó÷åíè÷åñòâà – îò ïðîòåñòàíòñêèõ äüÿêîíîâ äî ñâÿùåííèêîâ, ïîãèáøèõ âî âðåìÿ áîìáåæåê, ïîòîìó ÷òî íå îñòàâèëè ñâîþ ïàñòâó, îñòàëèñü òàì, çíàÿ, ÷òî ðèñêóþò ñâîåé æèçíüþ.

— Äàâàéòå ïîñìîòðèì íà òðè óêðàèíñêèõ ïóíêòà ñ ïàñòûðñêîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ. Êàê èõ ïîíèìàòü?

— Ìíå êàæåòñÿ, Óêðàèíà äîñòîéíà òîãî, ÷òîáû èçáàâèòüñÿ íàêîíåö îò êîìïëåêñà íåïîëíîöåííîñòè, ïåðåñòàòü áûòü îáúåêòîì äåéñòâèé è ïîïûòàòüñÿ ñòàòü ñóáúåêòîì.

Äåêëàðàöèÿ îòêðûâàåò âàæíûå èñòîðè÷åñêèå îêíà, êîòîðûå íóæíî è âàæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü. Îíà âûáèâàåò èç-ïîä íîã ïî÷âó ó ôóíäàìåíòàëèñòîâ ëþáîãî òîëêà.

Òîò, êòî âíèìàòåëüíî ÷èòàåò äåêëàðàöèþ è õîòü íåìíîãî èñïîëíÿåò òî, î ÷åì ïðîñÿò ïåðâîèåðàðõè, âûõîäèò çà ïðåäåëû ìûøëåíèÿ â óçêîíàöèîíàëüíîì êëþ÷å.

Êîãäà, íàïðèìåð, ïåðâîèåðàðõè óïîìèíàþò î ñòðàäàíèè äâóõ ìèòðîïîëèòîâ, ïîõèùåííûõ â Àëåïïî, è íàçûâàþò èõ èìåíà (îäèí èç íèõ ìèòðîïîëèò Ïàâåë – áðàò ïàòðèàðõà Àíòèîõèéñêîãî, à âòîðîé – íå ïðàâîñëàâíûé è íå êàòîëèê – Ìàð Ãðèãîðèé, ìèòðîïîëèò Ñèðèéñêîé Îðòîäîêñàëüíîé Öåðêâè), ýòî îòêðûâàåò èíîå ìèðîâîççðåíèå, ïîòîìó ÷òî ïîìîãàåò ïîíÿòü ñòðàäàíèå ëþäåé çà òåððèòîðèåé ìîåãî ìàëåíüêîãî ìèðà. Åñëè áû öåðêâè â Óêðàèíå íà÷àëè ìîëèòüñÿ îá ýòèõ ìó÷åíèêàõ, ýòî ïîìîãëî áû ïðèîáðåñòè ñèëû è ñàìèì ëþäÿì çäåñü ó íàñ.

Ïðîáëåìû, ïîäíÿòûå â äåêëàðàöèè, ñàìè ïî ñåáå ìîãóò îáúåäèíèòü.  òåêñòå ñêàçàíî î òîì, ÷òî èñòîðèÿ ïîñëåäíèõ ëåò îòêðûâàåò ìèðîâîççðåíèå, âûõîäÿùåå çà ðàìêè óçêîíàöèîíàëüíûõ èíòåðåñîâ, è óêàçûâàåò íà ïóíêòû ñîïðèêîñíîâåíèÿ è ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà ìåæäó ëþäüìè, êîòîðûå êàæóòñÿ àáñîëþòíûìè àíòàãîíèñòàìè.

Ïàïà è Ïàòðèàðõ ãîâîðÿò: ìû áðàòüÿ, à íå êîíêóðåíòû. È ãîâîðÿò ýòî â ïóíêòå î ãðåêî-êàòîëèêàõ è ïðàâîñëàâíûõ. Ýòî ìîæåò áûòü ïðÿìûì ïðèçûâîì ê âñòðå÷å. Ãðåêî-êàòîëè÷åñêàÿ öåðêîâü ñòàâèòñÿ â îäèí ðÿä ñ ïðàâîñëàâíûìè öåðêâÿìè, è çâó÷èò óâàæèòåëüíîå «ãðåêî-êàòîëèêè» âìåñòî óíè÷èæèòåëüíîãî «óíèàòû».

