ËÎÓÐÅÍ ÑÒÞÀÐÒ ÕÀÐÐÈÑ (LAWREN STEWART HARRIS), 1885 - 1970 |
Øèëëåð, âåëèêèé íåìåöêèé äðàìàòóðã è ïîýò, îïèñàë èñêóññòâî êàê "òî, ÷òî äà¸ò ÷åëîâåêó åãî ïîòåðÿííîå äîñòîèíñòâî", à èìåííî - åãî ñóùåñòâåííóþ êðàñîòó. Íî êðàñîòà - ýòî íåðàçðûâíàÿ ÷àñòü òîãî, ÷òî ìû ñ÷èòàåì âûñîêèì, äîñòîéíûì è áîæåñòâåííûì.
Ëîóðåí Ñòþàðò Õàððèñ
Decorative Landscape. 1917
Ëîóðåí Õàððèñ áûë îäíèì èç îðãàíèçàòîðîâ "Ãðóïïû ñåìè" - êàíàäñêèõ õóäîæíèêîâ - ïåéçàæèñòîâ, îêàçàâøèõ â íà÷àëå XX âåêà áîëüøîå âëèÿíèå íà ðàçâèòèå êàíàäñêîé æèâîïèñè.
Ëîóðåí Ñòþàðò Õàððèñ ðîäèëñÿ 23 îêòÿáðÿ 1885 ãîäà â Áðàíòôîðäå , Îíòàðèî, â áîãàòîé âëèÿòåëüíîé ñåìüå, ó÷èëñÿ â ïðåñòèæíûõ øêîëàõ Êàíàäû, ïîòîì â Áåðëèíå. Ïðè÷åì ïîëó÷èë îí òåõíè÷åñêîå îáðàçîâàíèå, íî óâëåêàëñÿ áîëüøå ôèëîñîôèåé è òåîñîôèåé, ê òîìó æå â Áåðëèíå Õàððèñ â òå÷åíèå ÷åòûðåõ ëåò ïîñåùàë Õóäîæåñòâåííóþ øêîëó.
Ïî çàâåðøåíèè ó÷åáû îí îòïðàâèëñÿ â ïóòåøåñòâèå ïî Áëèæíåìó Âîñòîêó, — Õàððèñ ïîáûâàë â Ïàëåñòèíå è íà Àðàâèéñêîì ïîëóîñòðîâå.
Winter Landscape. 1916 -17
Âåðíóâøèñü â Òîðîíòî â 1910 ãîäó, îí ïîçíàêîìèëñÿ ñ Äæ. Ý. Ã. ÌàêÄîíàëüäîì è äðóãèìè õóäîæíèêàìè, êîòîðûå ïîçäíåå îáðàçîâàëè ”Ãðóïïó ñåìè”. Îí ôèíàíñèðîâàë ñòðîèòåëüñòâî ñòóäèéíîãî çäàíèÿ â Òîðîíòî ñ äðóãîì - äîêòîðîì Äæåéìñîì ÌàêÊàëëîì . Ñòóäèÿ ïðåäîñòàâèëà õóäîæíèêàì äåøåâûå èëè áåñïëàòíûå ïîìåùåíèÿ, ãäå îíè ðàáîòàëè.
Chestnut Tree, House, Barrie, Ontario. (1916–1917)
 1913 Õàððèñ, ÌàêÄîíàëüä è åùå ðÿä õóäîæíèêîâ, êîòîðûå ïîòîì âîéäóò â "Ãðóïïó ñåìåðûõ" åäóò â Áóôôàëî (ÑØÀ) íà âûñòàâêó ñêàíäèíàâñêîãî èñêóññòâà. Ýòà âûñòàâêà ïîòðÿñëà èõ, è îíè ðåøàþò çàïå÷àòëåòü íà ñâîèõ ïîëîòíàõ êðàñîòó êàíàäñêèõ ïðîâèíöèé. Ïîä âëèÿíèåì ýòîé âûñòàâêè Õàððèñ íà÷èíàåò ïèñàòü ïåéçàæè Êàíàäû.  1918 è 1919 ãîäàõ Õàððèñ ôèíàíñèðîâàë ïîåçäêè äëÿ õóäîæíèêîâ "Ñåìåðêè" â ðåãèîí Àëãîìà , ïóòåøåñòâóÿ ïî Öåíòðàëüíîé æåëåçíîé äîðîãå Àëãîìû è ðèñóÿ â òàêèõ îáëàñòÿõ, êàê ðåêà Ìîíðåàëü è Êàíüîí Àãàâà.  1920 ãîäó ýòè õóäîæíèêè îôèöèàëüíî ñòàëè íàçûâàòüñÿ "Ãðóïïîé ñåìè" è ðåãóëÿðíî ïðîâîäèòü âûñòàâêè ñâîèõ ðàáîò. Îñåíüþ 1921 ãîäà Õàððèñ îòâàæèëñÿ âûéòè çà ïðåäåëû Àëãîìû íà ñåâåðíûé áåðåã îçåðà Âåðõíèé.
