Very interesting, although it deprives us of many illusions
FROM THE INTERNET
By correspondence
(On EK do not pay attention, not removed)
It is very interesting, although it deprives us of many illusions.
Author:
Sergey Vyacheslavovich Savelyev is a well-known Russian professor,
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Embryology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, RAMS. The first in the world who managed to study and photograph the 11-day human embryo. The scientist was able to establish, up to days, the crisis phases in the formation of the nervous system of the embryo, leading to various pathologies
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Do not put the brain as a super task - against biology we are powerless.
-
Doctor, will I die?
- Required!
In this "black" anecdote, according to Professor S.V. Savelyeva - Doctor of Biological Sciences, and concluded the answer to the question: are our resources infinite?
Fact of mortality
There is a so-called fact of mortality: within each of our cells there are special structures-additives-the so-called telomers, which induce this cell to divide. For normal life, they should be 50, a maximum of 55. But with each division, the telomere remains one less (they are detached by a special enzyme): 49, 48 and so on downward. And it does not matter whether you beat your forehead, whether you meditate in the Tibetan mountains, kiss the crosses in Rome, when the ability to divide the cells ends, then the telomere supply is depleted, natural biological death occurs.
50-55-fold cycle of divisions - this is our limit (for plants it can be 75-95, but also not eternal). On average, this is a ton of cells - so much is produced by our body in all life. The next time such a counter will turn on only after the confluence of two sex cells - during reproduction.
In principle, these resources allow you to live for 150 years. But - far from civilization, in a favorable ecological environment and, as a rule, like a earthworm. With active activity
The body's capabilities are seriously reduced. The limit is 80-90 years, then it's just a slow dying.
Have noticed: at old men the skin becomes parchment, there are pigmentary maculae on places of former burns,
Blows? And just cells are produced less and less.
Our skin (the upper layer of the epithelium) is updated: - on the hands - every day; - on the face and head - every three days (do not give in to admonitions to use shampoo every day); - on the body - once a week (and do not force it with a washcloth more often).
Blood cells are replaced:
- for an average person - every 80 days;
- the athlete - every 40 days.
The heart can only shrink 800 million times in life (about the same amount as a mouse and an elephant).
The number of contractions of the muscles of the tongue is also not infinite.
But the muscles of the body are capable of developing such enormous efforts that, had it not been for the constraining factors, they would have long ago crushed their own skeleton.
So the human physiological resources are very modest, and there is no reason to exceed them: the sport of results is self-destruction, which reduces the average
Life expectancy of athletes up to 50 years.
In search of an eternal cell
We also have a non-renewable system - nervous. All ideas that brain cells multiply and almost every day appear up to a million new neurons are built on incorrect experiments with
Animals - 25 years ago, scientists found that in rats, the division of nerve cells is preserved only 2-3 months after birth.
Falsification and the fact that the number of neurons can be increased with the help of stem cells. As a rule, psychologists and physiologists, poorly versed in the structural organization of the brain, and, of course, profiteers from medicine, doing business on the sufferings and aspirations of patients, are fond of it.
And how tempting: stem cells, supposedly infinitely dividing, are able to cure not only of alopecia, but also of all ailments! A lot of legal and illegal offices have already appeared, where such transplants are made for decent money. Does the liver hurt? Please, cell
The liver! Brain? A brain cell! And, not necessarily in the brain - you can and where softer.
There are thousands of articles written about the problems of searching for the "eternal" cell. In the United States there is even a whole scientific institute, where it is claimed that researchers
It was possible to isolate from the cells either blood, or subcutaneous fat, "eternally living" cells, which can be placed in different chemical conditions and
Thus getting different types of cells - the heart, lungs, liver, and even different types of tissue! The famous Katerina Verfail "proves" that, having taken such a cage in an adult male, has already received about 140 types of cells that live forever. Nonsense! Differentiation of cells like "receivers" is simply impossible to start! And to grow a fabric, especially three-dimensional, which, I note, while no one can boast,
Even more difficult than deciphering the same genome.
How can you fool everyone with a head? Yes, it's very simple. Say, from one cell get a hundred and freeze. Then, when the first one is out of breath and
Is about to stop sharing, get out of the refrigerator the same second, third ... Unarmed experiment! And to prove that the cell is slowly turning, say, into the heart, it is placed in a hood of
Cardiomyocytes (chopped and filtered heart tissue), where it naturally "eats" and accumulates the corresponding characteristic proteins.
Then this "eternal" cage is transplanted into a clean environment, shown to the public and is said to be the future cardiomyocyte. True, the muscle tissue of the heart is not yet, but it will definitely be, because you see specific antibodies characteristic of cardiac tissue. A cell
Just "ate" the things that were around. And it's even funny to think that this way one can get a human cloth once. Never.