Êàæäûé ïóíêò – ýòî ïðèãëàøåíèå ê ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâó.

Îíè ãîâîðÿò î ñåìüå. Êîãäà ìû ãîâîðèì î çàùèòå òðàäèöèîííîé ñåìüè, ñåãîäíÿ å¸ óæå ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå ñóùåñòâóåò. ß ïðèíàäëåæó ê òîìó ïîêîëåíèþ, äëÿ êîòîðîãî ðàçâîä áûë ñòðàííûì. Ñåé÷àñ âûðàñòàåò òðåòüå ïîêîëåíèå, äëÿ êîòîðîãî óæå ðåäêîñòü æèòü ñ ïàïîé è ìàìîé — òå äàâíî â ðàçâîäå. Òðàäèöèîííóþ ñåìüþ íóæíî óæå íå çàùèùàòü, à âîññòàíàâëèâàòü.  ýòîì ñìûñëå íåîáõîäèìà âñòðå÷à öåðêâåé è ñîâìåñòíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü.

Äâà ïóíêòà ïîñâÿùåíû ìîëîäåæè. Äëÿ ìåíÿ âàæíû ñëîâà î òîì, ÷òî ïàñòûðè íåñóò îòâåòñòâåííîñòü çà âîñïèòàíèå ñâîèõ âåðóþùèõ â õðèñòèàíñêîì äóõå. Ïîñëå òîãî, êàê Ïàòðèàðõ è Ïàïà ñêàçàëè îá ýòîì, ñâÿùåííèê óæå íå ìîæåò îòìàõíóòüñÿ îò ìîëîäåæíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè òåì, ÷òî åãî íå ïîéìóò â ïðèõîäå.

Âñ¸ ýòî âûçîâû, êîòîðûå òðåáóþò ðåàëèçàöèè â àáñîëþòíî êîíêðåòíûõ óñëîâèÿõ Óêðàèíû.

«ÏÓÑÒÜ ÏÎÄÎÁÍÓÞ ÄÅÊËÀÐÀÖÈÞ ÏÎÄÏÈØÓÒ Â ÓÊÐÀÈÍÅ…»

 ýòîì ñìûñëå Çàÿâëåíèå äîëæíî äàòü ïóòè äëÿ ñáëèæåíèÿ ìåæäó Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Öåðêîâüþ è ãðåêî-êàòîëèêàìè. Ìîÿ ìå÷òà – ÷òîáû, ïîäîáíî âñòðå÷å â Ãàâàíå, è â Ñîôèè Êèåâñêîé ñîáðàëèñü ïåðâîèåðàðõ Óêðàèíñêîé Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Öåðêâè è ïåðâîèåðàðõ Ãðåêî-Êàòîëè÷åñêîé Öåðêâè. Ýòî áûë áû íåèìîâåðíûé øàã â ñòîðîíó îáúåäèíåíèÿ óêðàèíñêîãî îáùåñòâà, ÿâíûé çíàê òîãî åäèíñòâà, êîòîðîå åñòü â Óêðàèíå, âåäü ìû âñå — óêðàèíöû. Äåêëàðàöèÿ äàåò ôóíäàìåíò äëÿ ïîñòðîåíèÿ íàøåé îáùåé èäåíòè÷íîñòè, è îí øèðå è ãëóáæå, ÷åì ïðåäëàãàåìûé ñîâðåìåííûì îáùåñòâîì. Îíà äàåò èíîå ïîíèìàíèå íàöèîíàëüíîãî åäèíñòâà. Äëÿ íàñ, óêðàèíöåâ, ýòî øàíñ.

 ëèöå Ïàòðèàðõà Êèðèëëà è Ïàïû Ôðàíöèñêà âåðóþùèå â Óêðàèíå ïðèîáðåëè î÷åíü ñèëüíûõ ñîþçíèêîâ. Ìåíÿ òåïåðü íå áóäóò óïðåêàòü çà òî, ÷òî ÿ ñôîòîãðàôèðîâàëñÿ ñ êàòîëèêàìè, ïîòîìó ÷òî äàæå Ïàòðèàðõ ñôîòîãðàôèðîâàëñÿ ñ Ïàïîé.

