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Ó×ÈÌ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÈÉ: Âðåìåíà ãëàãîëîâ

Ñóááîòà, 03 Àâãóñòà 2013 ã. 11:48 + â öèòàòíèê
Ó×ÈÌ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÈÉ: Âðåìåíà ãëàãîëîâ


Ïîæàëóé, ñàìîå ñëîæíîå ïðè èçó÷åíèè ëþáîãî èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà - ýòî "óëîæèòü" ïðàâèëüíî è íàó÷èòüñÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü âðåìåíà ãëàãîëîâ. ß ïðåäëàãàþ ñâîþ øïàðãàëî÷êó, ÷òî î÷åíü ìíå ïîìîãëà íà ïåðâûõ øàãàõ èçó÷åíèÿ àíãëèéñêîãî - ýòî ïðèìåíåíèå âðåì¸í íà ïðèìåðå ñêëîíåíèÿ ãëàãîëà - "ãóëÿòü" - "walking",

à òàêæå ïðîñëóøàòü òðè 45-ìèíóòíûõ óðîêà íà òåìó ÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÕ ÔÎÐÌ ãëàãîëîâ â àíãëèéñêîì. 1 -Òåîðèÿ, 2,3 - Ïðàêòèêà - â ñòèëå ðàññóæäåíèÿ ïî-ðóññêè âåäóùèå - Àíäðåé Ãóëÿåâ, Äìèòðèé Ëîìîòü.


Èòàê, øïàðãàëî÷êà Ñèñòåìà àíãëèéñêèõ âðåìåí:



. íåîïðåäåëåííûå (Indefinite), ò.å. íåèçâåñòíî, ãóëÿåøü òû èëè íåò,

. äëèòåëüíûå (Continuous), ò.å. òû äàâíî óæå è ïðîäîëæàåøü,

. çàâåðøåííûå (Perfect), ò.å. òû ëèáî âûøåë ïîãóëÿòü, ëèáî óæå âåðíóëñÿ.

1.1. Present Indefinite (íàñòîÿùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå), ñì. âûøå.

I walk every day. - ß ãóëÿþ êàæäûé äåíü. Âìåñòî everyday ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü

âûðàæåíèÿ: usually, seldom, often, from time to time



1.2. Present Continuous (íàñòîÿùååäëèòåëüíîå):

I am walking now. – ß ãóëÿþ ñåé÷àñ.

Äëÿ ýìôàòè÷åñêîãî óñèëåíèÿ ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü íàðå÷èÿ:

He is constantly working! – Îí ïîñòîÿííî ðàáîòàåò!



1.3. Present Perfect (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííîå):

Ihavealreadywalkedtoday. - ß óæå íàãóëÿëñÿ ñåãîäíÿ. (íà ïðåäëîæåíèå ïîéòè ïîãóëÿòü)



1.4. Present Perfect Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå):

I have been drawing since childhood. I have been waiting for you for 2 hours.



2.1. Past Indefinite (ïðîøåäøåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå):

I walked (went out) yesterday. - ß ãóëÿë â÷åðà. íå ïóòàòü ñî âðåìåíåì 1.3., òîëüêî ÷òî.

I took it easy when my husband came (ÿ ðàññëàáèëàñü òîëüêî êîãäà ìîé ìóæ ïðèø¸ë)

2.2. Past Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå äëèòåëüíîå):

×àñòî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, êàê ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ê ãëàâíîìó âî âðåìåíè 2.1

- Unfortunately, I was walking (was taking easy) at the moment my husband came.

Ê íåñ÷àñòüþ ÿ ãóëÿëà (ðàññëàáëÿëàñü, âàëÿëà äóðàêà áåçäåëüíè÷àëà)



2.3. Past Perfect (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííîå):

- I had already walked (come back from my walk) when my wife came.

- ß óæå íàãóëÿëñÿ, êîãäà âîøëà æåíà.

3.2.4. Past Perfect Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå):

- I had been traveling for about a month when I meet him.

- ß ïóòåøåñòâîâàëà óæå îêîëî ìåñÿöà, êîãäà âñòðåòèëà (ìýò) åãî.



