Öèòàòà ñîîáùåíèÿ elinor_051
" ÷åïöå, â ñòàðèííîì îäåÿíüå..."

Äàìà î÷åíü ýëåãàíòíà-
Ëåíòû, ðþøè è öâåòû.
Ïðîñòî ñêàçî÷íàÿ ôåÿ
Íåîáû÷íîé êðàñîòû.
Òîëüêî âñ¸ æå íå ïîíÿòíî -
Ýòî øëÿïêà èëü ÷åïåö?
Íàäî ñ ýòèì ìíå âîïðîñîì
Ðàçîáðàòüñÿ íàêîíåö.
Íåò, ïîõîæå, ÷òî íå øëÿïêà,
À íàâåðíîå ÷åïåö.
Íó è ëàäíî, âñ¸ ðàâíî âåäü -
Òîæå ìîäû îáðàçåö.
(Âèêòîðèÿ Âèòóøêî)
Rogier van der Weyden (1399/1400— 1464) Portrait of a young woman

Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) Barbara Dürer

Hans Holbein der Jünger (1497 - 1543) À lady with a squirrel and a starling (Ànne Lovell)

Hans Holbein der Jünger (1497 - 1543) Jane Seymour, Queen of England

Hans Holbein der Jünger (1497 - 1543) Bildnis der Dorothea Kannengießer

Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (1561-1636) Ïîðòðåò Ìýðè, ëåäè Ñêóäàìîð

Paulus Moreelse (1571-1638) Portrait of a lady in a black dress with a gold-embroidered black stomacher

Paulus Moreelse (1571-1638) Portrait of a lady

Paulus Moreelse (1571-1638) Portrait of a child

Frans Hals (1580 – 1666) Portrait d'Aletta Hanemans

Frans Hals (1580 – 1666) Married couple in a garden (detail)

Jacques Waben (c. 1590 – c. 1634) Grietje Adriaensdr Groote

Jan Havickszoon Steen (1626 — 1679) Toilet vrouw

Jan Havickszoon Steen (1626 — 1679) Two Men and a Young Woman making Music on a Terrace (Detail)

Gabriel Metsu (1629-1667) Woman reading a letter

Gabriel Metsu (1629-1667) A Lady receiving a letter

Gabriel Metsu (1629-1667) The Wine Drinker

Johannes Vermeer van Delft (1632—1675) Girl interrupted at her music

Jacques-André-Joseph Aved (1702 – 1766) Madame Crozat

Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792) Lavinia Countess Spencer

Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792) Theresa Parker

Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792) Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester

Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792) Lady Caroline Howard

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) The Milkmaid

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) Jeune fille aux mains jointes

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) Madame Jean-Baptiste Nicolet (Anne Antoinette Desmoulins)

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) Head of a young girl in a bonnet

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) Fille avec un capucin

Èâàí Ïåòðîâè÷ Àðãóíîâ (1729—1802) Ïîðòðåò Ïðàñêîâüè Èâàíîâíû Øåðåìåòåâîé (â êðàñíîé øàëè)

Èâàí Ïåòðîâè÷ Àðãóíîâ (1729—1802) Ïîðòðåò Òîëñòîé, óðîæäåííîé Ëîïóõèíîé

John King. Margaret Stancomb, née Salter (1780-1863)

Unknown Artist. Ðortrait of Marietta Jarvis (1785-1843)

Aleksander Kucharski (1741—1819) Portrait de Marie Antoinette

Aleksander Kucharski (1741—1819) Portrait de Marie Antoinette au temple

Aleksander Kucharski (1741—1819) Madame Elisabeth Temple

Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827). Mrs. William De Peyster, Jr.

