Albert Bierstadt, German-American painter (1830 – 1902) |
Albert Bierstadt (7 ÿíâàðÿ 1830, Çîëèíãåí 18 ôåâðàëÿ 1902, Íüþ-Éîðê) - îäèí èç íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíûõ àìåðèêàíñêèõ ïåéçàæèñòîâ 19 âåêà. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîðîìàíòèçìà, èçîáðàæàë â ñâîèõ êàðòèíàõ Äèêèé Çàïàä è èíäåéöåâ. Îòíîñèëñÿ ê Øêîëå ðåêè Ãóäçîí.Ðîäèëñÿ â Ãåðìàíèè, íî âñêîðå ïîñëå åãî ðîæäåíèÿ ñåìüÿ ïåðååõàëà â Àìåðèêó. Ïîçäíåå ïóòåøåñòâîâàë ïî Åâðîïå, â îñîáåííîñòè ïî Èòàëèè. Ñäåëàë ìíîæåñòâî ðèñóíêîâ Àëüï.  1859 ãîäó, ó÷àñòâóÿ â ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ èçìåðåíèÿõ â ñîñòàâå ýêñïåäèöèè Èíæåíåðíîãî êîðïóñà àðìèè ÑØÀ, âïåðâûå ïîñåòèë Ñêàëèñòûå ãîðû. Âî âðåìÿ ýêñïåäèöèè âûïîëíèë ìíîæåñòâî ðèñóíêîâ è äàãåððîòèïîâ, êîòîðûå ïîçäíåå èñïîëüçîâàë êàê çàãîòîâêè äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ñâîèõ ïåéçàæåé.  ïåéçàæàõ Albert Bierstadt óìåëî èñïîëüçîâàë ýôôåêò èãðû ñâåòà è òåíè.Èçâåñòåí ñâîèìè êðóïíîìàñøòàáíûìè ïåéçàæàìè àìåðèêàíñêîãî Çàïàäà.Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü Øêîëû ðåêè Ãóäçîí.Èññëåäîâàòåëè òâîð÷åñòâà õóäîæíèêà óêàçûâàþò íà íåîáû÷àéíóþ ñåðü¸çíîñòü, ñ êîòîðîé Àëüáåðò ïîäõîäèë ê èçó÷åíèþ èñòî÷íèêîâ ñâåòà,îñîáåííî ïðè íàïèñàíèè íåáà è îáëàêîâ. íåêîòîðûõ åãî êàðòèíàõ çàòðîíóòà è ïîëèòèêà- Ïàðòèçàíñêàÿ âîéíà, "Ñòðåëüáà íà êîíôåäåðàòîâ" è "Áîìáàðäèðîâêà".Ãëÿäÿ íà ïåðâóþ êàðòèíó, íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåøü, ÷òî àòàêà øëà òðèäöàòü ÷åòûðå ÷àñà, îò êàðòèíû âååò ñïîêîéñòâèåì, íåñìîòðÿ íà êëóáû äûìà.Çðèòåëü êàê áû íàáëþäàåò çà áàòàëüíîé ñöåíîé ñî ñòîðîíû, íà ôîíå âåëèêîëåïíîãî ïåéçàæà.Ìíîãî ðàáîò ïîñâÿùåíî êîðåííûì àìåðèêàíöàì- èíäåéöàì, ýòî áûëè âðåìåíà, êîãäà ïîñëåäíèå æèëè â ãàðìîíèè ñ ïðèðîäîé íà ñâîèõ èñêîííûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ.Ïîêàçàíî áëàãîðîäñòâî èíäåéöåâ äî èõ êîíòàêòà ñ åâðîïåéöàìè.Íî èñòîðèêè ñ÷èòàþò ýòè ðàáîòû íåñêîëüêî ïñåâäîèñòîðè÷åñêèìè,ò.ê. âî âðåìåíà õóäîæíèêà èíäåéöåâ óæå èçãîíÿëè ñî ñâîåé òåððèòîðèè â ãîðû, áûëè áåñêîíå÷íûå ñòû÷êè, óíèæåíèÿ è íåïîíèìàíèåÏðîäîëæàë ïîñåùàòü àìåðèêàíñêèé çàïàä íà ïðîòÿæåíèè âñåé ñâîåé êàðüåðû.Ïðèîáð¸ë áîëüøóþ ïîïóëÿðíîñòü, îäíà èç åãî êàðòèí áûëà ïðîäàíà çà 25000 äîëëàðîâ. Õîòÿ åãî êàðòèíû ñåé÷àñ ïðîäàþòñÿ çà êíÿæåñêèå ñóììû, âûñîêàÿ îöåíêà êðèòèêîâ ñâîåãî âðåìåíè äëÿ íåãî íå ñîñòîÿëàñü. Çà èñïîëüçîâàíèå èì íåîáû÷àéíî áîëüøèõ ïîëîòåí äëÿ ñâîèõ êàðòèí ê íåìó áûëè ñíèñõîäèòåëüíû. åãî êàðòèíàõ ìíîãî àòìîñôåðíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ, òàêèõ êàê òóìàí, îáëàêà,îí ñ÷èòàë, ÷òî îíè ïîä÷åðêèâàþò è óñèëèâàþò ÷óâñòâåííîñòü, ýìîöèè. Áèðñòàäò èíîãäà èçìåíÿë äåòàëè ëàíäøàôòà, ÷òîáû âíåñòè íåêîå âäîõíîâåíèå è òðåïåò. Öâåòà îí òàêæå èñïîëüçîâàë íàìåðåííî íå âñåãäà âåðíî. Îí ïèñàë, ÷òî âîäà äîëæíà áûòü öâåòà óëüòðàìàðèí, ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü ïûøíàÿ è çåëåíàÿ, è ò.ä.Òåì íå ìåíåå, â 1860 ãîäó îí áûë èçáðàí ÷ëåíîì Íàöèîíàëüíîé àêàäåìèè, îí ïîëó÷èë ìåäàëü â Àâñòðèè, Áàâàðèè, Áåëüãèè è Ãåðìàíèè; è åãî êàðòèíû îñòàþòñÿ ïîïóëÿðíûìè. Îí áûë ïëîäîâèòûì õóäîæíèêîì, íàïèñàâ áîëåå 500 (âîçìîæíî, áîëüøå, ÷åì 4000) êàðòèí â òå÷åíèå ñâîåé æèçíè, áîëüøèíñòâî èç êîòîðûõ âûæèëè. Ìíîãèå èç íèõ ðàçáðîñàíû ïî ìóçåÿì ïî âñåì Ñîåäèíåííûì Øòàòàì. Îðèãèíàë êàðòèíû ñàìè èíîãäà ïðèõîäÿò íà ïðîäàæó. 1882 ãîäó ñòóäèÿ åãî íà Èðâèíãòîí, Íüþ-Éîðê, áûëà óíè÷òîæåíà ïîæàðîì, ïðè ýòîì ìíîãèå èç åãî êàðòèí ïîãèáëè.Íà ïèêå ñâîåé êàðüåðû, îí æèë â îñîáíÿêå íà Ãóäçîí, íî åãî ðàáîòû ïîïàëè â íåìèëîñòü, îñîáíÿê ñîæãëè, è îí óìåð â Íüþ-Éîðêå áåç ãðîøà â êàðìàíå.
Evening, Owens Lake, California

