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Äíåâíèê |
 êîììåíòàðèÿõ îñíîâíîé è äàííîé ñòàòüè åñòü ññûëêè íà ïóáëèêàöèè ïî òåìå
Ñâÿòûå ìåñòà Ãðóçèè: æåíñêèé ìîíàñòûðü â Áîäáå |
Æåíñêèé ìîíàñòûðü â Áîäáå (Ãðóçèÿ)
Ìîíàñòûðü Áîäáå íàõîäèòñÿ â 2-õ êì. îò ã. Ñèãíàõè, îê. ñ. Êåäåëè. Ïî ñâåäåíèþ ãðóçèíñêîé ëåòîïèñè «Îáðàùåíèå Êàðòëè», ïîñòðîéêà öåðêâè íàä ìîãèëîé ñâ. Íèíû îòíîñèòñÿ êî âðåìåíè öàðñòâîâàíèÿ ñâ. áëãâ. öàðÿ Ìèðèàíà: îñíîâàâ çäåñü æåíñêèé ìîíàñòûðü, öàðü ïîæåðòâîâàë åìó ìíîãî ñåëåíèé è çåìåëü.

Öàðñêàÿ äèíàñòèÿ Êàõåòè è Êàðòëè îñîáî çàáîòèëàñü î ìàòåðèàëüíîì îáåñïå÷åíèè è áëàãîñîñòîÿíèè ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ìîæíî ïîëàãàòü, ÷òî äî 30-õ ãã. XIII â. Áîäáèéñêèé ìîíàñòûðü îñòàâàëñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíûì õðèñòèàíñêèì öåíòðîì Ãðóçèè. Ñ 30-õ ãã. XIII â. ïî XV â. ñâåäåíèé î ìîíàñòûðå íå ñîõðàíèëîñü, ÷òî ñâÿçàíî ñ âòîðæåíèÿìè ìîíãîëîâ è ñèëüíûì ðàçðóøåíèåì êàê åïàðõèè, òàê è ìîíàñòûðÿ.  XV â., ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîãî öàðñòâà Êàõåòè, Áîäáå âíîâü îáðåë áûëóþ ñëàâó ðåëèãèîçíîãî öåíòðà. Îäíàêî, óæå â XVI â. ïîëîæåíèå âíîâü ðåçêî óõóäøèëîñü â ñâÿçè ñ èðàíñêîé ýêñïàíñèåé, ÷òî ïðèâåëî ê óïðàçäíåíèþ æåíñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ.
Íî ïðàâÿùàÿ äèíàñòèÿ âñåãäà ïðîÿâëÿëà îñîáóþ çàáîòó î Áîäáå - ñâîèì ïîïå÷åíèåì èçâåñòíû öàðè Ëåâàí (1520-1574), Àëåêñàíäð II (1574-1605), Òåéìóðàç I (1606-1616, 1634-1648), Àð÷èë II (1664-1675), Òåéìóðàç II (1709-1715, 1733-1744, 1744-1762), Èðàêëèé II (1744-1762, 1762-1798), Ãåîðãèé XII (1688-1703), à òàêæå äðóãèå ÷ëåíû öàðñêîé ñåìüè – öàðåâè÷ Òåéìóðàç, âíóê öàðÿ Ëåâàíà, öàðåâíà Åëåíà (ñåñòðà Èðàêëèÿ II) è öàðèöà Êåòåâàí (æåíà Ãåîðãèÿ XII), ÷òî ïðîÿâëÿëîñü â ïîæàëîâàíèè äðàãîöåííîé öåðêîâíîé óòâàðè, ðóêîïèñåé è êíèã, óêðåïëåíèè è âîçîáíîâëåíèè ìîíàñòûðñêèõ öåðêâåé è ïîìåùåíèé, â îñâîáîæäåíèè îò ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî íàëîãîîáëîæåíèÿ, äàðîâàíèè ñåë è çíà÷èòåëüíûõ çåìåëüíûõ âëàäåíèé.
Ïî ñâåäåíèþ íåìåöêîãî ó÷åíîãî è ïóòåøåñòâåííèêà Èîãàííà Ãþëäåíäøòåäòà, êî âðåìåíè ïîñåùåíèÿ èì Áîäáå â 1772 ã. çäåñü óæå äåéñòâîâàëà ìóæñêàÿ îáèòåëü, óïðàçäíåííàÿ ïîñëå êîí÷èíû ïîñëåäíåãî áîäáåëè Èîàííà (Ìàêàøâèëè) â 1837 ã. 7 ìàÿ 1889 ã., ïî õîäàòàéñòâó íàñåëåíèÿ Êàõåòè, ðîññèéñêèé èìïåðàòîð Àëåêñàíäð III èçäàë óêàç î âîçîáíîâëåíèè æåíñêîé îáèòåëè ñâ. Íèíû, êîòîðàÿ áûëà òîðæåñòâåííî îñâÿùåíà àðõèìàíäðèòîì Íèêîëàåì (Ìèêåëàäçå) ïî îñîáîìó áëàãîñëîâåíèþ Ýêçàðõà Ãðóçèè Ïàëëàäèÿ (Ðàåâà). Ïî ñâèäåòåëüñòâó åï. Êèðèîíà (Ñàäçàãëèøâèëè), àêòèâíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü èãóìåíèè Þâåíàëèè âñêîðå âûâåëà ìîíàñòûðü â ÷èñëî ñàìûõ êðóïíûõ ìîíàñòûðåé Ãðóçèè: íà âîçîáíîâëåíèå ìîíàñòûðñêîãî êîìïëåêñà áûëî èñòðà÷åíî 110 300 ðóáëåé, ïîæåðòâîâàííûõ íàñåëåíèåì Êàõåòè, â ðàñïîðÿæåíèå ìîíàñòûðÿ áûëî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî 150 äåñÿòèí ïàõîòíîé çåìëè è ðûáíàÿ ëîâëÿ ïî ð. Àëàçàíè íà 25-âåðñòíîì ðàññòîÿíèè. Áûëè âîññòàíîâëåíû öåðêîâü, ó÷èëèùíûé êîðïóñ, íàñòîÿòåëüñêèé äîì, äîì ìîíàñòûðñêîãî äóõîâåíñòâà, çäàíèÿ äëÿ ñåñòåð, ñòðàííîïðèèìíèöà, îãðàäà, ðàçíûå õîçÿéñòâåííûå ïîñòðîéêè è ïîäâîðüå â Òèôëèñå. Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî â îáèòåëè ÷èñëèëîñü 6 èëè 7 íàñåëüíèö èç Ðîññèè, íî â ñêîðîì âðåìåíè ÷èñëî ïîäâèçàþùèõñÿ âîçðîñëî äî 200.
