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- ( . cupcake) - () .
, : a small cake baked in a cup-shaped foil or paper case
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: a baked food, usually in loaf or layer form, typically made from a mixture of flour, sugar, and eggs
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, , Mervis Diamond Importers .
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1 2 Mervis Diamond Importers «Cupcakes and Wedding Rings».
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.the well-known case of oysters
(Lewis Carroll; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson; 1832-1898).
:
"' Oysters, come and walk with us!'
The Walrus did beseech.
'A pleasant walk, a pleasant talk,
Along the briny beach...'
...
'O Oysters,' said the Carpenter,
'You've had a pleasant run!
Shall we be trotting home again?'
But answer came there none --
And this was scarcely odd, because
They'd eaten every one."
["Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1865), Ch. IV, Tweedledum and Tweedledee]
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