3.1. Future Indefinite (áóäóùååíåîïðåäåëåííîå):

I will walkingtomorrow . - ß ïîéäó ãóëÿòü çàâòðà.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå: ïðè îòñóòñòâèè ïîäõîäÿùåãî âðåìåíè è óñëîâèé óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ

- If I walk tomorrow my legs will be sick the day after tomorrow.

3.3.2. Future Continuous (áóäóùååäëèòåëüíîå):

I will be walking tomorrow at 5. - ßáóäóíàïðîãóëêåçàâòðàâ5.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå: Ïðè ãîðÿ÷åì æåëàíèè 3.1. ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âðåìÿ 3.2. :

- Soon! Soon I will be traveling!

3.3.3. Future Perfect (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííîå):

Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè ñîñòîÿíèÿ îïüÿíåíèÿ

- Tomorrow by 5 o’clock I will have walked.

- Çàâòðà ê ïÿòè ÿ áóäó íàãóëÿâøèñü.

3.3.4. Future Perfect Continuous (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííî-äëèòåëüíîå):

- By tomorrow morning I will have been traveling for a week.

- Ê çàâòðàøíåìó óòðó ÿ áóäó ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü íåäåëþ.



Óðîê 1: ðàññêàçûâàåòñÿ ñêîëüêî âðåì¸í íà ñàìîì äåëå â àíãëèéñêîì, çà÷åì îíè íóæíû, êàê îíè ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ, è êàê âûáèðàòü íóæíûé âàðèàíò â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñèòóàöèè.

http://dontspeak.podster.ru/3

 ïîäêàñòå:

— Ñêîëüêî æå âðåì¸í â àíãëèéñêîì íà ñàìîì äåëå?
— Ïî÷åìó ðóññêèé ÿçûê îáõîäèòñÿ áåç «êó÷è âðåì¸í», à àíãëèéñêèé — íåò.
— ×òî òàêîå âðåìÿ, à ÷òî òàêîå âðåìåííàÿ ôîðìà, è â ÷¸ì ðàçíèöà.
— Êàê ïðàâèëüíî âûáèðàòü, êàêîå âðåìÿ è âðåìåííóþ ôîðìó íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü â òîé èëè èíîé ñèòóàöèè.



Óðîê 2:

Âû óçíàåòå, êàê çâó÷èò è ïèøåòñÿ êàæäàÿ èç íèõ â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ âñåõ òèïîâ â íàñòîÿùåì âðåìåíè. Ìû âñïîìíèì ïðî òåõíèêó «7 íîò», è ðàçëîæèì ïî íîòàì ñêàçóåìîå äëÿ êàæäîé èç âðåìåííûõ ôîðì:

http://dontspeak.podster.ru/4
 ïîäêàñòå:

— Ñêàçóåìûå äëÿ âñåõ âðåìåííûõ ôîðì íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå.
— Êàêàÿ ÷àñòü ñêàçóåìîãî ìîæåò ìåíÿòüñÿ, à êàêàÿ — íåò?
— Ãëàãîë «Do» â present simple — êîãäà îí åñòü, êîãäà åãî íåò è ïî÷åìó?

Ïîÿñíåíèÿ ê ýòîìó óðîêó: Simple | Ñontinuous |Perfect |Perfect Continuous


Ïðîñòûå âðåìåíà (Simple Tenses)


Îçíà÷àþò ñîñòîÿíèå, ïîâòîðåíèå, ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü è ÷àñòî èäóò ñ ÷àñòîòíûìè íàðå÷èÿìè (never, seldom, sometimes, often, as a rule / usually/normally/typically/commonly, always) è â óñëîâíûõ ïðèäàòî÷íûõ.


Present Simple(Indefinite) (íàñòîÿùåå ïðîñòîå) äëÿ îáû÷íûõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.


I often hear English words on TV.

ß ÷àñòî ñëûøó àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà ïî ÒÂ


Past Simple(Indefinite) (ïðîøåäøåå ïðîñòîå) äëÿ ïðîøëûõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.


It happened when I was 10.

Ýòî ñëó÷èëîñü, êîãäà ìíå áûëî 10.


Future Simple(Indefinite) (áóäóùåå ïðîñòîå) äëÿ îæèäàåìûõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




After the 2nd right turn you’ll see your destination

Çà âòîðûì ïîâîðîòîì íàïðàâî ïðèä¸òå ïî íàçíà÷åíèþ.