Ïî ñâåäåíèþ Ä. Ïóðöåëàäçå, åùå âî âðåìÿ ïðåäñòîÿòåëüñòâà àðõèåïèñêîïà Áîäáèéñêîãî Âàñèëèÿ ïðè Áîäáèéñêîì ìîíàñòûðå â 1617 ã. áûëà ó÷ðåæäåíà øêîëà, â êîòîðîé ïîìèìî öåðêîâíûõ ïðåäìåòîâ ïðåïîäàâàëèñü òàêæå è ñâåòñêèå íàóêè: ôèëîñîôèÿ, ôèçèêà, ãåîìåòðèÿ. Ýòà øêîëà áûëà ïðåäìåòîì îñîáîé çàáîòû áîäáåëè; ïîñëå âõîæäåíèÿ Ãðóçèè â ñîñòàâ Ðîññèè îíà áûëà ïðåîáðàçîâàíà â 3-õêëàññíîå äóõîâíîå ó÷èëèùå, êîòîðîå èç-çà ìàëî÷èñëåííîñòè ó÷åíèêîâ â 1838 ã. áûëî ñëèòî ñ Òåëàâñêèì. Îê. 1889 ã. ïðè Áîäáèéñêîì õðàìå áûëà îñíîâàíà ìîíàñòûðñêàÿ øêîëà ñ ðóêîäåëüíûì è ðèñîâàëüíûì îòäåëåíèÿìè.
Áîäáèéñêèé ìîíàñòûðü âëàäåë áîãàòîé áèáëèîòåêîé. Ïî ñâåäåíèþ Ä. Ïóðöåëàäçå, èç Áîäáèéñêîãî êíèãîõðàíèëèùà ïî ðàñïîðÿæåíèþ Ãðóçèíî-Èìåðåòèíñêîé Ñèíîäàëüíîé êîíòîðû Òèôëèññêîé Äóõîâíîé Ñåìèíàðèè áûëî ïåðåäàíî (ïðèáë. 70-å ãã. ÕIÕ â.) 40 äðåâíèõ ðóêîïèñåé, à 12 áûëè îñòàâëåíû â ìîíàñòûðñêîì êíèãîõðàíèëèùå. Ï. Èîññåëèàíè è Ä. Ïóðöåëàäçå ïåðå÷èñëÿþò îñîáî ïðèìå÷àòåëüíûå èç íèõ: «×èí îñâÿùåíèÿ öåðêâè» (XVI â.), «Ìåñÿ÷íàÿ ìèíåÿ» (XVI â.), «Òðåáíèê» (XVII â.), «Øåñòîäíåâ» Âàñèëèÿ Âåëèêîãî (XVII â.), «Òèïèêîí» 1756 ã., ìèíèàòþðíîå ãðóçèíñêîå «×åòâåðîåâàíãåëèå», âåðîÿòíî, ðåäàêöèè ñâ. Åâôèìèÿ Ñâÿòîãîðöà, â çîëîòîì ïåðåïëåòå, ïîæåðòâîâàííîå öàðåâè÷åì Ãåîðãèåì (ñûíîì Èðàêëèÿ II) â 1776 ã. (à ñàìî Åâàíãåëèå êàêîé äðåâíîñòè?- âåðîÿòíî, ðåäàêöèè Ãåîðãèÿ Ñâÿòîãîðöà), «Åâàíãåëèå» íà ãðóçèíñêîì ÿçûêå, íàïå÷àòàííîå â Ìîñêâå è áîãàòî óêðàøåííîå (XVIII â.), êðàòêèé «Òðåáíèê» (XVIII â.), «Òîëêîâàíèÿ» Åâàíãåëèÿ îò Ìàòôåÿ (2 ýêç.) è Åâàíãåëèÿ îò Èîàííà, ïîæåðòâîâàííûå áîäáåëè Îíóôðèåì, «Ñëîâà» Ãðèãîðèÿ Áîãîñëîâà è «Ìàðòèðèêà» Êàòîëèêîñà-Ïàòðèàðõà Àíòîíèÿ I, ïîäàðåííûå ìîíàñòûðþ Èîàííîì (Ìàêàøâèëè). Ïîìèìî öåðêîâíîé ëèòåðàòóðû, áèáëèîòåêà îáëàäàëà òàêèìè òðóäàìè, êàê «Ãðóçèíñêàÿ ãðàììàòèêà» Êàòîëèêîñà-Ïàòðèàðõà Àíòîíèÿ I, «Ãóçèíñêèé ëåêñèêîí», «Ðèòîðèêà» è äð. (âñå óòåðÿíî â ñîâåòñêèå ãîäû ïîñëå íàöèîíàëèçàöèè öåðêîâíîãî èìóùåñòâà).
Ï. Èîññåëèàíè è Ä. Ïóðöåëàäçå òàêæå ïðèâîäÿò ïåðå÷åíü, òàêæå óòåðÿííûõ è ñîõðàíèâøèõñÿ ëèøü â îïèñàíèè èñòîðèêîâ, íàèáîëåå çàìå÷àòåëüíûõ ïðåäìåòîâ öåðêîâíîé óòâàðè Áîäáèéñêîé îáèòåëè: ýòî áîëüøîé íàïðåñòîëüíûé ïîçîëî÷åííûé ñåðåáðÿíûé êðåñò äðåâíåãî ñòèëÿ, ïîæåðòâîâàííûé íåèçâåñòíûì ëèöîì â 1627 ã., èêîíà Áîæèåé Ìàòåðè ðóññêîé ðàáîòû, ïîæåðòâîâàííàÿ Ãåîðãèåì XII â 1776 ã., åãî æå äàð â 1740 ã. - ïîçîëî÷åííûé ñåðåáðÿíûé êðåñò; êðåñò, óêðàøåííûé äðàãîöåííûìè êàìíÿìè äëÿ íîøåíèÿ ïåðåä àðõèåðååì; äðàãîöåííûé êðåñò ñ èçîáðàæåíèåì äâåíàäöàòè Ãîñïîäíèõ ïðàçäíèêîâ, èçÿùíî âûðåçàííûé èç ñëîíîâîé êîñòè, èíêðóñòèðîâàííûé çîëîòîì ñ ìàññèâíîé ïîäíîñêîé è óêðàøåííûé 28 ÿõîíòàìè, 76 èçóìðóäàìè, 10 àëìàçàìè è äð. êàìíÿìè, ïîæåðòâîâàííûé áîäáåëè Èîàííîì (Ìàêàøâèëè) â 1834 ã.; î÷åíü öåííîå ñåðåáðÿíîå ïàíèêàäèëî, ïîæåðòâîâàííîå öàðåâíîé Åëåíîé â 1779 ã. Èç àðõèåðåéñêèõ ïàíàãèé îñîáî çàìå÷àòåëüíû ïàíàãèÿ ñ èçîáðàæåíèåì Ñïàñèòåëÿ, óêðàøåííàÿ ÿõîíòàìè è àëìàçàìè, è ïàíàãèÿ ñ èçîáðàæåíèåì äâóãëàâîãî îðëà, óêðàøåííàÿ àëìàçîïîäîáíûìè, ïî âûðàæåíèþ èññëåäîâàòåëåé, êàìíÿìè.