Äóìàþ, ìû äîëæíû âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ýòèì èñòîðè÷åñêèì îêíîì — íà÷èíàÿ îò ìîëèòâû î ãîíèìûõ õðèñòèàíàõ â ìèðå. Âíåñòè ýòó ìîëèòâó â åêòåíüþ, ÷òîáû â êàæäîì õðàìå ïîìèíàëè íîâîìó÷åíèêîâ è ïðåñëåäóåìûõ õðèñòèàí ïî âñåìó ìèðó — ïî÷åìó íåò?

Ìû ìîæåì èíèöèèðîâàòü ìíîæåñòâî ïðîåêòîâ ïî êàæäîìó ïóíêòó Ñîâìåñòíîãî çàÿâëåíèÿ. ×åì áîëüøå áóäåò òàêèõ èíèöèàòèâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ìîëîäåæüþ, ñ ñåìüåé, òåì áûñòðåå ïðåîäîëååì òî ðàçäåëåíèå, êîòîðîå ñóùåñòâóåò ó íàñ ïî ðåëèãèîçíîìó ïðèíöèïó.

Íàøà Óêðàèíñêàÿ Ïðàâîñëàâíàÿ Öåðêîâü ãîðäèòñÿ ñòàòóñîì êàíîíè÷åñêîé, íî êàíîíè÷íîñòü ýòî, ïðåæäå âñåãî, îòâåòñòâåííîñòü. Áûòü Öåðêîâüþ, ïðèçíàâàåìîé âî âñåì ìèðå, îçíà÷àåò âëàäåòü òîé ñèëîé äóõà, êîòîðàÿ çàñòàâëÿåò îáùåñòâî èçìåíÿòüñÿ. Ýòî òðåáóåò îòâåòñòâåííîñòè, òðåáóåò îò êàæäîãî èç íàñ æèòü êàæäûé äåíü òàêèì äóõîì.

È ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî íàøà Öåðêîâü, êàê ñàìàÿ áîëüøàÿ, êàê ñàìàÿ ñèëüíàÿ, ìîãëà áû áûòü ëèäåðîì â ýòîì, âûñòóïèòü èíèöèàòîðîì ñîâìåñòíûõ äåéñòâèé, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëèëè áû äóõó äåêëàðàöèè ñòàòü ðåàëüíîñòüþ — êîíêðåòíûìè ïëàíàìè è êîíêðåòíûìè äåëàìè â îáùåñòâå.

Áåñåäó âåëà Þëèÿ Êîìèíêî

Ïðàâîñëàâèå â Óêðàèíå

Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè: 19.02.2016

+++

Ðóáðèêè:  Ïðîöåññ: ÔÎÐÌÀ ÎÁÙÅÍÈß Â ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒÅ?
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ
A. Ëþäñüêà äóìêà ³ ìîâà
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß
Ïðîöåññ: ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß - ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé
Ïðîöåññ: ÑÎÁÛÒÈß,ÔÀÊÒÛ,ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÛ,ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ
ÓÊÐÀ²ÍÀ - ÐÎÑ²ß - ÁªËÀÐÓÑÜ
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ ³ Íå ðîññèéñêèé ìèð
Ðóññêèé - ÈÑÊÎÍÍÎÅ + ðîññèéñêèé: íåî - èìïåðñêîå, ñòðåìÿùååñÿ ïîãëîòèòü Ðóññêîå è Óêðàèíñêîå è ïðî÷àÿ, è ïðî÷àÿ, è ïðî÷àÿ......
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (1)

Pope Francis meets Patriarch Kirill in Cuba

Âòîðíèê, 23 Ôåâðàëÿ 2016 ã. 01:50 + â öèòàòíèê
https://www.facebook.com/ma...2981074870

 

+++

Despite famine, religious wars, worldwide conflict and the spread of civilization, the heads of the Roman Catholic and the Russian Orthodox churches haven't spoken since the Great Schism of 1054 shattered Christendom, so they had a lot of catching up to do when they sat down for their historic meeting Friday afternoon in Cuba.

Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill embraced and kissed one another three times on the cheek as they met in the wood-paneled VIP room at Havana's José Martí International Airport. The two church leaders then proceeded to a pair of straight-backed chairs turned at angles.

After another round of handshakes for the cameras and greetings with members of their entourages, the two men sat and began talking. Clasping their hands in their laps, both occasionally gestured and nodded as they spoke. They held a two-hour "personal conversation" and then signed a joint declaration.

"We are brothers," Francis said as he embraced Kirill in the small, wood-paneled VIP room of Havana's airport, where the three-hour encounter took place.