Ãðèãîðèé Ñåðäþêîâ (1744-1785) Ïîðòðåò íåèçâåñòíîé â áåëîì ÷åïöå

Ãðèãîðèé Ñåðäþêîâ (1744-1785) Íàäåæäà è Íèêîëàé Ýíãåëüãàðäò

Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (1749–1803) Portrait of a woman

John Downman (1750 – 1824) Sarah Arah and Mary Emma Rigby

Henri-Pierre Danloux (1753—1809) La poupee

Henri-Pierre Danloux (1753—1809) Portrait of a lady in a white dress

Âëàäèìèð Ëóêè÷ Áîðîâèêîâñêèé (1757 - 1825) Ïîðòðåò Íàòàëüè Ïåòðîâíû Ãîëèöûíîé

Âëàäèìèð Ëóêè÷ Áîðîâèêîâñêèé (1757 - 1825) Åêàòåðèíà II íà ïðîãóëêå â Öàðñêîñåëüñêîì ïàðêå

Âëàäèìèð Ëóêè÷ Áîðîâèêîâñêèé (1757 - 1825) Ïîðòðåò Åêàòåðèíû Àëåêñàíäðîâíû Àðõàðîâîé

James Earl (1761 – 1796) Abigail Congdon Packard (Mrs. Samuel Packard)