Ïîñëå ðåâîëþöèè ìîíàñòûðü áûë çàêðûò.  1995 ã. Ñâÿùåííûé Ñèíîä Ãðóçèíñêîé Öåðêâè ïðèíÿë ðåøåíèå îá îáíîâëåíèè öåðêâè ñâ. Íèíû, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì Êàòîëèêîñ-Ïàòðèàðõ Ãðóçèè Èëèÿ II áëàãîñëîâèë íà÷àòü àðõåîëîãè÷åñêèå ðàñêîïêè, âî âðåìÿ êîòîðûõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû: ñîñóä ìàëîãî ðàçìåðà ñ íàäïèñüþ XVII â., ôðàãìåíòû ôàÿíñîâîãî ñîñóäà ñ ãîëóáûì îðíàìåíòîì XI-XII ââ., ìåäíûé ñîñóä ñ íàäïèñüþ î åãî ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè åïèñêîïó Èîàííó Áîäáèéñêîìó, ÷àøà ñ ðàçíîöâåòíûì îðíàìåíòîì, ïî ñòèëþ è òåõíèêå âûïîëíåíèÿ ñõîæàÿ ñ âîñòî÷íî-ãðóçèíñêîé êåðàìèêîé I â., êîëîêîë, äàòèðîâàííûé ñðåäíèìè âåêàìè. Íàéäåííûå ïðåäìåòû õðàíÿòñÿ â öåðêâè ñâ. Íèíû.
Àðõåîëîãè÷åñêèå ðàñêîïêè òàêæå âûÿâèëè, ÷òî ïðåäàíèå, ðàññêàçàííîå â 1920 ã. èãóìåíèåé ìîíàñòûðÿ Âà÷íàäçå î ïåðåíåñåíèè ìîùåé ñâ. Íèíû èç ïðèäåëà ïîä ïðåñòîë ãëàâíîé öåðêâè, ïðåäïðèíÿòîå èç áîÿçíè îñêâåðíåíèÿ èõ ëåçãèíàìè, íå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè. Òàêæå áûëà îáíàðóæåíà ñòàðàÿ òðàïåçíàÿ, ñîñòîÿùàÿ èç äâóõ ÷àñòåé è ñõîæàÿ ïî ôîðìå ñ íèæíåé òðàïåçíîé, õàðàêòåðíîé äëÿ ãðóçèíñêîãî çîä÷åñòâà IX-X ââ., ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëîæèòü î åå ñîâðåìåííîñòè îñíîâàíèþ öåðêâè. Àðõåîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ íå çàâåðøåíû è â äàëüíåéøåì áóäóò ïðîäîëæàòüñÿ.
 óùåëüå íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå îò ìîíàñòûðÿ íàõîäèòñÿ èñòî÷íèê ñâ. Íèíû («Íèíîñ öêàðî») ñ öåëåáíîé âîäîé.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ òàì ïîñòðîåíû êóïàëüíÿ è ìàëåíüêàÿ öåðêîâü âî èìÿ ðîäèòåëåé ñâ. Íèíû, ñâÿòûõ Çàâóëîíà è Ñóñàííû.
Áîäáèéñêèé êàôåäðàëüíûé ñîáîð âî èìÿ ñâÿòûõ Ãåîðãèÿ Ïîáåäîíîñöà è Íèíû Áîäáèéñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ – òðåõíåôíàÿ áàçèëèêà IX â., âûñòðîåííàÿ èç êèðïè÷à, ñ âûâåäåííûìè òðàâåðòèíîì óãëàìè è ïðîåìàìè. Êîðîòêèé âûñîêèé íàîñ, ðàçäåëåííûé íà íåôû âñåãî îäíîé ïàðîé ñòîëïîâ ñ âîñòîêà çàâåðøàåòñÿ òðåõ÷àñòíûì àëòàðåì ñ òðåìÿ âûñòóïàþùèìè íà ôàñàäå àïñèäàìè, íà çàïàäå æå – íàðòåêñîì. Ìîùè ñâ. Íèíû ïîêîÿòñÿ â íåäîñòóïíîé íûíå êðèïòå ïîä þãî-âîñòî÷íûì, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì äèàêîííèêó ïîìåùåíèåì. Öåíòðàëüíûé ïðåñòîë ïîñâÿùåí ñâ. Ãåîðãèþ Ïîáåäîíîñöó, à þæíûé ïðèäåë, ãäå áûëà ïîãðåáåíà ñâÿòàÿ – ñâ. Íèíå.
Öåðêîâü áûëà ñèëüíî ïåðåäåëàíà è èçìåíåíà ðåñòàâðàöèåé ÕIÕ â., ÷òî çíà÷èòåëüíî çàòðóäíÿåò âîññîçäàíèå åå ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîãî îáëèêà. Îñíîâûâàÿñü íà ñâåäåíèÿõ ñðåäíåâåêîâîãî ãðóçèíñêîãî õðîíèêà Âàõóøòè Áàãðàòèîíè, ðÿä ó÷åíûõ (Ï. Èîññåëèàíè, À. Õàõàíîâ, Ä. Áàêðàäçå, åï. Êèðèîí Ñàäçàãëèøâèëè) âîçäâèæåíèå öåðêâè íàä ìîãèëîé ñâ. Íèíû ñâÿçûâàþò ñ èìåíåì öàðÿ Áàêàðà; ïî ìíåíèþ À. Õàõàíîâà, ïåðâûé êàìåííûé õðàì íà ýòîì ìåñòå áûë ïîñòðîåí öàðåì Âàõòàíãîì Ãîðãàñàëè, íà ÷òî ïðÿìîãî óêàçàíèÿ â èñòî÷íèêàõ, îäíàêî, íåò. Ã. ×óáèíàøâèëè ðàçäåëÿåò ìíåíèå î äðåâíîñòè õðàìà, ïðåäïîëàãàÿ, ÷òî ÷àñîâíþ íàä ìîãèëîé ïîçäíåå âêëþ÷èëè â ïëàí âñåé áàçèëèêè, ñäåëàâ èç íåå þæíûé ïðèäåë. Ò. î., áîäáèéñêàÿ áàçèëèêà óäåðæàëà âíåøíèé ïîëóêðóã àïñèä, êàê îí î÷åâèäíî, áûë ïðèìåíåí â ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîé öåðêâè.