"Now things are easier," Kirill agreed as he and the pope exchanged three kisses on the cheek. "This is the will of God," the pope said.

In the 30-point statement, the two leaders declared themselves ready to take all necessary measures to overcome their historical differences, saying "we are not competitors, but brothers."

Francis and Kirill also called for political leaders to act on the single most important issue of shared concern between the Catholic and Orthodox churches today: the plight of Christians in Iraq and Syria who are being killed and driven from their homes by the Islamic State group.

"In many countries of the Middle East and North Africa, entire families of our brothers and sisters in Christ are being exterminated, entire villages and cities," the declaration said.

The split between the two churches nearly 1,000 years ago has festered over issues such as the primacy of the pope and accusations by the Russian Orthodox Church that the Catholic Church tries to poach converts in Russia.

No pope has ever visited Russia. En route to the historic visit Friday, journalists asked Francis if a visit to the nation is on his papal bucket list. “China and Russia, I have them here,” Francis said, pointing to his heart. “Pray.”

Few people expect Friday's meeting — which took two years of secret planning to pull off — will wipe away centuries of distrust and suspicion in a few hours, but it will be a groundbreaking step toward Catholic-Orthodox relations.
Pope Francis gets a special gift while on a plane from Rome to Havana before a week-long trip to Mexico. Alessandro di Meo, Getty

In announcing the visit last week, both sides issued a statement saying it “will mark an important stage in relations between the two churches."

Ecclesiastical and theological disputes, including issues such as the communion wafer and papal supremacy led to a break between the Greek East and Latin West, giving rise to two separate churches — Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic — after 1054.

Starting in the 15th century, the Russian Orthodox Church became an increasingly independent church that remains in communion with the Eastern Orthodox but does not report to it.

The Catholic Church claims 1.2 billion faithful worldwide. About two-thirds of the world’s Orthodox Christians belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi said. About 75% of Russia’s 144 million citizens call themselves Russian Orthodox, according to the latest polls, although only a fraction say they are observant.

One important issue drawing the two churches closer is the rise of Christian persecution in the Middle East and Africa. Metropolitan Illarion, foreign policy chief of the Russian Orthodox Church, said recently that the treatment of Christians by extremists in the Middle East, in northern and central Africa and in other regions requires "immediate action."

“In this tragic situation, we need to put aside internal disagreements and pool efforts to save Christianity in the regions where it is subject to most severe persecution,” Illarion said.

Another factor changing the landscape is the rise of Russia on the world stage, and the growing influence of the Russian Orthodox Church in the country under President Vladimir Putin and since the fall of the Soviet Union and collapse of communist rule.

"To have the Roman pope, with his internationally recognized authority, not as a critic but as an ally or at least simply as a neutrally silent figure, is highly attractive to Putin and his associates," said Yury Avvakumov, assistant professor of theology at the University of Notre Dame.

"The Moscow Patriarchate has always been an instrument of Russian international policy. Today, the Moscow Patriarchate, with its established international ties, remains an effective transmitter worldwide of the political interests of the Russian rulers."
In a 2012 file photo, Russian Orthodox patriarch Kirill

In a 2012 file photo, Russian Orthodox patriarch Kirill chats with Russian President in the St. Daniel Monastery in Moscow. (Photo: Yana Lapikova, AP)

Under Francis, the Vatican has encouraged continuing ecumenical ties with the Orthodox as well as other Christian denominations. In November 2014, Francis said he told Kirill: “I’ll go wherever you want. You call me and I’ll go.”

The Vatican has been especially solicitous to Russia, especially in largely sidestepping criticism of Moscow's role in the Ukraine conflict.

The issue is particularly knotty for the Catholic Church, as it touches on the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the country’s second-largest, which follows eastern church rites but answers to the Holy See. The Russian Orthodox Church has considered western Ukraine its traditional territory and has resented papal influence there.

Cardinal Kurt Koch, the head of the Vatican office that deals with Orthodox relations, said the Ukrainian church will certainly come up in the two-hour private talk between Francis and Kirill, the Associated Press reported. “It would be impossible to meet without discussing such issues,” he told Vatican Radio. But he said the future significance of the meeting could not be overstated.

“It will certainly forge relations within Orthodoxy: We still don’t have contact with a lot of Orthodox patriarchs, and this meeting could help develop intra-Orthodox relations,” he said. “Improved understanding between Rome and Moscow will certainly have positive effects on the theological dialogue.”