The Morteratsch Glacier, Upper Engadine Valley, Pontresina 1895

Moose Hunters' Camp c.1880

Autumn Woods 1886

Indian Summer - Hudson River 1861

Moat Mountain Intervale, New Hampshire c.1862

Yosemite Valley 1866

The Emerald Pool 1870

The Landing of Columbus 1893

Western Landscape 1871

Yosemite Valley, Yellowstone Park 1868

In the Mountains 1867

Rocky Mountains 1866

Sunset in the Rockies 1866

Westphalian Landscape 1855

Autumn in America, Oneida County, New York

Cows Watering in a Landscape

Falls of Saint Anthony

Hatch-Hatchy Valley, California

Forest Stream

Lake Mary, California

Pikes Peak

On the Saco

Bridal Veil Falls, Yosemite c.1871 - 1873

The Shore of the Turquoise Sea 1878

Seals on the Rocks, Farallon Islands c.1872 - 1873

Beach at Nassau

Seascape

Seal Rock, California c.1872

Niagara c.1869

The Great Trees, Mariposa Grove, California 1876

The Wolf River, Kansas c.1859

North Fork of the Platte Nebraska 1863

Pioneers of the Woods 1858

The Bombardment of Fort Sumter: ca 1863

Cathedral Rock, Yosemite Valley, California 1872

The Old Mill 1855

Sunset over the River

Sunset in California - Yosemite
"Albert Bierstadt" îáîè íà ðàáî÷èé ñòîë - http://basik.ru/painter/1771/
http://hoocher.com/Albert_Bierstadt/Albert_Bierstadt.htm
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/bierstadt_albert.html
http://www.liveinternet.ru/community/2281209/post130823419/
http://gallerix.ru/album/Albert-Bierstadt/pic/glrx-627481079
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt
http://www.xmission.com/~emailbox/glenda/bierstadt/bierstadt.html
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