Õðàì íåîäíîêðàòíî ïîäâåðãàëñÿ ðåñòàâðàöèè. Ïåðâîå ñâåäåíèå î âîçîáíîâëåíèè îòíîñèòñÿ ê XII â.: ñîãëàñíî ëàïèäàðíîé íàäïèñè ýòîãî âðåìåíè â çàïàäíîì óãëó þæíîãî ôàñàäà, íåêèé Ãåîðãèé âî âðåìÿ öàðñòâîâàíèÿ ñûíà ñâ. áëãâ. öàðÿ Äàâèäà Ñòðîèòåëÿ öàðÿ Äèìèòðèÿ (1125-1156) âîçîáíîâèë Áîäáèéñêèé õðàì. Ñëåäóþùåå âîññòàíîâëåíèå ïîâðåæäåííîãî ïåðñèäñêèì íàøåñòâèåì êîìïëåêñà, ïî èìåþùèìñÿ èñòîðè÷åñêèì èñòî÷íèêàì, áûëî ïðîâåäåíî öàðåì Òåéìóðàçîì I îê. 1631 ã., êîãäà çäàíèå ïî âñåìó ïåðèìåòðó áûëî îáíåñåíî êëàäêîé.
Ïîñëå ýòîãî âîññòàíîâèòåëüíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïðîâîäèëèñü ïî èíèöèàòèâå åïèñêîïà Áîäáèéñêîãî Èîàííà â 1823 ã., î ÷åì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò íàäïèñü íàä çàïàäíûì âõîäîì öåðêâè. Öåðêîâü áûëà ñíàáæåíà íîâîé óòâàðüþ, áûëè âîçîáíîâëåíû âðàòà ìîíàñòûðÿ, âîçâåäåíû êóïîëüíûå ïîðòèêè è ëîæíûé êóïîë öåðêâè, óäàëåííûå âî âðåìÿ ðåñòàâðàöèè 1986-1989 ãã. (òîãäà æå áûëè ñáèòû è îáëèâíûå êèðïè÷è XVII â. ïî çàïàäíîìó ôàñàäó), õðàì áûë ðàñïèñàí ñöåíàìè èç Âåòõîãî Çàâåòà (ñâîäû ñòåíû ñðåäíåãî íåôà), Ñòðàñòåé Ãîñïîäíèõ (íàðòåêñ, àëòàðü), ×óäåñ è Ïðèò÷ Õðèñòà (ñðåäíèé íåô), Ñòðàøíîãî Ñóäà (çàïàäíàÿ ñòåíà ñðåäíåãî íåôà è ñåâåðíûé íåô), æèòèéíûìè öèêëàìè ñâ. Ãåîðãèÿ (ñðåäíèé íåô) è ñâ. Íèíû (þãî-âîñòî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü êàïåëëû), èçîáðàæåíèÿìè îòäåëüíûõ ñâÿòûõ è ïîðòðåòîì Áîäáèéñêîãî åïèñêîïà Èîàííà. Ñöåíû èç öèêëà Ãîñïîäíèõ ïðàçäíèêîâ (êðîìå Ñîøåñòâèÿ Ñâÿòîãî Äóõà â êîíõå àëòàðÿ) áûëè ïåðåíåñåíû íà ñîçäàííûé â òî æå âðåìÿ èêîíîñòàñ.
Ðîñïèñè Áîäáå ÿâëÿþòñÿ íàèáîëåå âûäàþùèìñÿ ïðîèçâåäåíèåì æèâîïèñè XVIII - íà÷àëà XIX ââ., ÿâëÿþùåé ñîáîé çàâåðøàþùèé ýòàï ñðåäíåâåêîâîãî èçîáðàçèòåëüíîãî èñêóññòâà Ãðóçèè, äëÿ êîòîðîãî õàðàêòåðíî âñå áîëåå ñèëüíîå âîçäåéñòâèå íîâîåâðîïåéñêîãî èñêóññòâà è â òî æå âðåìÿ ñîõðàíåíèå òðàäèöèé ïðàâîñëàâíîé èêîíîïèñè è ñâîåîáðàçíûõ íàöèîíàëüíûõ ÷åðò.
 òîì æå 1823 ã. åïèñêîïîì Èîàííîì áûëî ïîñòðîåíî íîâîå äâóõýòàæíîå êàìåííîå çäàíèå, ãäå áûëà óñòðîåíà íåáîëüøàÿ äîìîâàÿ öåðêîâü ñ èêîíîñòàñîì, âîçîáíîâëåííûì ïîïå÷åíèåì àðõèìàíäðèòà Ìàêàðèÿ íà ñðåäñòâà ñ. Ñàðàäæîâà â 1859 ã. Ïî äàííûì Ä. Ïóðöåëàäçå, â 1857 ã. àðõèìàíäðèòîì Ìàêàðèåì áûëà ïåðåêðûòà êðûøà öåðêâè, à ñòåíû ïîáåëåíû ñíàðóæè.  1862 ã. áûëà íà÷àòà ïîñòðîéêà 3-õýòàæíîé êèðïè÷íîé êîëîêîëüíè, êîòîðàÿ áûëà çàâåðøåíà íàñòîÿòåëåì öåðêâè èåðîìîíàõîì Íèêîëàåì (Ìèêåëàäçå) â 1885 ã. Êîëîêîëà, à òàêæå ìíîãî öåííûõ èêîí ñòàðàíèåì Ì. Ñàáèíèíà áûëè ïîæåðòâîâàíû ðàçíûìè ëèöàìè Ìîñêâû è äðóãèõ ãîðîäîâ Ðîññèè.