For his part, Kirill, since taking the helm in 2009, has overseen closer ties between the church and Kremlin that critics dismiss as the de facto merging of the state and the church. Putin has openly courted the church, noting his mother baptized him in secret as a child, even allegedly keeping it from his father, a low-level Communist party member at the workshop level.

In a 2013 documentary, Putin said the baptism "affected me personally and our family." He has described the church as a vehicle for uniting the Russian people.

"In this sense, the meaning of the church goes beyond the boundaries of the Russian Federation, it helps us to establish good relations with the peoples of other countries, and especially the post-Soviet space, and, of course, the church is performing a very constructive, positive role here," Putin added.

The patriarch, who arrived in Cuba on a formal visit Thursday, also met with Cuban President Raul Castro on Friday. It was the fourth meeting between the pair, according to the Russian state-owned Tass news agency. Alexander Volkov, the patriarch’s spokesman, said relations between the two men has been "long and good."

Castro also greeted the Pope Friday on the tarmac at the airport.

CONTRIBUTING: Associated Press

http://www.usatoday.com/…/pope-francis-patriarch-…/80278172/

 

 
Video shows the moment Pope Francis meets with Patriarch Kirill in an historic meeting with the head of the Russian Orthodox Church
TELEGRAPH.CO.UK
 
 

+++

Ðóáðèêè:  Ïðîöåññ: ÔÎÐÌÀ ÎÁÙÅÍÈß Â ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒÅ?
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ
A. Ëþäñüêà äóìêà ³ ìîâà
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
AUDIO - & - VIDEO - & - FOTO
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß
Ïðîöåññ: ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß - ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé
Ïðîöåññ: ÑÎÁÛÒÈß,ÔÀÊÒÛ,ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÛ,ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.

Êîììåíòàðèè (0)

Christian-Jewish dialogue - 2015-12-10 Vatican Radio - See comments - Part 1

Ïîíåäåëüíèê, 22 Ôåâðàëÿ 2016 ã. 23:48 + â öèòàòíèê
liveinternet.ru/users/paul_...385171708/

( http://nashe.orbita.co.il/blogs/users/Agata/58027 )
+
( http://newrezume.org/news/2016-02-20-13249 )
++
Åâðåè è ñîâðåìåííîå õðèñòèàíñòâî
-----

Íà äíÿõ Âàòèêàí îáíàðîäîâàë ïðîãðàììíûé äîêóìåíò, ãäå âïåðâûå çàôèêñèðîâàí îôèöèàëüíûé îòêàç îò ìèññèîíåðñêîé ðàáîòû ñðåäè èóäååâ. Îòíûíå åâðåè – ñîãëàñíî êàòîëè÷åñêîé äîêòðèíå – åäèíñòâåííûé íàðîä íà Çåìëå, íå íóæäàþùèéñÿ äëÿ ñïàñåíèÿ äóøè â «áëàãîé âåñòè» õðèñòèàíñòâà. Ïîëó÷àåòñÿ, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî èóäåè íå âåðÿò â Èèñóñà, êàòîëè÷åñêèå áîãîñëîâû ïðèçíàþò ñïàñåíèå åâðååâ «òåîëîãè÷åñêè áåññïîðíûì» è îáúÿâëÿþò ýòîò âîïèþùèé ïàðàäîêñ «íåðàçðåøèìîé áîæåñòâåííîé òàéíîé». Ìîë, åñëè Âñåâûøíèé îáåùàë ñïàñòè åâðååâ, îí ñàì ñïðàâèòñÿ ñ ýòîé çàäà÷åé – áåç ïîìîùè õðèñòèàí.

Ýòîò ðåâîëþöèîííûé øàã â ðàçâèòèè õðèñòèàíñêîé òåîëîãèè áûë ïðèóðî÷åí ê 50-ëåòèþ Nostra Aetate – äåêëàðàöèè Âòîðîãî Âàòèêàíñêîãî ñîáîðà, íà êîòîðîì áûëî â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè ïåðåñìîòðåíî îòíîøåíèå êàòîëè÷åñòâà ê èóäàèçìó è îñóæäåíû ïîïûòêè íàñèëüñòâåííîãî êðåùåíèÿ åâðååâ.

