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, 31 2012 . 21:36 +
_

. . — . , , , 20-30 . , (Alan Kay), "" .

 

( 17 1940 ) , , Burroughs 220. Electrodata Corporation 1957 . Electrodata Datatron 220, Electrodata Burroughs.

, " ". 60- Simula, , . , , , .

, . : "" Logo (Seymour Papert) Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).

, . "" , . , () . " ", — ( ). — (Douglas Englebart), .

, 1968 . ( Altair 8800 1975 ), — . , Dynabook ( ) , . One Laptop Per Child, . , , Logo, 1967 , , .

Dynabook , — Xerox Alto. : Dynabook , !

Dynabook. NoteTaker. . , NoteTaker , 10 .

NoteTaker PARC 1976 . : (Larry Tesler), (Adele Eva Goldberg), (Douglas Fairbairn) .

NoteTaker 1 , 128 , , - . Smalltalk, Xerox Alto — (GUI, Graphic User Interface).

- NoteTaker. , -. - , Osborne 1 Compaq Portable. , NoteTaker 22 , .

NoteTaker , ( ). , Xerox Smalltalk ( - ) NoteTaker .

, Xerox NoteTaker. Osborne Computer Corporation, , 10 Osborne 1 . , NoteTaker . 80- , , .

1979 GRiD Compass 1101, . , , 1982 , .. Osborne 1. , , GRiD Compass 1101 . , , GRiD Compass 1101 80- 90- .

GRiD Compass 1101 (William Moggridge). GRiD Compass 1101 . GRiD Compass 1101 : Intel 8086 8 , 340 ( , Bubble Memory), 320240 , 1200 /c .

Bubble Memory, , , Bubble Memory , HDD. Bubble Memory , ( ) .

GRiD Compass 1101 GRiD-OS, . , GRiD-OS , , , . , , .

- — GRiD Compass 1101 (, ), , . GRiD Compass 1101 8150 .

, , , — ( 5 ), . (Adam Osborne).

80- — . Intel 4004. , "" Osborne 1, .

Osborne 1 (10,7 ) . , , . 24 52 . , .

Osborne 1 . Zilog Z80, 4 . 64 . - , 91 182 ( ). , , .

CP/M 2.2, (WordStar) (SuperCalc), dBase II BASIC (CBASIC MBASIC).

Osborne 1 1981 "" 1795 .

, Osborne 1 , Deadline Colossal Cave Adventure.

Osborne 1 : Star, , 300 -, , - .

, Osborne Computer Corporation . Osborne 1 , , .

, 1983 Osborne Computer Corporation . , . , IBM- , Vixen, IBM PC. Osborne 1 Osborne Executive 7- . , Osborne Computer Corporation , . Osborne 1 Kaypro II.

1952 — (Andrew Kay).

Kaypro II , . Osborne 1 . Kaypro II 9 . , 24 80 .

Zilog Z80 2,5 M. 64 . - : . / CBASIC. Kaypro II 1595 .

1983- Non-Linear Systems Kaypro Corporation. Kaypro 4 380 Kaypro 10, 10 .

Kaypro Corporation , 1983- . . 1990 , MS-DOS, Kaypro Corporation . Kay Computers, Intel, — .

1982 , IBM PC. Compaq Portable Compaq Computer Corporation. 1982- Texas Instruments. IBM PC, Compaq . BIOS'a IBM . , , Compaq BIOS'a, — .

3590 , Compaq Portable , 1983- 53 . MS-DOS , IBM PC.

"" Compaq Portable Intel 8088 c 4,77 . 128 ( — 640 ). , 9-. 5- - 320 . .

1986 Compaq Compaq Portable II. , , . Compaq Portable II Intel 80286 10 20 . 3499-4999 .

IBM, 1981 , 1984-. , IBM Portable PC 5155 , IBM. .

IBM Compaq Portable. , (4225 ), . 256 .

, 1975 IBM , IBM 5100 . IBM 5100 , . -, IBM 5100 25 ( IBM Portable PC 5155 — 13,5 ). -, IBM 5100 , . , IBM Portable PC 5155 "-", .

IBM IBM 5140 "Convertible". GRiD Compass 1101. 1986 . , IBM 5140 "Convertible" 3- (!) 720 , LCD- 640200 . PC-DOS 3.2. 5,5 . — 1995 .

"" IBM 5140 "Convertible" LCD- -. , , , , .

, - 80- "". .. , . , . , - , GRiD Compass 1101 — . .

70- — 80- Ampere WS-1, - 1985 . Ampere WS-1 , "" . — .

, Ampere WS-1 " ". Nippon-Shingo , US FCC. , . , Ampere WS-1 MS-DOS BASIC, Big-DOS APL (Array Programming Language, APL-68000). 60- (Ken Iverson), APL IBM 360. APL , , APL BASIC .

Ampere WS-1. Motorola MC 68000 c 8 . RAM — 64 (512 ), ROM — 128 . LCD- 480200 .

, APL. , . "" .

3- - . - . Ampere WS-1 - 3,6 .

, 80-, . , 1990 Intel — Intel386 SL.

"":
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