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Challenge: Polishing a fused quartz sphere with standard methods creates "hills and valleys," destroying sphericity.

Solution: Create a tetrahedral lapping and polishing machine that brushes the sphere with micro-inch abrasive slurry in random variations.

Result: Each fused quartz sphere deviates less than one micro-inch from peak to valley (25 nm), making them the roundest objects ever created on Earth.

Bonus Fact: In September 2004, GP-B received a certificate from Guinness World Records Limited, acknowledging that the GP-B gyroscope rotors had been entered into the Guinness Database of World Records. The certificate reads as follows:

"The most spherical manmade objects are the fused quartz gyroscopic rotors onboard the Gravity Probe B Spacecraft operated by NASA and Stanford University. Their average departure from mathematically perfect sphericity is only 1.8 x 10-7 of their diameter."


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