Äëèòåëüíûå âðåìåíà


Îçíà÷àþò ïðîöåññ è ÷àñòî èäóò ñ âðåìåííûìè íàðå÷èÿìè ((right) now / at the moment / nowadays) è ñîþçàìè (as, while).




Present Continuous(Progressive) (íàñòîÿùåå äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ òåêóùèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




What are you talking about?

×òî òû íåñ¸øü?




Past Continuous(Progressive) (ïðîøåäøåå äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ ïðîòåêàâøèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




The sun was shining.

Ñèÿëî ñîëíöå




Future Continuous(Progressive) (áóäóùåå äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ îæèäàåìî ïðîòåêàþùèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




She’ll be asking for more and more…

Îíà áóäåò ïðîñèòü âñ¸ áîëüøå è áîëüøå…



Ñîâåðø¸ííûå âðåìåíà




Îçíà÷àþò ðåçóëüòàò è ÷àñòî èäóò ñ íàðå÷èÿìè âðîäå just, yet, already è âî âðåìåííûõ ïðèäàòî÷íûõ (when, after, before, no sooner).




Present Perfect (íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðø¸ííîå) äëÿ ñâåæèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




Look what you’ve done!

Ïîñìîòðè, ÷òî òû íàäåëàë!




Past Perfect (ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðø¸ííîå) äëÿ ïðåäïðîøåäøèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




He thought the party had started.

Îí äóìàë, ÷òî âå÷åðèíêà óæå íà÷àëàñü




Future Perfect (áóäóùåå ñîâåðø¸ííîå) äëÿ ïðåäáóäóùèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




Will you have done the work by lunch?

Ê îáåäó çàêîí÷èøü ðàáîòó?


Ñîâåðø¸ííî-äëèòåëüíûå âðåìåíà


Îçíà÷àþò ðåçóëüòàòèâíûé ïðîöåññ è ÷àñòî èäóò ñ íàðå÷èÿìè âðîäå lately / of late / recently è âðåìåííûìè ïðåäëîãàìè by, since, for, during.




Present Perfect Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðø¸ííî-äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ ðåçóëüòàòèâíî ïðîòåêàþøèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




We’ve been waiting here for a whole hour.

Ìû çäåñü óæå ÷àñ òîð÷èì!




Past Perfect Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðø¸ííî-äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ ðåçóëüòàòèâíî ïðîòåêàâøèõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé.




I’d been watching him from my car before he disappeared.

ß íàáëþäàë çà íèì èç ìàøèíû, ïîêà îí íå èñ÷åç




Future Perfect Continuous (áóäóùåå ñîâåðø¸ííî-äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ îæèäàåìûõ ðåçóëüòàòèâíûõ ïðîöåññîâ.




By 2020 the family will have been living there for 50 years.

Ê 2020 ã. ýòà ñåìüÿ áóäåò ïðîæèâàòü òàì óæå 50 ëåò




Íåêîòîðûå ãðàììàòèñòû âûäåëÿþò òàêæå ïðîøåäøå-áóäóùèå ãëàãîëüíûå âðåìåíà. Õîòÿ îñòàëüíûå îòíîñÿò ýòè ñëó÷àè ê ñîñëàãàòåëüíîìó íàêëîíåíèþ.


Ïðîøåäøå-áóäóùèå âðåìåíà

Îçíà÷àþò áóäóùåå â ïðîøåäøåì è ÷àñòî èäóò â ïðèäàòî÷íûõ êîñâåííîé ðå÷è.




Past Future Simple (ïðîøåäøå-áóäóùåå ïðîñòîå) äëÿ îáû÷íûõ äåéñòâèé/ñîñòîÿíèé ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ïðîøëîãî.




We knew we would manage somehow.

Ìû çíàëè, ÷òî ñïðàâèìñÿ òàê èëè èíà÷å




Past Future Continuous (ïðîøåäøå-áóäóùåå äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ îæèäàåìûõ â ïðîøëîì ïðîöåññîâ.




They hoped they’d be living together.