 öåðêâè ïîä ñïóäîì ïî÷èâàþò ìîùè ñâ. Ïðîñâåòèòåëüíèöû Ãðóçèè - îäíà èç âåëè÷àéøèõ ñâÿòûíü Ãðóçèíñêîé Öåðêâè. Âèäèìî, íàðÿäó ïðîâåäåíèåì ðåñòàâðàöèîííûõ ðàáîò â 1823 ã. áûëî ñîçäàíî è íàäãðîáíîå èçîáðàæåíèå ñâ. Íèíû, ñêðûòîå â êîíöå XIX â. ìðàìîðíûì íàäãðîáèåì ñ èçîáðàæåíèåì ñâÿòîé, ñîçäàííûì ïîïå÷åíèåì Ì. Ñàáèíèíà. Âîçâåäåííûé íà ýòîì ìåñòå 27 ÿíâàðÿ 1997 ã., â äåíü ñâ. Íèíû, íà ñðåäñòâà ãðóçèíñêèõ ôóòáîëèñòîâ áðàòüåâ Àðâåëàäçå è áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîé îðãàíèçàöèè «Òåòðè Ìàíäèëè» íîâûé íàäãðîáíûé ìðàìîðíûé ïàìÿòíèê èç Êàïïàäîêèè, ðîäèíû ñâÿòîé, âíîâü îòêðûë ýòó ðîñïèñü.
Íàäãðîáèå ìîãèëû ñ äðåâíîñòè óêðàøàëî ïîêðûâàëî ñ èçîáðàæåíèåì ñâÿòîé, èçÿùíî âûøèòîå çîëîòîì. Ïî ñâåäåíèþ Ï. Èîññåëèàíè, îäíî èç ëó÷øèõ òàêèõ ïîêðûâàë – äàð ñâîåé òåçîèìåíèòîé ñâÿòîé îò êíÿæíû Íèíû ×àâ÷àâàäçå-Ãðèáîåäîâîé.
 Áîäáèéñêîì õðàìå òàêæå õðàíèëñÿ óòåðÿííûé íà ñåé äåíü ìèçèíåö ñâ. Ïåðâîìó÷åíèêà Ñòåôàíà â ìàëîì çîëîòîì êîâ÷åæöå ñ íàäïèñüþ 1620 ã.: «Ìû, Äèàñàìèäçå Áîäáèéñêèé Åâäåìîñ, îêîâàëè ìèçèíåö ñåé ñâ. Ñòåôàíà â ñâÿòîå ïðåäñòàòåëüñòâî çà íàñ è äíåé íàøèõ äîëãîäåíñòâèÿ». Ïî ñâèäåòåëüñòâó Ï. Èîññåëèàíè, íà êîâ÷åæöå áûëî âûêîâàíî èçîáðàæåíèå ñâ. Ñòåôàíà. Ñóùåñòâóåò ïðåäàíèå, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó ýòà ñâÿòûíÿ áûëà ïðèíåñåíà â Ãðóçèþ îäíèì èç 13-òè ñèðèéñêèõ îòöîâ ñâ. Ñòåôàíîì Õèðññêèì, îñíîâàâøèì Õèðññêèé ìîíàñòûðü.
Áîäáèéñêèé õðàì ÿâëÿåòñÿ óñûïàëüíèöåé: çäåñü ïîãðåáåíû öàðåâíà Åëåíà (+ 1786), ìèòðîïîëèò Áîäáèéñêèé Êèðèëë (Äæîðäæàäçå), óáèòûé ëåçãèíàìè â 1792 ã., Ýêçàðõ Ãðóçèè Ôåîôèëàêò (Ðóñàíîâ), çàáîëåâøèé ïðè îáîçðåíèè öåðêâåé Êàõåòè (+ 1821), ìèòðîïîëèò Áîäáèéñêèé Èîàíí (Ìàêàøâèëè) (+ 1837).
 1995-1997 ãã. â õðàìå áûëè ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå ðàáîòû, âûÿâèâøèå ôðàãìåíòû îêðàøåííîé øòóêàòóðêè (êàêîãî âðåìåíè?) è ðàñïèñàííûé ïðåñòîë XVII â. â þãî-âîñòî÷íîì ïðèäåëå. Êðîìå òîãî, â ìàññèâå ïðåñòîëà ãëàâíîãî àëòàðÿ áûë îáíàðóæåí êàìåííûé ðåçíîé ïðåñòîë IX â.
Èñòî÷íèê: http://www.st-nikolas.orthodoxy.ru/news/bodbe.html
Ìåòêè: Ñâÿòûå ìåñòà Ïðàâîñëàâèå Ãðóçèÿ æåíñêèé ìîíàñòûðü Áîäáå |
1. jewing them down - on - www.urbandictionary.com_Ñëîâåñíûé ðîäíè÷îê - |
Äíåâíèê |
Urban Dictionary is the dictionary you wrote. Define your world
6,316,458 definitions since 1999 Guaranteed Left
December 26 205 up, 145 down
http://www.urbandictionary.com/
When you creep your way into an intersection with the intention to turn left, yet there is no end to oncoming traffic in sight.
This way, when the light eventually turns red, you are guaranteed the quick left turn in the short delay between oncoming traffic stopping and the crossing traffic going.
"Traffic was really heavy and the green arrow had already disappeared, so rather than wait through a whole new light cycle, I made the guaranteed left."
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by Pilotguy44 share this Christmahanukwanzakah
December 25 2406 up, 1717 down
A holiday celebrating multicultural beliefs and traditions. A product of a politically correct work environment.
Happy Christmahanukwanzakah to all!
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by Abysmal share this christmas eve eve
December 23 3346 up, 3465 down
December 23rd, the day before Christmas eve.
In order to avoid the Christmas eve rush, everybody does their last minute Christmas shopping on Christmas eve eve, the result being that December 23rd is the busiest shopping day of the year.
I never realised the insanity of Christmas eve eve until I worked in retail.
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by Darth Ridley share this Holiday Eve
December 22 2272 up, 4517 down
The day before a company holiday when employees are inclined to do as little work as possible.
Bob: "Rick, can you get me the TPP report today?"
Rick: "No, not today. Today is Holiday Eve and I'm not trying to do a lot of work today. Maybe next week."
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by HK All Day share this classic as fuck
December 21 3040 up, 4606 down
Something that is extremely timeless and will never get old.
Duder 1: "Ha ha I can't believe he stepped on that burning bag full of dog shit."
Duder 2: "I know, that trick is classic as fuck."
Duder 1: "All right, let's go, we got 15 more houses to hit."
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by westfalia share this nowhere story
December 20 4174 up, 5128 down
A tale or recount of an event or events that doesn't ever reach a particular point or meaning.
Duder 1: "So the other day I went into Foot Locker and saw a girl working there so I thought it was Lady Foot Locker, but it turns out it wasn't."
Duder 2: "Wow dude, thanks for that nowhere story."
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by westfalia share this Computer
December 19 11102 up, 6545 down
a machine for downloading porn
"oh no, the computer broke, i ejaculated all over the keyboard"
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by anonymous share this « Previous 1
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http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=jewing%20them%20down
1. jewing them down 41 up, 20 down
To barter with someone until you get want you want for much less than it costs in the first place.
mainly found at flea markets or spanish markets.
