Ôðèäà Êàëî 2 |
Ôðèäà Êàëî (èñï. Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón, 6 èþëÿ 1907 — 13 èþëÿ 1954) — ìåêñèêàíñêàÿ õóäîæíèöà.
Ôðèäà Êàëî ðîäèëàñü â ñåìüå íåìåöêîãî åâðåÿ è ìåêñèêàíêè ñ èíäåéñêèìè êîðíÿìè.  6 ëåò ïåðåíåñëà ïîëèîìèåëèò, ïîñëå áîëåçíè íà âñþ æèçíü îñòàëàñü õðîìîòà, à å¸ ïðàâàÿ íîãà ñòàëà òîíüøå ëåâîé (÷òî Êàëî âñþ æèçíü ñêðûâàëà ïîä äëèííûìè þáêàìè). Ñòîëü ðàííèé îïûò áîðüáû çà ïðàâî ïîëíîöåííîé æèçíè çàêàëèë õàðàêòåð Ôðèäû.
 15 ëåò îíà ïîñòóïèëà â «Ïðåïàðàòîðèþ» (Íàöèîíàëüíóþ ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíóþ øêîëó) ñ öåëüþ èçó÷àòü ìåäèöèíó. Èç 2000 ó÷àùèõñÿ â ýòîé øêîëå áûëî âñåãî 35 äåâóøåê. Ôðèäà ñðàçó æå çàðàáîòàëà àâòîðèòåò, ñîçäàâ ñ âîñåìüþ äðóãèìè ó÷àùèìèñÿ çàêðûòóþ ãðóïïó «Êà÷ó÷àñ». Ÿ ïîâåäåíèå ÷àñòî íàçûâàëè ýïàòàæíûì, îíà íå ñêðûâàëà ñâîþ áèñåêñóàëüíîñòü.
 Ïðåïàðàòîðèè ïðîèçîøëà å¸ ïåðâàÿ âñòðå÷à ñ áóäóùèì ìóæåì, èçâåñòíûì ìåêñèêàíñêèì õóäîæíèêîì Äèåãî Ðèâåðîé, ñ 1921 ïî 1923 ðàáîòàâøèì â Ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíîé øêîëå íàä ðîñïèñüþ «Ñîçèäàíèå».
 18 ëåò Ôðèäà ïîïàëà â òÿæ¸ëóþ àâàðèþ, ïîâðåæäåíèÿ îò êîòîðîé âêëþ÷àëè ïåðåëîì ïîçâîíî÷íèêà, ïåðåëîì êëþ÷èöû, ñëîìàííûå ð¸áðà, ñëîìàííûé òàç, îäèííàäöàòü ïåðåëîìîâ â å¸ ïðàâîé íîãå, ðàçäðîáëåííóþ è âûâèõíóòóþ ïðàâóþ ñòîïó, âûâèõíóòîå ïëå÷î. Êðîìå òîãî, å¸ æèâîò è ìàòêà áûëè ïðîêîëîòû ìåòàëëè÷åñêèì ïåðèëîì, ÷òî ñåðü¸çíî ïîâðåäèëî å¸ ðåïðîäóêòèâíóþ ôóíêöèþ. Îíà ãîä áûëà ïðèêîâàíà ê êðîâàòè, à ïðîáëåìû ñî çäîðîâüåì îñòàëèñü íà âñþ æèçíü. Âïîñëåäñòâèè Ôðèäå ïðèøëîñü ïåðåíåñòè íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòêîâ îïåðàöèé, ìåñÿöàìè íå âûõîäÿ èç áîëüíèö. Îíà, íåñìîòðÿ íà ãîðÿ÷åå æåëàíèå, òàê è íå ñìîãëà ñòàòü ìàòåðüþ.
Èìåííî ïîñëå òðàãåäèè îíà âïåðâûå ïîïðîñèëà ó îòöà êèñòè è êðàñêè. Äëÿ Ôðèäû ñäåëàëè ñïåöèàëüíûé ïîäðàìíèê, ïîçâîëÿâøèé ïèñàòü ë¸æà. Ïîä áàëäàõèíîì êðîâàòè ïðèêðåïèëè áîëüøîå çåðêàëî, ÷òîáû îíà ìîãëà âèäåòü ñåáÿ. Ïåðâîé êàðòèíîé áûë àâòîïîðòðåò, ÷òî íàâñåãäà îïðåäåëèëî îñíîâíîå íàïðàâëåíèå òâîð÷åñòâà: «ß ïèøó ñåáÿ, ïîòîìó ÷òî ìíîãî âðåìåíè ïðîâîæó â îäèíî÷åñòâå è ïîòîìó ÷òî ÿâëÿþñü òîé òåìîé, êîòîðóþ çíàþ ëó÷øå âñåãî».
Ôðèäà Êàëî ñ ñóïðóãîì Äèåãî Ðèâåðà, 1932
 1929 Ôðèäà Êàëî ñòàëà æåíîé Äèåãî Ðèâåðû. Åìó áûëî 43 ã, åé - 22. Ñáëèæàëî äâóõ õóäîæíèêîâ íå òîëüêî èñêóññòâî, íî è îáùèå ïîëèòè÷åñêèå óáåæäåíèÿ — êîììóíèñòè÷åñêèå. Èõ áóðíàÿ ñîâìåñòíàÿ æèçíü ñòàëà ëåãåíäîé.
 ðàáîòàõ Ôðèäû Êàëî î÷åíü ñèëüíî âëèÿíèå íàðîäíîãî ìåêñèêàíñêîãî èñêóññòâà, êóëüòóðû äîêîëóìáîâûõ öèâèëèçàöèé Àìåðèêè. Ÿ òâîð÷åñòâî íàñûùåíî ñèìâîëàìè è ôåòèøàìè. Îäíàêî â íåì çàìåòíî è âëèÿíèå åâðîïåéñêîé æèâîïèñè — â ðàííèõ ðàáîòàõ îò÷¸òëèâî ïðîÿâèëàñü óâëå÷¸ííîñòü Ôðèäû, íàïðèìåð, Áîòòè÷åëëè.
 2002 ãîäó áûë ñíÿò ôèëüì «Ôðèäà», ïîñâÿù¸ííûé õóäîæíèöå. Ðîëü Ôðèäû Êàëî ñûãðàëà Ñàëüìà Õàéåê.
(òåêñò - Âèêèïåäèÿ)
The Broken Column, 1944