The Red Doors. 1919
Red House and Yellow Sleigh, 1919. (Óñàäüáà Ëîóðåíñà Ñ. Õàððèñà)
Trees and Pool. 1920
Houses, St. Patrick Street. 1923
House in the Ward
Snow II. 1915
Snowfall. 1920
Old House, Toronto. 1919
In the Ward. 1920
Winter in the Northern Woods. 1915 - 18
Red Houses, Winter. 1925
Õàððèñ áûë î÷åíü óâëå÷åí Ñåâåðíûì áåðåãîì è òåîñîôñêîé êîíöåïöèåé ïðèðîäû, îí âîçâðàùàëñÿ òóäà åæåãîäíî â òå÷åíèå ñëåäóþùèõ ñåìè ëåò. Êàðòèíû Õàððèñà â íà÷àëå 1920-õ ãîäîâ áîãàòû äåêîðàòèâíûìè ýëåìåíòàìè. Îí ðèñîâàë ïåéçàæè âîêðóã Òîðîíòî, Ãðóçèíñêîãî çàëèâà è Àëãîìû, åìó áûëè èíòåðåñíû ñòàðûå äîìà Òîðîíòî. Ïîçæå ðàáîòû Õàððèñà ñòàëè áîëåå àáñòðàêòíûìè è óïðîùåííûìè, îñîáåííî åãî ñóðîâûå ïåéçàæè êàíàäñêîãî ñåâåðà è Àðêòèêè.
Ñåðûé äåíü â ãîðîäå (1923 ïåðåðàáîòàí â íà÷àëå 1930-õ ãîäîâ).
Elevator Court, Halifax.1921
 1924 ãîäó ýñêèçíàÿ ïîåçäêà ñ À.É. Äæåêñîíîì â Íàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê Äæàñïåð â êàíàäñêèõ Ñêàëèñòûõ ãîðàõ ïîëîæèëà íà÷àëî íàïèñàíèÿ Õàððèñîì ïåéçàæåé ãîð, êîòîðûå îí ïðîäîëæàë èññëåäîâàòü â åæåãîäíûõ ýñêèçíûõ ïîåçäêàõ äî 1929 ãîäà, èññëåäóÿ çîíû âîêðóã íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïàðêà Áàíô , Íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïàðê Éîõî è Ïðîâèíöèàëüíîãî ïàðêà Ìàóíò-Ðîáñîí .  1930 ãîäó Õàððèñ ïðåäïðèíÿë ñâîþ ïîñëåäíþþ ðàñøèðåííóþ ýñêèçíóþ ïîåçäêó, îòïðàâèâøèñü â Àðêòèêó íà áîðòó êîðàáëÿ "ÑÑ. Beothic" â òå÷åíèå äâóõ ìåñÿöåâ, çà ýòî âðåìÿ îí çàêîí÷èë áîëåå 50 ýñêèçîâ. Ïîëó÷èâøèåñÿ â ðåçóëüòàòå àðêòè÷åñêèå ïîëîòíà îçíàìåíîâàëè êîíåö åãî ïåéçàæíîãî ïåðèîäà, è ñ 1935 ãîäà Õàððèñ ñ ýíòóçèàçìîì çàíÿëñÿ àáñòðàêòíîé æèâîïèñüþ.
Algoma Country.1921
Trees in the North
Northern Island II. 1930
Above Lake Superior. 1922
Lake Superior. 1923
Mountains in Snow. 1929
Mount Lefroy. 1930
North Shore, Lake Superior. 1926
Ice House, Coldwell, Lake Superior. 1923
Mountain Forms. 1926
Mount Thule, Bylot Island. 1930
North Shore, Baffin Island. 1930
Baffin Island. 1931
 1934 ãîäó Õàððèñ ïåðååõàë â Ãàííîâåð, øòàò Íüþ-Õýìïøèð, à çàòåì â 1938 ãîäó â Ñàíòà-Ôå, øòàò Íüþ-Ìåêñèêî, ãäå îí è äðóãèå õóäîæíèêè ñîçäàëè Òðàíñöåíäåíòàëüíóþ Æèâîïèñíóþ ãðóïïó.