A: "the pig costs $10" - : "Ñâèíüÿ ñòîèò $ 10"
B: "I'll give you $5." - "ß äàì âàì $ 5."
A: "$8"
B: "$7"
A: "$7.50"
B: "$6"
A: "Sold" - : "Ïðîäàíî"
B Walks Away. - B óõîäèò.
B: "I got my pig. Yeeeeeeah. See son, that's called 'Jewing Them Down'"
_Â: «ß ïîëó÷èë ìîþ ñâèíüþ Yeeeeeeah Ñìîòðèòå ñûíà, ÷òî íàçûâàåòñÿ" Jewing èõ âíèç ".."
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http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=jewish&page=3
15. Jewish 380 up, 915 down
A gay term used to describe something as "stupid" or "retarded"
_Ãåé òåðìèí èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ òî, êàê "ãëóïûå" èëè "îòñòàëûõ"
Tom: "Wow, that sub today was so
wierd."
Òîì: "Óõ òû, ÷òî ê þãó ñåãîäíÿ áûëî òàê
ñòðàííî. "
Bob: "I know, she was hella jewish."
_Áîá: «ß çíàþ, îíà áûëà åâðåéñêîé Hella".(ãðå÷åñêîé åâðåéêîé)
16. Jewish 406 up, 1017 down
As of, or pertaining to stupidity.
_Êàê, èëè , îòíîñÿùèõñÿ ê ãëóïîñòè.
My phone has been so jewish latley (late) , it won't send texts.
_Ìîé òåëåôîí òàê ïî - åâðåéñêè çàïàçäûâàåò, îí íå áóäåò îòñûëàòü òåêñòû.
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jewing
......................
Jewing it up
.......................
jewing me
Jewing Out
Jewing power
jewing them down
jewington
Jewinit
Jewink
Jewip
jewirish
Jewis
Jewish
.............(No......)
Jewish
Jewish Albatross
Jewish American Princess
jewish American Princess
jewish american princess
Jewish anal cumspot
Jewish Ass Oreo's
jewish ass rape
Jewish Asshole
Jewish Bagel
jewish balls
jewish bank roll
jewish bankroll
Jewish Bankroll
Jewish barber
jewish bath
jewish bbq
jewish billiards
jewish blessing
Jewish Blowjob
jewish bonanza
jewish breadcutter
Jewish brillo
Jewish bump
Jewish Burrito
jewish butt sex
Ìåòêè: www.urbandictionary.com jewing them down |
Cozza & Cozze â ïîëèòèêå - íå ïðîñòûå óñòðèöû |
cozze-parlamento -Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ Äóìà - Âåðõîâíà Ðàäà
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Cozza day-Êîççà äåíü - Äåíü Óñòðèöû - åñòü ëè çàæðàâøèåñÿ è îæèðåâøèå ïîëèòèêè â cozze-parlamento?

Picture - http://www.beppegrillo.it/2011/09/cozza_day_istru/index.html
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Cozza day-Êîççà äåíü - ê Ïüÿööà Íàâîíà
Cozza day - verso piazza navona
Çàãðóæåíî ïîëüçîâàòåëåì StaffGrillo , äàòà: 10.09.2011
íåò îïèñàíèÿ
Êàòåãîðèÿ:
Íîâîñòè è ïîëèòèêà
Òåãè:
10 settembre 350.000 firme cozza day monte citorio parlamento pulito roma
Ëèöåíçèÿ:
Ñòàíäàðòíàÿ ëèöåíçèÿ YouTube
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http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Cozza
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1. Cozza 22 up, 4 down
Italian expression used to describe a girl particularly ugly.
_Èòàëüÿíñêîå âûðàæåíèå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ äåâóøêà Îñîáåííî íåêðàñèâî.
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Use "cozze" if they are a herd.
Sorry mate, I can't go out with your sister, she's really a cozza.
_Èñïîëüçóéòå "ìèäèè", åñëè îíè ñòàäà.
Èçâèíè ïðèÿòåëü, ÿ íå ìîãó ïîéòè ñ òâîåé ñåñòðîé, îíà äåéñòâèòåëüíî ìèäèÿ.
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cozza - ìèäèÿ(Ital.)
Oddio dovevi essere proprio ubriaco ieri sera,
hai ballato tutto il tempo con quella cozza terribile.
_Àõ, òû âû äîëæíû áûòü äåéñòâèòåëüíî ïüÿíû â÷åðà âå÷åðîì,
Âñå âðåìÿ âû òàíöåâàëè ñ ìèäèåé óæàñíî.
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ugly girl cesso nice italian cozza cozze coza coze
by quicksilv3r Apr 14, 2009 share this add a video
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2. Cozza 3 up, 1 down
British English slang (In South / South East) for the police - similar to the term Rozza
hurry up mate the fucking cozza are coming
_òîðîïèñü ïîìîùíèê, ãðåáàíûé Êîççà èä¸ò
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police cop cozza rozza cozze popo old bill pigs
by AndrewtheBold Apr 21, 2011 share this add a video
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3. Cozza 18 up, 25 down
A name given to a fat jew called Matt.
_Ïðîçâèùå äàííîå æèðíîìó åâðåþ ïî èìåíè Ìýòò
"Hey
there goes Cozza.
Man
has fat
and looks like
has
got downs syndrome" (hes- â îðèãèíàëå)
_"Ýé,
òàì èäåò Êîççà.
÷åëîâåê
èìååò æèð
è âûãëÿäèò êàê (-áóäòî)
(åñòü)
ïîëó÷èë ñèíäðîìîì Äàóíà "(HES-â îðèãèíàëå)
buy cozza mugs & shirts
cozza cohen cozza leh jewish fat down syndrome
by Magic Miaggi Oct 21, 2007 share this add a video
Ìåòêè: Ïîëèòèê - óñòðèöà cozze-parlamento Cozza day Cozza - ìèäèÿ Cozze - ìèäèè ugly girl óðîäëèâàÿ äåâóøêà ïîëèöåéñêèé Cozza - ìèäèÿ - æèðíûé ÷åëîâåê |
Ýëåãèÿ 12 APOLLO CÆLESTIS Àïîëëîí Íåáåñíûé |
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Æóðíàë Ñîòðóæåñòâà Àñàòðó "Ãüÿëëàðõîðí", ïåðâûé íîìåð. Ñàìûé ïåðâûé. :)
Àíîíñ:Æóðíàë Ñîäðóæåñòâà Àñàòðó ïîñâÿùåí îáçîðó ñîâðåìåííîãî äâèæåíèÿ Àñàòðó â Ðîññèè è áëèæàéøåì çàðóáåæüå, à òàêæå èñòîðèè, êóëüòóðå è äóõîâíîé òðàäèöèè äîõðèñòèàíñêèõ íàðîäîâ Ñåâåðà Åâðîïû è Ðîññèè. Æóðíàë ðàçðàáàòûâàåòñÿ íà îáùåñòâåííûõ íà÷àëàõ è âûïóñêàåòñÿ ÷åòûðå ðàçà â ãîä.  Éîëüñêîì íîìåðå âàñ æäóò óíèêàëüíûå ïåðåâîäû òåêñòà èç êíèãè Our Troth, ñòàòüè ïî ðóíàì, èñòîðèÿ àñàòðó, îáçîð Àëüòèíãà 2011, ñïèñîê îáùèí è îðãàíèçàöèé Àñàòðó, êàðòèíû è ñòèõè òâîð÷åñêèõ ïðèâåðæåíöåâ Òðàäèöèè, à òàêæå ìíîãîå äðóãîå!