Portrait of an injury in white, 1929

Self-portrait (upright) at the border of Mexico and the United States, 1932

My Birth, 1932

Self-portrait with the collar, 1933

Some small punctures, 1935

Self-portrait dedicated to Leon Troski or Between the curtains, 1937

My Nurse and me, 1937

To remember or the Heart, 1937

Self-portrait with a Itzcuintli dog, 1938

Ce que l'eau m'a donné, 1938

Two naked in the Forest or My Nurse and me or the Earth even, 1939

The Suicide of Dorothy Hauls, 1939

Both Frida, 1939

Self-portrait with the collar of spines, 1940

Self-portrait with the cut hair, 1940

The dream, 1940

Self-portrait with the plait, 1941

Me and my Parrots, 1941

Self-portrait with the monkeys, 1943

Self-portrait in Tehuana or Diego in thought, 1943

Without hope, 1945

Tree of the hope, Be held right, 1946

The wounded Stag, 1946

Diego and me, 1949

Self-portrait with the portrait of Dr. Farill, 1951

Wandelhalle
| Ðóáðèêè: | ýíöèêëîïåäèè, ïîëåçíûå ññûëêè, ïîýçèÿ |
| Êîììåíòèðîâàòü | « Ïðåä. çàïèñü — Ê äíåâíèêó — Ñëåä. çàïèñü » | Ñòðàíèöû: [1] [Íîâûå] |