-

  • (1320)
  •     (182)
  •     (159)
  •     (122)
  •     (110)
  •     (98)
  •     (74)
  •     (67)
  •     (48)
  •     (44)
  •     (38)
  •     (37)
  •     (37)
  •     (33)
  •     (29)
  •     (26)
  •     (26)
  •     (25)
  •     (18)
  •     (15)
  •     (15)
  •     (14)
  •     (13)
  •     (11)
  •     (10)
  •     (10)
  •     (10)
  •     (9)
  •     (8)
  •     (4)
  •     (4)
  •     (3)
  •     (2)
  • (989)
  •     (78)
  •     (47)
  •     (39)
  •     (38)
  •     (28)
  •     (26)
  •     (23)
  •    - (22)
  •     (22)
  •     (21)
  •     (20)
  •     (20)
  •     (18)
  •     (17)
  •     (17)
  •     (17)
  •     (16)
  •     (15)
  •     (15)
  •     (15)
  •     (15)
  •     (15)
  •     (12)
  •     (11)
  •     (11)
  •     (11)
  •     (10)
  •     (10)
  •    , (9)
  •     (9)
  •     (9)
  •     (9)
  •     (9)
  •     (8)
  •     (8)
  •     (7)
  •     (7)
  •     (7)
  •     (7)
  •     (5)
  •     (4)
  •     (3)
  •     (3)
  •     (3)
  •     (1)
  • (471)
  •     (309)
  •     (49)
  •     (48)
  •     (38)
  •     (11)
  •     (3)
  • - (323)
  • (220)
  • (203)
  •     (54)
  •     (33)
  •     (28)
  •     (19)
  •     (12)
  •     (10)
  •     (10)
  • (202)
  •     (79)
  •     (68)
  •    - (17)
  •     (8)
  • (198)
  •    , , (27)
  •     (18)
  •     (13)
  •     (12)
  •     (11)
  •     (10)
  •     (9)
  •     (9)
  •     (8)
  •     (8)
  •     (5)
  •     (5)
  •     (5)
  •     (4)
  •     (4)
  •     (3)
  •     () (3)
  •     (3)
  •     (3)
  •     (2)
  •     (2)
  • (174)
  •     (24)
  •     (15)
  •     (13)
  •     (10)
  •     (6)
  •     (6)
  •     (5)
  •     (4)
  •     (3)
  •     (3)
  •     (2)
  • (170)
  •     (27)
  •     (17)
  •    , , (14)
  •     (11)
  •    , , (10)
  •     (10)
  •     (9)
  •     (8)
  •     (8)
  •     (8)
  •    , (7)
  •    , (6)
  •     (6)
  •     (5)
  •     (5)
  •     (3)
  •     (3)
  •     (2)
  •     (2)
  • ... (167)
  • (147)
  •     (53)
  •     (41)
  •     (19)
  •    - (17)
  •     (15)
  • (145)
  •     (45)
  • - (137)
  • (130)
  •     (16)
  •     (12)
  • (122)
  • (118)
  •     (56)
  •     (19)
  •     (15)
  •     (9)
  •     (3)
  • (118)
  •     (43)
  •     (7)
  •     (6)
  •     (5)
  • (118)
  • (111)
  •     (43)
  •     (21)
  •     (21)
  •     (8)
  •     (7)
  • (110)
  •     (24)
  •     (24)
  •     (21)
  •     (20)
  •     (6)
  • (109)
  •     (16)
  • , (103)
  • (81)
  •     (17)
  •     II (3)
  •     (1)
  • (74)
  • (65)
  • (61)
  •     (19)
  •     (17)
  •     (14)
  •     (7)
  •    - (3)
  •     (1)
  • (58)
  •     (24)
  •     (12)
  •     (6)
  •     (5)
  •     (4)
  • (55)
  • (55)
  •     (4)
  • (52)
  •     (19)
  •     (9)
  •    , , (9)
  •     (6)
  •     (5)
  • (52)
  •     (6)
  • (48)
  • (41)
  • (38)
  • (35)
  •     (8)
  •     (4)
  • (33)
  • (31)
  • (29)
  • (28)
  • (26)
  • (25)
  •     (7)
  •     (6)
  • (25)
  •     (16)
  •     (9)
  • (23)
  •     (9)
  •     (9)
  • (7)
  • (6)
  • (5)
  • () (3)