To date, there is no work proving that the 50-fold fission cycle has been overcome. If this happened, pharmaceutical
Companies would celebrate the victory: after all, it is not necessary to develop medicines for the same AIDS in cancerous, truly immortal, but in healthy cells. But many years of experience of scientists in Germany showed: none
Somatic tissue in cell culture does not live more than 4.5 years.
For the same reason, you can not clone anyone. If the nucleus of a somatic cell is transplanted into an egg, the embryo will simply die of old age, because somatic has already produced a significant part of the resource of divisions.
Therefore, the issue of cloning is a matter of business and mystification, not medicine. By the way, whether the famous sheep Dolly was a clone was not genetically proven. Serious work only says that it is possible to achieve a transplantation of the nucleus: the embryo divides for a while, and then perishes. This fact was known to scientists for a quarter of a century ago ...
But why, it is asked, does not the journalistic-veterinary hullabaloo about the supposedly cloned here and there cats, dogs, pigs continue?Alas, this is pure politics. The fact is that at one time English
The government, buying into the story with Dolly, allocated a huge amount of money for research, signed by the queen herself. When it became clear that
All this, to put it mildly, cheating, went the struggle for "preserving the face." It was then that they invented a miracle therapy with stem cells, cultivation with their help of organs, tissues and other nonsense not having
Relationship to reality.
And if to speak by and large, then the program "Human Genome" is a purely American show. In the genome, in fact, only
10% of the genes encoding proteins. The remaining 90% is terra incognita, although the program has already been announced. And those 10% of genes are studied only in one - one! - a person, which for some reason everyone "forgot" to say.
So we have to admit: our brain, being a biological product, is limited. And no new resources can be created - well, the brain cells do not multiply, they do not reproduce. Even if we are quiet nap
At the TV, the brain absorbs up to 10% of everything that they drank and ate during the day. And with active life, and even depending on the mass of the body, the expenditure increases at least twice. Excessive costs for the body! is he
Does not know if tomorrow will be food. And it is no accident that when
Adverse conditions, the brain turns off first.
The man is "Zaporozhets" and the man is "Mercedes"
There is an opinion that our brain works at 10%. In fact, it always works at 100! Even when you are reading a newspaper and, it would seem, only the zones responsible for vision, reading and logic are activated, in
The same time other neurons also work, for example, those that are responsible for maintaining your posture. True, they are less active, but also transmit signals and at any time are ready to perform a new task. Called in
Door? And now, the neurons responsible for hearing, walking, recognizing have become perplexed. If the brain really worked for a tenth, a person would die in 4 minutes. Another thing is how often you
Activate certain zones.
And here we are faced with another limitless error, as if it is possible to develop a person's abilities. No! They can only be realized. And how deep is another question. Everyone's brain has its own
Structural and morphological organization, defining character, sensory, motor, other possibilities and limitations. There is absolutely no
Identical convolutions. All the mental, physical resources of the brain are defined from birth: both by the parents' genes, and by the fact that the materials for the proteins, fats, carbohydrates - brought the future mother to the construction of the new nervous system. If at this time she was engaged
Raw food, starvation, the child will most likely not be adequately developed brain.
Figuratively speaking, no matter how fast drive "Zaporozhets", it will not drive better and faster than the "Mercedes". And it makes no sense to look for geniuses in large scale - this phenomenon is unique. In the individual brain, that is, in each
to
In a concrete case, it is necessary to be engaged not in a problem of development of functions which are not present, and to realize that has precisely got from the daddy with mum.
How is this determined? It's very simple - present the brain with many options. Give try different things. A man will grab his own. If the auditory and vocal regions of the brain are better expressed, they will sing. Analytical? You will not tear off chess, the exact sciences.
But there is a limit to everything: from impossible tasks even Mercedes can stop and be on the sidelines. And not putting the supertask "Zaporozhets" let slowly, but surely, realize their talents. And this is the healthiest way. The limit of dreams!
From scientific error to revolution - one step
The authority of French science at the beginning of the nineteenth century was so great that the Utopians, and later Marx, Engels and Lenin adopted the wild theory of the learned Flourens. He argued that the brain of all is identical and has no localization of functions (for example, zones responsible for vision, hearing). The Marxists transferred the theory of the scientist to the social sphere: since everyone has the same brain, it is enough to sacrifice two generations, and the third, raised in ideal conditions, will go to work with songs - just create conditions.Only Franz Gal did not agree with Flourens, arguing that the brain of each person is unique, individual. Curiously: before his death, Napoleon set himself the main merit is not the campaign in Russia, but the destruction of Galya. All the powerful are afraid of one thing - the lifetime identification of their abilities, which Gal theoretically determined by the protuberances (knobs) of the skull.
As history has shown, people are really different. And no matter how fought Makarenko for the bright future of street children, his colony revealed a mass of uninvited, which it was easier to isolate from the "ideal" community. A little later the scientists confirmed that the brain convolutions and furrows are as individual as fingerprints.
And you can not make everyone think and live the same way.
As well as to reach the same heights.