Êóðàòîð ïðîåêòà è ãëàâíûé ðåäàêòîð - Ñèãóðä Ãîäè (ãîäîðä Ñêèäáëàäíèð. Ìîñêâà)
Äèçàéíåð - Ñèãâàëüä Ãîäè (ãîäîðä Ðàãíàð. Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã)
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Êîððåêòîð - Ñèãðèä (Êèåâ)
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Öåíà áåç ó÷åòà äîñòàâêè 8,47$ (äîñòàâêà ïî Óêðàèíå 3$, 5$ - êóðüåðîì â ðóêè). Îïëàòà â ìåñòíîé âàëþòå.
Çàêàçàòü æóðíàë ìîæíî çäåñü. ÷èòàòü äàëüøå
Îãëàâëåíèÿ èç ãëàâðåäà ÿ ïîêà íå âûáèëà, çíàþ òîëüêî, ÷òî âíóòðè åñòü ñòàòüÿ Ä.Ïàêñîí î Ôðèãã â ïåðåâîäå [J]Rogveles[/J] , Ñèãâàëüäà, ãîäè îáùèíû Ðàãíàð, ïðî èñòîðèþ Àñàòðó, ìîè ìàëîóäà÷íûå "Èñëàíäñêèå Áóêè", îò÷åò î ïîñëåäíì Àëüòèíãå...
È ìàëåíüêàÿ ñåíñàöèÿ - ïåðåâîä íåèçâåñòíîãî îòðûâêà "Ìîëüáû Áóñëû"èç "Ñàãè î Áîñè è Õåððàóäå"! :) Ïðè÷åì ïåðåâîä íå ñ ïðîñòî ñ èñëàíäñêîãî òåêñòà, à ñ íîâîèñëàíäñêèõ ðóí. Åñòü íåêîòîðûé øàíñ, ÷òî ýòîãî åù¸ âîîáùå íèêòî íå äåëàë, âî âñÿêîì ñëó÷àå â Ñåòè è ëèòåðàòóðå ññûëîê íå âèäåëà.
Òàê ÷òî î÷åíü-î÷åíü ãîðæóñü Òèìîì Ñòðèäìàíîì. Íó è íåìíîæêî ñîáîé.
÷èòàòü äàëüøå
Ñòàòüþ ïðî ñóäüáó â ñàãàõ ñ ýïèãðàôîì èç Ýãîíà Áîðíà çëîáíàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ çàâåðíóëà, ìîòèâèðóÿ òåì, ÷òî äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ ñàãè ýòè íàäî õîðîøî çíàòü. Íó-íó. Æóðíàë çàïëàíèðîâàí â ôîðìå àëüìàíàõà 4 ðàçà â ãîä, è ïîñìîòðþ ÿ, ÷òî áóäåò ëåòîì, êîãäà ïèøóùèé íàðîä ðàçúåäåòñÿ... Òåðïåíèå - ìóäðîñòü íå òîëüêî êèòàéñêàÿ, çíàåòå ëè.
Ïîëó÷ó æóðíàë â ðóêè - âûëîæó îãëàâëåíèå è ïðîïèàðþ â Ñåâåðíîé Òðàäèöèè.
P.S. Ãðóïïà Ãüÿëëàðõîðí âÊîíòàêòå. Çäåñü ìîæíî çàäàâàòü âîïðîcû, äàâàòü ñîâåòû, íàçûâàòü òåìû, êîòîðûå õîòåëîñü áû óâèäåòü â áëèæàéøèõ íîìåðàõ. È îòòóäà æå ìîæíî ñòó÷àòüñÿ â ðàáî÷óþ ãðóïïó æóðíàëà, è ïðåäëàãàòü ñâîè âåùè äëÿ ïå÷àòè. :)
Ìåòêè: Æóðíàë Ñîäðóæåñòâà Àñàòðó "Ãüÿëëàðõîðí" òðàäèöèè äîõðèñòèàíñêèõ íàðîäîâ íàðîäîâ Ñåâåðà Åâðîïû è Ðîññèè. |
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Æèçíü ìåæäó æèçíÿìè |

Ýêñòðàñåíñ ñìîòðèò íà ôîòîãðàôèè íå çíàêîìûõ åìó ëþäåé è áåçîøèáî÷íî îïðåäåëÿåò, æèâû ýòè ëþäè èëè íåò.
Îáúÿñíÿåò, ÷òî íà ôîòîãðàôèè ÷åëîâåêà, åñëè îí æèâ, âèäíî êàê áû ñâå÷åíèå. Ýòî ñâå÷åíèå ñëàáååò, êîãäà ÷åëîâåê óìèðàåò, åùå ñèëüíåå ñëàáååò íà òðåòèé äåíü, åùå ñèëüíåå íà äåâÿòûé äåíü è îêîí÷àòåëüíî ãàñíåò íà ñîðîêîâîé äåíü.
×òî ïðîèñõîäèò ïðè ýòîì ñ ñàìîé äóøîé?
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Òóðèíñêàÿ Ïëàùàíèöà - íå ïîääåëêà |
Èòàëüÿíñêèå ó÷åíûå ïðîâåëè íîâîå èññëåäîâàíèå Òóðèíñêîé ïëàùàíèöû, ñîîáùàåò Ìàðêî Òîçàòòè â ìàòåðèàëå, îïóáëèêîâàííîì íà ñàéòå ãàçåòû La Stampa.