Íàïîìíèì, ÷òî äî 1960-õ ãîäîâ êàæäóþ Ñòðàñòíóþ ïÿòíèöó åâðååâ îáâèíÿëè â «âåðîëîìñòâå», ÷èòàé – ðàñïÿòèè, è ýòî îáâèíåíèå áûëî èçúÿòî èç ëèòóðãèè èìåííî Âòîðûì Âàòèêàíñêèì ñîáîðîì, îáúÿâèâøèì, ÷òî «çàâåò ìåæäó Á-ãîì è åâðåÿìè ïðîäîëæàåò äåéñòâîâàòü». Òåïåðü æå Ïàïñêèé ïðåñòîë ñäåëàë ñëåäóþùèé øàã, îáúÿâèâ èçëèøíèì è äîáðîâîëüíîå ïðèîáùåíèå åâðååâ ê õðèñòèàíñêîé âåðå.

Äîêóìåíò ïîä íàçâàíèåì «Äàðû (ò. å. äàðû åâðåÿì) è ïðèçâàíèå Á-æüå áåçâîçâðàòíû» ñîäåðæèò ðÿä âàæíûõ ïîñûëîâ.  ÷àñòíîñòè, îòìå÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî õðèñòèàíå íå ìîãóò áûòü àíòèñåìèòàìè, ïîñêîëüêó èõ ðåëèãèÿ óõîäèò êîðíÿìè â èóäàèçì. Áîëåå òîãî, íà íåäàâíåé âñòðå÷å ñ åâðåéñêèìè ðåëèãèîçíûìè ëèäåðàìè ïàïà Ôðàíöèñê çàÿâèë, ÷òî àíòèñåìèòèçìîì ÿâëÿþòñÿ íå òîëüêî íàïàäêè íà åâðååâ, íî è âûñòóïëåíèÿ ïðîòèâ Èçðàèëÿ.

Âñ¸ ýòî íå îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî â îòíîøåíèÿõ ìåæäó èóäàèçìîì è Ðèìîì íå îñòàëîñü ïðîáëåì – îíè åñòü. Òàê, íàïðèìåð, äî ñèõ ïîð íå îáíàðîäîâàíû äàííûå î åâðåéñêèõ äåòÿõ, ñïàñåííûõ êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêîâüþ â ãîäû Õîëîêîñòà è íå âîçâðàùåííûõ â åâðåéñêóþ îáùèíó – íà ðàññåêðå÷èâàíèè ýòîé èíôîðìàöèè íàñòàèâàþò åâðåéñêèå îðãàíèçàöèè.

Íî â öåëîì Ñâÿòîé ïðåñòîë äåëàåò âñ¸ âîçìîæíîå äëÿ äèàëîãà ñ åâðåÿìè – èìåííî îò êàòîëè÷åñêèõ òåîëîãîâ èñõîäèëà èíèöèàòèâà îòìå÷àòü âî âñåì ìèðå Äåíü èóäàèçìà, ÷òîáû «ïîä÷åðêíóòü åâðåéñêèå êîðíè õðèñòèàíñòâà è ñîäåéñòâîâàòü õðèñòèàíñêî-èóäåéñêîìó äèàëîãó».

 íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàíàõ, âêëþ÷àÿ Èòàëèþ, Àâñòðèþ, Íèäåðëàíäû è Ïîëüøó, óæå ñóùåñòâóåò ïîäîáíûé äåíü. Åãî ïðîâîäÿò 17 ÿíâàðÿ. Åãî ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ âêëþ÷àþò â ñåáÿ íàó÷íûå êîíôåðåíöèè è äèñêóññèè ïî îòíîøåíèÿì ìåæäó èóäåÿìè è õðèñòèàíñêèìè öåðêâÿìè, ñåìèíàðû ïî òðàäèöèÿì èóäàèçìà, êîíöåðòû åâðåéñêîé íàöèîíàëüíîé ìóçûêè, âûñòàâêè è äðóãîå.

Îñîáåííîñòè ïðîâåäåíèÿ "Äíÿ èóäàèçìà" â ðàçíûõ ñòðàíàõ äîëæíû îïðåäåëèòü ìåñòíûå Åïèñêîïñêèå êîíôåðåíöèè, ïîñêîëüêó îòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêîâüþ è èóäàèçìîì â ðàçíûõ ñòðàíàõ ñêëàäûâàþòñÿ ïî-ðàçíîìó.

(Èç Ìèõàèëà Ãîëüäà.)