James Earl (1761 – 1796) Frances Hortin At The Age Of Seventeen

John Brewster Jr. (1766-1854) Eunice Pearson Deane of Portland

Anthelme François Lagrenée (1774 - 1832) Natalia Okhotnikova

Anthelme François Lagrenée (1774 - 1832) Portrait of a lady

Anthelme François Lagrenée (1774 - 1832) Portrait of a lady

Henri (Pierre Louis) Grevedon (1776-1860) èç Le Vocabulaire des dames

Henri (Pierre Louis) Grevedon (1776-1860) èç Le Vocabulaire des dames

Louis Hersent (1777-1860)(attributed) Portrait of a Lady

François-Séraphin Delpech (1778–1825) Charlotte Corday

×åïåö, ÷åï÷èê — æåíñêèé è äåòñêèé ãîëîâíîé óáîð. Ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé âÿçàíûé èëè øèòûé ÷åõîë, çàêðûâàþùèé âîëîñû, ìîæåò èìåòü çàâÿçêè ïîä ïîäáîðîäêîì.
 èñòîðèè ìîäû äàìñêèå ÷åï÷èêè èçâåñòíû äàâíî.  X-XI âåêàõ âî Ôðàíöèè íîñèëè ïëàòêè ïîêðûâàâøèå ãîëîâó è ïëå÷è, — èç íèõ âîçíèêëè ñðåäíåâåêîâûå ÷åïöû. Ñíà÷àëà åãî èñïîëüçîâàëè äëÿ êóïàíèÿ è ñíà êàê æåíùèíû, òàê è ìóæ÷èíû. Ïîçäíåå ìóæ÷èíû îò ýòîãî ãîëîâíîãî óáîðà îòêàçàëèñü, à äàìû íîñèëè åãî äî êîíöà XIX âåêà.
Ó êàæäîãî ÷åï÷èêà áûëî ñâîå ñîáñòâåííîå íàçâàíèå, ñâÿçàííîå ñ åãî ôîðìîé:
Àðñåëå (ôðàíöóçñêèé êàïþøîí) - ïëîòíûé ÷åïåö ñ íàäåòûì íà íåãî ìåòàëëè÷åñêèì þâåëèðíîé ðàáîòû êàðêàñîì â ôîðìå ñåðäöà èëè ïîäêîâû.
Âóëüñòõàóáå - ïëàòîê, çàâÿçàííûé ïîâåðõ íàáèòîãî íàïîëíèòåëåì âàëèêà, çàêðåïëåííîãî íà ãîëîâå.
Ãåéáë (òþäîðîâñêèé ÷åïåö) - êàðêàñíûé ÷åïåö, êðàé êîòîðîãî ñïåðåäè çàêðûâàëè æåñòêîé ëåíòîé, ïåðåêðåùåííîé ïîñåðåäèíå ëáà, èëè âàëèêîì, îáâèòûì ëåíòîé. Ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü ãåéáëà áûëà âûøèòà ø¸ëêîì, çîëîòîì è íåáîëüøèì êîëè÷åñòâîì äðàãîöåííûõ êàìíåé.
Êà́ïîð — æåíñêèé ãîëîâíîé óáîð ýïîõè áèäåðìåéåðà, ñîåäèíÿþùèé â ñåáå ÷åðòû ÷åïöà è øëÿïû.Ó êàïîðà âûñîêàÿ øëÿïíàÿ òóëüÿ (äëÿ óáðàííûõ íà çàòûëîê âîëîñ) è îáðàìëÿþùèå ëèöî øèðîêèå æ¸ñòêèå ïîëÿ, ñóæàþùèåñÿ ê çàòûëêó. Êàïîð óäåðæèâàëñÿ íà ãîëîâå ìàíòîíüåðêàìè — øèðîêèìè ëåíòàìè, çàâÿçûâàâøèìèñÿ ïîä ïîäáîðîäêîì áàíòîì.
Ïî óòðàì, ïîêà äëèííûå âîëîñû äàì íå áûëè óëîæåíû â ïðè÷åñêó, íàäåâàëè ÷åïåö. Ïèêà ìîäû ÷åïöû äîñòèãëè â XVII âåêå, íî è â ïîñëåäóþùèå äâà âåêà áûëè ïîïóëÿðíû.
 Ðîññèè îíè ñòàëè èçâåñòíû áëàãîäàðÿ ðåôîðìàì Ïåòðà I, íî ëèøü â öàðñòâîâàíèå Åêàòåðèíû II ñòàíîâÿòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïîïóëÿðíûì ãîëîâíûì óáîðîì. Ìÿãêèé äîìàøíèé ÷åïåö æåíùèíû íàäåâàëè óòðîì. Åãî øèëè èç áåëîãî áàòèñòà èëè ïîëîòíà, ïðèñîáèðàëè â ñáîðêó ó ëáà èëè ïî âñåìó íèçó, óêðàøàëè êðóæåâàìè, ëåíòàìè, âûøèâêîé. Íàçíà÷åíèå äîìàøíåãî ÷åïöà - çàêðûòü âîëîñû â ïàïèëüîòêàõ. Çàòåì, êîãäà æåíùèíà âûõîäèëà íà óëèöó â óòðåííèå ÷àñû, îíà íàäåâàëà øëÿïó-÷åïåö. Ýòîò ÷åïåö îòëè÷àëñÿ îò äîìàøíåãî áîëåå ñòðîãîé ôîðìîé è ïîëóæåñòêîé îñíîâîé. Äëÿ áîëåå ïîçäíèõ ÷àñîâ íàäåâàëè øëÿïó-÷åïåö â âèäå êàïîðà ñ æåñòêèìè ïîëÿìè. Äåêîðèðîâàëè èõ ëåíòàìè, ðþøàìè, êðóæåâàìè è öâåòàìè.
 êîíöå XIX âåêà æóðíàë "Ïàðèæñêèå ìîäû" îïèñûâàë ÷åïåö òàê: "Êðóãëûé ôîí èç âûøèòîãî êðåìîâîãî òþëÿ ãàðíèðîâàí êðóãîì ñáîð÷àòûì, êðóæåâíûì âîëàíîì, ïðèøèòûì ïîä òþëåâóþ ãîëîâêó "áóëüîíå". Ïîñðåäèíå áàíò èç óçêèõ áëåäíî- ðîçîâûõ ëåíò è âûñîêèé êðóæåâíîé òóô, ïåðåìåøàííûé ñ ïåòëÿìè ðîçîâûõ ëåíò". Íà áàëàõ è ïðè âûåçäå ÷åï÷èê ìîæíî áûëî óâèäåòü òîëüêî íà ïîæèëûõ äàìàõ.
Êàê äåòàëü íàöèîíàëüíîãî êîñòþìà, ó íåêîòîðûõ íàðîäîâ ÷åïåö ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ è ïîíûíå.
Îðåñò Àäàìîâè÷ Êèïðåíñêèé (1782— 1836) Ïîðòðåò Å. Ñ. Àâäóëèíîé

Îðåñò Àäàìîâè÷ Êèïðåíñêèé (1782— 1836) Ïîðòðåò Åêàòåðèíû Ïåòðîâíû Ðîñòîï÷èíîé

Èâàí Ñìèðíîâñêèé (1783-1825) Ïîðòðåò äàìû â áåëîé øàëè

Èâàí Ñìèðíîâñêèé (1783-1825) Æåíñêèé ïîðòðåò

Thomas Sully (1783—1872) Isabella Tod Stewart

Frederick Mayhew (1785-1854)? Hulda Martin in her 55 year

Ammi Phillips (1788-1865) Helen Livingston (Mrs. Leonard William)

Jean Joseph Vaudechamp (1790-1866) Marie Emeranthe Becnel Brou (Madame Samuel Hermann)