"Enea, Íàöèîíàëüíîå àãåíòñòâî ïî íîâûì òåõíîëîãèÿì, ýíåðãèè è óñòîé÷èâîìó ýêîíîìè÷åñêîìó ðàçâèòèþ Èòàëèè, îïóáëèêîâàëî äîêëàä î ïÿòè ãîäàõ èññëåäîâàíèé Òóðèíñêîé ïëàùàíèöû. Ó÷åíûå ïûòàëèñü ïîíÿòü, êàê íà ëüíÿíîé òêàíè Ïëàùàíèöû òàê ÷åòêî îòïå÷àòàëîñü èçîáðàæåíèå. Ó÷åíûå òàêæå ïîñòàâèëè ïåðåä ñîáîé çàäà÷ó îïðåäåëèòü, êàêèå ôèçè÷åñêèå è õèìè÷åñêèå ïðîöåññû ìîãóò ïðèâåñòè ê âîçíèêíîâåíèþ òàêîãî òèïà îêðàøèâàíèÿ ïîëîòíà, êàê íà Òóðèíñêîé ïëàùàíèöå", - ïèøåò èçäàíèå.
"Ó÷åíûå (Äè Ëàööàðî, Ìóððà, Ñàíòîíè, Íèêåëàòòè è Áàëäàêêèíè) èñõîäèëè èç ïîñëåäíåãî è åäèíñòâåííîãî ïîëíîãî èçó÷åíèÿ ïîëîòíà, îñóùåñòâëåííîãî ãðóïïîé àìåðèêàíñêèõ ó÷åíûõ STURP (Shroudof Turin Reasearch Project)", - ñîîáùàåò Ìàðêî Òîçàòòè.
" ðåçóëüòàòå ñîáñòâåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé èòàëüÿíñêèå ó÷åíûå ïîëíîñòüþ îïðîâåðãëè óòâåðæäåíèå, ÷òî Òóðèíñêàÿ ïëàùàíèöà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ïîääåëêîé.  äîêëàäå ãîâîðèòñÿ: "Äâîéíîå èçîáðàæåíèå, ôðîíòàëüíîå è çàäíåå, ÷åëîâåêà, ïîäâåðãàâøåãîñÿ èñòÿçàíèÿì è ðàñïÿòèþ, êîòîðîå ïðîñìàòðèâàåòñÿ íà ëüíÿíîé òêàíè Òóðèíñêîé ïëàùàíèöû, îáëàäàåò ìíîãî÷èñëåííûìè íåîáû÷íûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè, õèìè÷åñêèìè è ôèçè÷åñêèìè, êîòîðûå â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íåâîçìîæíî âîñïðîèçâåñòè â ëàáîðàòîðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, íåâîçìîæíîñòü ïîâòîðåíèÿ (à çíà÷èò, è ôàëüñèôèêàöèè) èçîáðàæåíèÿ íà ïëàùàíèöå íå ïîçâîëÿåò ñôîðìóëèðîâàòü äîñòîâåðíóþ ãèïîòåçó î ìåõàíèçìå ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ îòïå÷àòêà. Ýòî ïðàâäà, ñåãîäíÿ íàóêà íå â ñîñòîÿíèè îáúÿñíèòü, êàêèì îáðàçîì íà Ïëàùàíèöå îáðàçîâàëñÿ îòïå÷àòîê òåëà", - ñîîáùàåò àâòîð ñòàòüè.
"Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå îòïå÷àòêà íà Ïëàùàíèöå - íåèçâåñòíî. Ýòî è ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñóòüþ òàê íàçûâàåìîé "òàéíû Òóðèíñêîé ïëàùàíèöû", - ãîâîðÿò ó÷åíûå. Ïîä êàïëÿìè êðîâè íåò èçîáðàæåíèÿ. Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî ñëåäû êðîâè ïîÿâèëèñü íà òêàíè äî ïîÿâëåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, èçîáðàæåíèå ñôîðìèðîâàëîñü ïîçäíåå. Êðîìå òîãî, âñå êðîâÿíûå ïÿòíà èìåþò ÷åòêèå î÷åðòàíèÿ, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî òåëî íå ñíèìàëîñü ñ ïðîñòûíè. Êðîìå òîãî, íà òêàíè îòñóòñòâóþò ñëåäû ðàçëîæåíèÿ, êîòîðûå îáû÷íî ïðîÿâëÿþòñÿ ñïóñòÿ 40 ÷àñîâ ïîñëå ñìåðòè. Ó÷åíûå òàêæå ñäåëàëè âûâîä î òîì, ÷òî òåëî íàõîäèëîñü íà ïîëîòíå íå áîëåå äâóõ äíåé", - ïèøåò àâòîð ñòàòüè.
"Îäíîé èç âåðñèé ïîÿâëåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ íà òêàíè áûëî ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîå âîçäåéñòâèå. Íî ðåçóëüòàòû ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ Enea ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î òîì, ÷òî êîðîòêîå è èíòåíñèâíîå, êàê âñïûøêà, íàïðàâëåííîå óëüòðàôèîëåòîâîå îáëó÷åíèå ñïîñîáíî îêðàñèòü ëüíÿíóþ òêàíü òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷òîáû íà íåé áûëè âîñïðîèçâåäåíû ìíîãèå îñîáåííîñòè îòïå÷àòêà òåëà, âêëþ÷àÿ òîíàëüíîñòü öâåòà, ïîâåðõíîñòíóþ îêðàñêó âíåøíèõ âîëîêîí òêàíè è îòñóòñòâèå ôëóîðåñöåíöèè". Îäíàêî, ïîä÷åðêèâàþò ó÷åíûå èç Enea, "îáùàÿ ìîùíîñòü óëüòðàôèîëåòîâîé ðàäèàöèè, íåîáõîäèìîé äëÿ ìãíîâåííîãî îêðàøèâàíèÿ ïîâåðõíîñòè ëüíÿíîé ïðîñòûíè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé òåëó ÷åëîâåêà ñðåäíåãî ðîñòà, ðàâíà 34 ìèëëèàðäàì âàòò, à òàêóþ ìîùíîñòü íå ñïîñîáåí ïðîèçâåñòè íè îäèí èç ñóùåñòâóþùèõ íûíå èñòî÷íèêîâ óëüòðàôèîëåòîâîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ", - ïèøåò Ìàðêî Òîçàòòè.
"Ó÷åíûå ãîâîðÿò: "Ìû íå çàêîí÷èëè èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ìû ñîáèðàåì ôðàãìåíòû íàó÷íîãî ïàçëà, ñëîæíîãî è çàõâàòûâàþùåãî". Òàéíà ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ íà Òóðèíñêîé ïëàùàíèöå "áðîñàåò âûçîâ íàøåìó èíòåëëåêòó", êàê ñêàçàë îäíàæäû Èîàíí Ïàâåë II", - ïèøåò àâòîð ñòàòüè.
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