Áîëüøèíñòâî ïðîòåñòàíòñêèõ öåðêâåé è òå÷åíèé äàâíî îòêàçàëèñü îò àíòè-åâðåéñêîé ðèòîðèêè. Êàòîëè÷åñêàÿ öåðêîâü ìåäëåííî è ïîñòåïåííî äâèæåòñÿ â òîì æå íàïðàâëåíèè, òåïåðü óæå ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî åþ ïðîéäåíà áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ïóòè.

À ÷òî æå ïðîèñõîäèò â ïðàâîñëàâíûõ öåðêâÿõ, ïðåæäå âñåãî â ÐÏÖ? Ïðåáûâàþò âñ¸ â òîé æå ïîçèöèè çëîáû è íåòåðïèìîñòè, âêëþ÷àÿ ïîääåðæêó êðîâàâîãî íàâåòà îá óïîòðåáëåíèÿ åâðåÿìè êðîâè õðèñòèàíñêèõ ìëàäåíöåâ? (ß èìåþ â âèäó ïîêëîíåíèå ïîíòèôèêà ÐÏÖ Êèðèëëà-Ãóíäÿåâà ìîùàì Ãàâðèèëà Áåëîñòîêñêîãî "óìó÷åííîãî æèäàìè").
+++

Paul V. Lashkevichhttps://ru.wikipedia.org/.../%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0...
 
Ãàâðèè́ë Áåëîñòî́êñêèé èëè Ãàâðèè́ë Çàáëó́äîâñêèé (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ Ãàâðèè́ë Ïåòðî́âè÷ Ãîâäåëü;…
RU.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
 
LikeReplyRemove Preview1 min

 

+++

Ðóáðèêè:  Ïðîöåññ: ÔÎÐÌÀ ÎÁÙÅÍÈß Â ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒÅ?
ÁÎÃ: ÐÀÇÓÌ-ÆÈÇÍÜ-ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÑÎÖÈÓÌ
À. Îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ðåêîìåíäóþ - Paul_V_Lashkevich
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ,ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ,ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ,ÒÐÓÄ
ÌÎËÈÒÂÀ
A. Ëþäñüêà äóìêà ³ ìîâà
ÁÎÃ: â åäèíñòâå - ÁËÀÃÎÄÀÒÜ è ÇÀÊÎÍ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÎÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Îáúåêò - Ñëóæèòåëü - Âåðíûé - Îáðÿä
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÄÅßÍÈß
Ïðîöåññ: ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈß - ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒ
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅ èíäèâèäóàëüíî è ãðóïïîé
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ ÐÀÇÓÌÍÛÉ: ÌÀÒÜ - îòåö - áëèæíèå - ÐÎÄÈÍÀ
Ïðîöåññ: ÑÎÁÛÒÈß,ÔÀÊÒÛ,ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÛ,ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß
×ÅËÎÂÅÊ: ÂÛÁÎÐ - ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - ÎÒÂÅÒÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ
ÁÎÃÎÐÎÄÈÖÀ - ÏÐÅÑÂßÒÀß - ÏÐÈÑÍÎÄÅÂÀ - ÌÀÐÈß
ß1._ÌÎÈ ÇÀÏÈÑÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß2._ÖÈÒÀÒÛ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
ß3._ÑÑÛËÊÈ ÌÎÅÃÎ ÄÍÅÂÍÈÊÀ
Ðåëèãèÿ - ÐÀÑÊÎËÜÍÈÊÈ - ÅÐÅÒÈÊÈ - ÈÍÎÂÅÐÖÛ
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - Messe pour la liberté religieus
ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ ³ Íå ðîññèéñêèé ìèð
Ðóññêèé - ÈÑÊÎÍÍÎÅ + ðîññèéñêèé: íåî - èìïåðñêîå, ñòðåìÿùååñÿ ïîãëîòèòü Ðóññêîå è Óêðàèíñêîå è ïðî÷àÿ, è ïðî÷àÿ, è ïðî÷àÿ......
ÐÅËÈÃÈß - ÓÊÐÀÈÍÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÍÀß ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
Âàæëèâå ïðî ïî䳿 â Óêðà¿íñüê³é Ïðàâîñëàâí³é Öåðêâ³ - ³ñòîð³ÿ òà ñó÷àñí³ñòü - ïðîãíîçè.


 Ñòðàíèöû: 49 48 [47] 46 45 ..
.. 1