Îíè íàäåÿëèñü, ÷òî áóäóò æèòü âìåñòå




Past Future Perfect (ïðîøåäøå-áóäóùåå ñîâåðø¸ííîå) äëÿ îæèäàåìûõ â ïðîøëîì ðåçóëüòàòîâ.




He promised the project would have been finished by the next day.

Îí îáåùàë, ÷òî ïðîåêò áóäåò çàâåø¸í ê ñëåäóþùåìó äíþ




Past Future Perfect Continuous (ïðîøåäøå-áóäóùåå ñîâåðø¸ííî-äëèòåëüíîå) äëÿ îæèäàåìûõ â ïðîøëîì ðåçóëüòàòèâíûõ ïðîöåññîâ.


I hoped the movie wouldn’t have been going on long when I came.

ß íàäåÿëñÿ, ÷òî ôèëüì íå áóäåò èäòè äîëãî, êîãäà ïðèäó.


Óðîê 3 : äîñòàòî÷íî âîîðóæèòüñÿ ïàðîé ïðîñòûõ ïðàâèë, è áóäóùåå ñ ïðîøëûì ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü îñâîåííûìè! Ïîìèìî îñíîâíûõ ôîðì, â àíãëèéñêîì åñòü ñïåöèàëüíûå êîíñòðóêöèè, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðûõ îïèñûâàþò ïðîøëîå è áóäóùåå, è ñ íèìè âû òîæå ïîçíàêîìèòåñü â ýòîì ïîäêàñòå.

http://dontspeak.podster.ru/5

— Îäíî ïðàâèëî, çíàÿ êîòîðîå, ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü áóäóùåå âðåìÿ äëÿ ëþáîé èç âðåìåííûõ ôîðì.
— Îäíî ïðàâèëî, ïî êîòîðîìó ôîðìû íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè ïðåîáðàçóþòñÿ â ôîðìû ïðîøåäøåãî.
— Êàêèå ÷àñòè ñêàçóåìîãî ìîãóò ìåíÿòüñÿ îò ïîäëåæàùåãî ê ïîäëåæàùåìó, êàêèå — íåò, è îò ÷åãî ýòî çàâèñèò.

Ñåðèÿ ñîîáùåíèé "èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè":
×àñòü 1 - Àíãëèéñêèé äëÿ Íà÷èíàþùèõ ïî Äðàãóíêèíó.
×àñòü 2 - Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê :Ýòî äîëæåí çíàòü êàæäûé
×àñòü 3 - Î÷åíü ïîëåçíûå ññûëêè äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ àíãëèéñêîãî
×àñòü 4 - Ó×ÈÌ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÈÉ: Âðåìåíà ãëàãîëîâ
×àñòü 5 - Ìèíè-ñëîâàðü ñàìûõ ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûõ ôðàçîâûõ ãëàãîëîâ.
×àñòü 6 - Ñõåìû äëÿ çàïîìèíàíèÿ
...
×àñòü 8 - 15 çàõâàòûâàþùèõ àóäèîêíèã äëÿ òåõ, êòî õî÷åò èçó÷àòü àíãëèéñêèé
×àñòü 9 - Êëàä äëÿ òåõ, êòî ó÷èò àíãëèéñêèé
×àñòü 10 - íåìåöêèé



Ïðîöèòèðîâàíî 4 ðàç

Àëîíêà-òèõàÿ_ðàäîñòü   îáðàòèòüñÿ ïî èìåíè Âîñêðåñåíüå, 04 Àâãóñòà 2013 ã. 10:33 (ññûëêà)
Ñïàñèáî, ïîëåçíî áûëî îñâåæèòü ïàìÿòü. äà è äåòÿì ïðèãîäèòñÿ
Îòâåòèòü Ñ öèòàòîé Â öèòàòíèê
 

Äîáàâèòü êîììåíòàðèé:
Òåêñò êîììåíòàðèÿ: ñìàéëèêè

Ïðîâåðêà îðôîãðàôèè: (íàéòè îøèáêè)

Ïðèêðåïèòü êàðòèíêó:

 Ïåðåâîäèòü URL â ññûëêó
 Ïîäïèñàòüñÿ íà êîììåíòàðèè
 Ïîäïèñàòü êàðòèíêó