 - - -

 - e-mail

 

 -

 -

 -

( : 6) _ Live_Memory _ ___ MY_HIT _
( : 3) _ ___ MY_HIT

 -

 LiveInternet.ru:
: 16.10.2007
: 5730
: 32884
: 47784

:


XVIII - XIX

, 19 2008 . 15:44 +
Arin_Levindor XVIIIXIX

, - . . XVIII . Michel Garnier British mezzotint satires


, , , , , , , - , XVIII-XIX , , .
. . , , , , -- , . , . . , . ? .
, , , , , , . XVIIIXIX (, , , ), (, .)
XVIII . , , , (, ). , .
1720- , , . , , , . , . 1730- , , .
, . , , , , . . : , , , .



, , XVIII XIX , , .
, , . : XIX , . , , .

, . , , , , , - , en fourreau, robe a la francaise fleur de lys. : manches a gigot ( ) leg-of-mutton sleeve, fichu () handkerchief ..
, . , , . , . , . , , , , . . , . vandyked , , . , . falling vandyked collar falling bands XVII , . , , , . 18271829 . , 16601860 (Patterns of Fashion, 16601860): A wedding dress in ivory brocaded silk with Marie sleeves and a vandyked collar edged with blonde lace. The hem is padded and above it is a deep vandyked band of brocade Arnold 1995: 58). : The crossway strip for the vandyked frill <> The vandyked decorative strips are piped all the way round the edges (Arnold 1995: 59)



XVIII, XIX XX . 8090- XVIII . . : , XVIII , , , (Boucher 1987). : , , , <> , <> , V, , , (Cunnington & Cunnington 1972).
XVIII . : . 1734 , , , , , , . , , , , (Cunnington & Cunnington 1972). , , , . .
, : , , , . , , . (needle lace) (bobbin lace), . machine-made lace. Valenciennes a fine quality bobbin lace in complex floral designs, using thousand or more bobbins, on a circular mesh ground <> Venetian lace needle made lace was introduced into Europe by the Venetians who had probably learnt the art from Saracenic Sicily (Yarwood 1978: 272).



, ( ) ( ). , , . , , . , , bands of lace ( ).
, , , . , to cut, to hem (, ) , . .
8090- XIX sweeper ( to sweep ) balayeuse (). , . In the late nineteenth century, pleated, stiffened dust ruffles, called sweepers or balayeuses, were sewn to the underside of the hems of ladies long, trailing gown skirts to act as dusters to absorb the dirt from the flour or street and to protect the gown fabric on top (Yarwood 1978: 345).
, , , frill (strip) with raw edges () . The detail <> has been tightly gathered along one edge and pinked and scalloped along the other both edges are left raw (Hart & North 1998: 34).
: pinked edge ( ) scalloped edge ( ), pinked scalloped edge. A single ruffle on the elbow-length sleeve which has a scalloped edge and is headed by a pleated and pinked frill(Hart & North 1998: 86). A straight strip of taffeta <> is pinked and box-pleated to form a decoration for the hem of the petticoat (Arnold 1995: 41).
, balayeuse, . , , , , .. , . ruffle, frill flounce. , . - . , , , ruffles XVI , , . ruffle ruff [12], , , . ruffle , .