Christian Albrecht Jensen (1792-1870) Portrait of a Lady in Blue Dress

Christian Albrecht Jensen (1792-1870) Portrait of the Artist's Wife, Catherine Jensen

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller (1793-1865) The artist's Mothers Elisabeth Waldmüller

George Esten Cooke (1793 – 1849) Lucie Harvie Hull of Athens

Ìèõàèë Èâàíîâè÷ Òåðåáåíåâ (1795 - 1864) Ïîðòðåò íåèçâåñòíîé â ÷åïöå

Íèêîëàé Äìèòðèåâè÷ Ìûëüíèêîâ (1797 — 1842) Ïîðòðåò íåèçâåñòíîé â êðóæåâíîì ÷åïöå

Àëåêñàíäð Ïàâëîâè÷ Áðþëëîâ (1798 — 1877) Òàòüÿíà Áîðèñîâíà Ïîòåìêèíà

Àëåêñàíäð Ïàâëîâè÷ Áðþëëîâ (1798 — 1877) Àëåêñàíäðà Àëåêñàíäðîâíà Áðþëëîâà

George Harvey (1800 – 1878) Woman in a Lace Bonnet

Philip Richard Morris (1803-1902) Quite ready

Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805 – 1873) Ïîðòðåò èìïåðàòðèöû Àëåêñàíäðû Ôåäîðîâíû

Edward Robert Smythe (1810–1899) Breton girl knitting, seated in an interior

Josephus Laurentius Dyckmans (1811-1888) El fabricante de encaje

Josephus Laurentius Dyckmans (1811-1888) Grandmother's birthday

Josephus Laurentius Dyckmans (1811-1888) Lady standing at a wash tub

Alfred Rethel (1816 – 1859) Porträt der Mutter des Künstlers

Îðåñò Èñààêîâè÷ Òèìàøåâñêèé (1822—1867) Èòàëüÿíêà

Sophie Gengembre Anderson (1823-1903) Foundling Girls in their School Dresses at Prayer in the Chapel

Sophie Gengembre Anderson (1823-1903) Wait for Me!

Sophie Gengembre Anderson (1823-1903) Windfalls

Sophie Gengembre Anderson (1823-1903) Its My turn to play Mother

Eleuterio Pagliano (1826 – 1903) La Filatrice

Emile Hublin (1830-1891) The young beggar of Finisterre: the lonely maid

Gustave Doré (1832-1883) Little Red Riding Hood

Charles Victor Thirion (1833 -1878) The Apple Girl

Charles Victor Thirion (1833 -1878) The Return of Pêchetoile

Charles Edward Perugini (1839 - 1918) Katie Perugini, née Dickens

Charles Edward Perugini (1839 - 1918) A Labour of love

Kate Perugini (1839 – 1929) Kate Perugini was the daughter of Charles

Edwin Thomas Roberts (1840-1917) Somebody's Birthday

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) Portrait de la mère

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) Ðortrait of Ñlaude

Harriet Backer (1845-1932) Little red riding hood

Wilhelm Menzler Casel (1846 - 1926) Portrait of woman in bonnet

Frederick Morgan (1847–1927) Bob apple

Frederick Morgan (1847–1927) Love me, love my dog

Eduard Charlemont (1848 — 1906) La dentelliere

Lilla Cabot Perry (1848 - 1933) Margaret mit einem Bonnet

Emilio Sala y Francés (1850 - 1910) Tea time

Emilio Sala y Francés (1850 - 1910) Muchacha en un paisaje

Albert Lynch (1851-1912) The Green Bonnet

Albert Lynch (1851-1912) Head of a Girl

Charles Edward Wilson (1854–1941) Óoung beauty gathering flowers

Max Hammerl (1856 - 1886) Das Modell des Malers bei der Teepause

Paul Peel (1860 —1892) The Spinner

Ìèõàèë Âàñèëüåâè÷ Íåñòåðîâ (1862 - 1942) Äåâóøêà ó ïðóäà. Íàòàëüÿ Ìèõàéëîâíà Íåñòåðîâà

Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874—1939) Woman before a Mirror

Çèíàèäà Åâãåíüåâíà Ñåðåáðÿêîâà (1884 - 1967) Ñòàðóøêà â ÷åïöå. Áðåòàíü.