Lake and Mountains. 1928
Composition 4. 1936
Sun and Earth. 1939
Abstraction 119. 1945
Abstract No. 7.1939
Çàñëóãîé Ëîóðåíà Ñòþàðòà Õàððèñà áûëî òî, ÷òî îí âñåãäà ïîääåðæèâàë ñâîèõ äðóçåé - õóäîæíèêîâ êàê ìàòåðèàëüíî, òàê è äóõîâíî, îí áûë äóøîé "Ãðóïïû ñåìè". Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè âñåé ñâîåé êàðüåðû õóäîæíèêà Õàððèñ áûë ïðåäàí ñâîåé èäåå ïðîñëàâëåíèÿ êàíàäñêîé ïðèðîäû. Îí ïåðâûé âûïóñòèë Êàòàëîã 1920 ãîäà ñ êàðòèíàìè õóäîæíèêîâ "Ãðóïïû ñåìè" (The Group of Seven). Èõ êàðòèíû âûñòàâëåíû â ëó÷øèõ ãàëåðåÿõ Êàíàäû. Ëîóðåí Ñòþàðò Õàððèñ óìåð â Âàíêóâåðå â ÿíâàðå 1970 ãîäà. Îí áûë óæå øèðîêî èçâåñòíûì â Êàíàäå õóäîæíèêîì. "Ãðóïïà ñåìè", äåéñòâîâàâøàÿ â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå XX âåêà, ñ÷èòàåòñÿ ïåðâûì òâîð÷åñêèì îáúåäèíåíèåì, ïðåäñòàâëÿâøèì íîâîå êàíàäñêîå èñêóññòâî. Äî ýòîãî êàíàäñêèå õóäîæíèêè íàõîäèëèñü ïîä ñèëüíûì âëèÿíèåì áðèòàíñêîé, ôðàíöóçñêîé è àìåðèêàíñêîé õóäîæåñòâåííûõ òðàäèöèé. Ñîâðåìåííîå êàíàäñêîå èñêóññòâî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñèíòåç ðàçëè÷íûõ õóäîæåñòâåííûõ òå÷åíèé, ïðèâíåñ¸ííûõ â ñòðàíó íîñèòåëÿìè ðàçëè÷íûõ òðàäèöèé.
Ñåðèÿ ñîîáùåíèé "Ðàçíîîáðàçèå æàíðîâ ":
×àñòü 1 - Âåíãåðñêèé õóäîæíèê Aurel Bernath
×àñòü 2 - ÕÓÄÎÆÍÈÊ Ï¨ÒÐ ÏÅÒÐÎÂÈ× ÊÎÍ×ÀËÎÂÑÊÈÉ (1876-1956)
...
×àñòü 8 - ÇÅÐÐÒ/ÇÅÌËßÍÓÕÈÍ ÂÀÄÈÌ ÂÀËÅÍÒÈÍÎÂÈ× (ËÅÍÈÍÃÐÀÄ, 1969)... ËÞÁÈÌÛÉ ÏÈÒÅÐ È ÍÅÌÍÎÃÎ ÐÀÇÍÎÃÎ (2)
×àñòü 9 - Õóäîæíèê - Ñâèðèäîâ Ñåðãåé / Ñòèõè - Ìàêñèìèëèàí Âîëîøèí
×àñòü 10 - ËÎÓÐÅÍ ÑÒÞÀÐÒ ÕÀÐÐÈÑ (LAWREN STEWART HARRIS), 1885 - 1970
×àñòü 11 - Ôîíä Áàðíñà â Ôèëàäåëüôèè îöèôðîâàë áîëåå 2 òûñÿ÷ ýêñïîíàòîâ ñâîåé õóäîæåñòâåííîé êîëëåêöèè
×àñòü 12 - ÀÌÅÐÈÊÀÍÑÊÈÉ ÕÓÄÎÆÍÈÊ GEORGE WESLEY BELLOWS
...
×àñòü 36 - ÃÞÑÒÀ ÊÓÐÁÅ (GUSTAVE COURBET,1819–1877). ÊÀÐÒÈÍÛ ÈÇ ÊÎËËÅÊÖÈÈ METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART
×àñòü 37 - ÈÇ ÊÎËËÅÊÖÈÈ NATIONALMUSEUM, STOCKHOLM - ÐÀÁÎÒÛ ÍÅÈÇÂÅÑÒÍÛÕ ÕÓÄÎÆÍÈÊÎÂ
×àñòü 38 - ÁÐÈÒÀÍÑÊÈÉ ÕÓÄÎÆÍÈÊ WILLIAM BRUCE ELLIS RANKEN (1881-1941)
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