, ruffles , XVIII . , , (ruffles). engageantes , XIX . Ruffles were bell-shaped until the end of the 1740s, and with multiple sets the upper ones were each shorter than the lower so as to display the lace (Cunnington & Cunnington 1972).
Flounces , , , XVIII . , , (ruffles) . The flounce was shallow or absent at the bend of the elbow, but deep behind <> The ruffles followed the line of the sleeve flounce with a deep fall behind and a short fall at the bend of the elbow (Cunnington & Cunnington 1972).
Ruffles , . , - , ruffle.
frill , , . : ruffle, flounce , to frill . The front border was frilled, single or double, generally with a small central ruffle (Cunning ton & Cunnington 1972).
Historical fashion in detail . , , , ruffles: Characteristic of the 1760s are the double sleeve ruffles and the arrangement of the pleated ruffle in a straight line down the opening of the gowns skirt, both indicating a waning of the rococo influence (Hart & North 1998: 94).
ruffle , , ; , . Ruffle , .



, , . , XIX , .
ribbon. , . The edge of the stomacher is bound with ivory silk ribbon. (Arnold 1995: 28). The bodice panels and apron are decorated with crossed strips of lilac ribbon and ivory embroidered net (Arnold 1995: 60).
, band.
, XVI , . , , XVII , . , , , falling band. In the sixteenth century the collar became a separate article which finished the neckline of the shirt or chemise; it was more usually known as a band and evolved in the early seventeenth century into the large lace collars known as Falling bands (Yarwood 1978: 107).
XVIII XIX , short-band . XX . band collar (). Standing band XVII , band strings.
band , , ribbon , .
Band , -, , , , (waistband), . . The front portion of the skirt being pleated into a band that ties round the waist <> The skirt is trimmed with a deep band of flossed silk <> Gather the bottom sleeve to fit the band and neaten the raw edges (Arnold 1995: 5557).
XVIII robings. , . . , robings . , 1740- : Both the sleeve cuff and front robings are embroidered in the same pattern as the mantua and petticoat (Hart & North 1998: 64).
robings . , - furbelow. The flounces and the furbelows [the strips of pleated material which decorate gown and petticoat] are all edged with cherry red braid (Arnold 1995: 34).



Furbelow . , .
mantua, manteau. (1688), , , : A MANTUA is a kind of loose coat without any stays in it, the body part and sleeves are of as many fashions as I have mentioned(Rothstein 1984: 18). , , , , . (Ribeiro 2002: 34). , - , , , . , . , , , . , , .
XVIII mantua , , . , 1720 . The English court adopted the mantua with enthusiasm; heavily embroidered, with a curtailed train sewn in place (a detachable train was also sometimes added) and worn over the huge hoops of the early and mid-eighteenth century (Ribeiro 2002: 34).
Mantua , (dress-maker) - mantua-maker XIX , . , mantua , .



, mantua, sack, sacque ( -, - ). , . .
Sack . , , , .
sack contouche ( kontusz , , ). XVIII , , , . 1730- , , .
. , : 1710 contouche; , . .
. <> 1740 : , , , , , - <> ( 1998: 314315).
sack, , XVIII , sack-back dress, , : The term sack-back describes the distinctive double box pleats originating from the back of the neck line which were allowed to flow out behind the wearer, creating an elegant trained silhouette as well as displaying the silk to great advantage.



sack XX , , , .
sack robe volante. , , , . 1720- . 1730- sack, sack-back, . The sack, whether a formal trained garment or an informal kind of dres sing-gown, dominated female dress for the first half of the eighteenth century (Ribeiro 2002: 38).
, sack, wrapping gown ( to wrap , ). , wrap , , . Wrapping gown , , , , , . , .
, XVIII sack sack-back, mantua wrapping gown. . mantua , , , . , . 17201750- : It is now obvious that this very expensive silk had been unpicked from its original form, which would have been similar to the mantua <> pressed flat and completely remodeled as a gown with a fitted back and loose wrapover front. It may well have been used for maternity wear <> The sleeves have been recut, instead of being joined on as a T-shape in the mantua. The small joined pieces in the skirt have been taken from the side pieces of a trained mantua skirt. The bodice has been fitted at the sides (Arnold 1995: 70).
, . , tail () . train ( to train , ). Tailed-coat ( ) . frock, , . . frockcoat .



http://polit.ru/research/2008/01/09/nikitina.html


:  
: 1

   , 14 2011 . 15:30 ()
        |    
: [1] []
 

:
: 

: ( )

:

  URL