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Ñóááîòà, 15 Èþíÿ 2024 ã. 03:31 (ññûëêà)
 Ðîññèè åæåãîäíî âîçíèêàåò íåñêîëüêî ìèëëèîíîâ øàðîâûõ ìîëíèé
 íîÿáðå 2023 ãîäà â äàðêíåòå áûëà îïóáëèêîâàíà ïåðåïèñêà óìåðøåãî ãëàâû ËÀÈ Àíäðåÿ Ñêëÿðîâà. ×àñòü åå ïîñâÿùåíà ôåíîìåíó øàðîâîé ìîëíèè.  ÷àñòíîñòè ïî åãî äàííûì òîëüêî â Ðîññèè åæåãîäíî âîçíèêàåò íåñêîëüêî ìèëëèîíîâ øàðîâûõ ìîëíèé, òî åñòü øàðîâàÿ ìîëíèÿ íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ êàêèì-òî ðåäêèì ÿâëåíèåì. Òàê æå Ñêëÿðîâ îòìå÷àåò, ÷òî øàðîâàÿ ìîëíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ áîëåçíåííîé òåìîé äëÿ íàóêè. Òàê ïî íåêîòîðûì îöåíêàì â Ðîññèè øàðîâûå ìîëíèè åæåãîäíî âûçûâàþò îêîëî 38 000 ïîæàðîâ ñ íåóñòàíîâëåííûìè ïðè÷èíàìè, êîòîðûå ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ïðè÷èíàìè ñìåðòè 1200 ÷åëîâåê. Àìåðèêàíñêèå ýêñïåðòû, ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî îêîëî 12% âñåõ àâèàêàòàñòðîô ìîãóò âûçûâàòüñÿ øàðîâûìè ìîëíèÿìè. Òåìàòèêà øàðîâîé ìîëíèè èçäàâíà âûçûâàåò ñòðàõ, òàê êàê îíà ÷àñòî ïðîíèêàåò â æèëèùå íàçàìåòíî, è îò íåå âîçìîæíî çàùèòèòüñÿ òîëüêî áåãñòâîì. Øàðîâàÿ ìîëíèÿ âîçíèêàåò êðóãëîãîäè÷íî è íå ñâÿçàíà ñ íàëè÷èåì ãðîçû. Îäíàêî, åñëè ÷åëîâåê ñïèò èëè íàõîäèòñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè àëêîãîëüíîãî îïüÿíåíèÿ, òî øàíñîâ íà ñïàñåíèå ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåò. Îíè ñïîñîáíû ïðîíèêàòü ñêâîçü ñòåêëî, ðîçåòêè è âåíòèëÿöèè. Ìíîãèå ýêñïåðòû îòìå÷àþò, ÷òî øàðîâàÿ ìîëíèÿ ïðîÿâëÿåò ïðèçíàêè ðàçóìíîãî ïîâåäåíèÿ, ÷òî â ìîìåíò ñîïðèêîñíîâåíèÿ ìíîãîêðàòíî óñèëèâàåò èñïóã. ×àñòî øàðîâûå ìîëíèè íå âçðûâàþòñÿ, à óñòðàèâàþò ïîæàð, ïðè÷èíû êîòîðîãî óñòàíîâèòü íå óäàåòñÿ. Ïðè÷èíà òîãî, ÷òî ñåé÷àñ ÷èñëî âèäåîôèêñàöèé øàðîâûõ ìîëíèé íåâåëèêî, ïî ìíåíèþ Ñêëÿðîâà, ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî ëþäè ïðèâûêëè ê ðàçëè÷íûì èñòî÷íèêàì ñâåòà â îêðóæàþùåì ïðîñòðàíñòâå, è ìîãóò ïóòàòü øàðîâóþ ìîëíèþ, íàïðèìåð, ñ êîïòåðîì èëè ôàðîé ñàìîêàòà. Äðóãîé ïðè÷èíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàìàë÷èâàíèå ýòîé òåìû â ÑÌÈ, î ÷åì áóäåò ñêàçàíî äàëüøå, òîëüêî óñóãóáëÿåò ýòó ñèòóàöèþ. Íàïðèìåð, â ÑÑÑÐ øêîëüíèêîâ èíôîðìèðîâàëè î òîì, ÷òî äåëàòü ïðè âñòðå÷ ñ øàðîâîé ìîëíèåé. Ñåé÷àñ æå òàêîãî èíôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íå îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ, ÷òî ìíîãîêðàòíî óâåëè÷èâàåò ÷èñëî æåðòâ.
Íåêîòîðûå ñïåöèàëèñòû âûäåëÿþò íåñêîëüêî òèïîâ øàðîâûõ ìîëíèé ïî ñòåïåíè îïàñíîñòè äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà: îêîëî 40% îòíîñÿò ê òåì, êîòîðûå ñïîñîáíû ìãíîâåííî óáèòü ÷åëîâåêà, 15% ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñîáî îïàñíûìè, à åùå 55% ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ìåíüøóþ îïàñíîñòü. Òàêàÿ ðàçíèöà îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ òåì, ÷òî øàðîâûå ìîëíèè âîîáùå îáëàäàþò ñòðàííûìè è íåïðåäñêàçóåìûìè ñâîéñòâàìè. Îíè ìîãóò áûòü ëþáîãî öâåòà, â òîì ÷èñëå è ÷åðíîãî, ñïîñîáíû ïîäíèìàòü è ïåðåíîñèòü ïðåäìåòû. Øàðîâûå ìîëíèè ñïîñîáíû âûáîðî÷íî èñïàðÿòü ïðåäìåòû ñ òåëà ÷åëîâåêà, íå îñòàâëÿÿ îæîãîâ, îáðàçîâûâàòü ïîëèìåðíûå ñòðóêòóðû, êîòîðûå ÷àñòî íàçûâàþò «ïåðüÿ ïòèöû Ôåíèêñ» èëè «âîëîñû àíãåëîâ».
Ïî ìíåíèþ Ñêëÿðîâà, â ÑÌÈ äåéñòâóåò ñâîåîáðàçíàÿ öåíçóðà íà òåìó øàðîâûõ ìîëíèé, òàê êàê òàêàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ ìîæåò âûçâàòü ïàíèêó.  ÑÌÈ ñêðûâàåòñÿ è çàíèæàåòñÿ ÷èñëî ñìåðòåé è èíöèäåíòîâ, ðàñïðîñòðàíÿþòñÿ ìàðãèíàëüíûå ìíåíèÿ î íåñóùåñòâîâàíèè øàðîâîé ìîëíèè, íàëè÷èè áîëåå 400 ãèïîòåç î íåé, ÷òî ïðåâðàùàåò åå â íåðåàëüíîå ÿâëåíèå. Ñðåäè äðóãèõ ïðèçíàêîâ íàçûâàþòñÿ ïóáëèêàöèè î ãðóïïå Äÿòëîâà, â êîòîðûõ ãëàâíûé ïîñûë ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî èõ óáèëî ÷òî óãîäíî, íî òîëüêî íå øàðîâàÿ ìîëíèÿ. Ñêëÿðîâ îòìå÷àþò, ÷òî Ñòîðîííèêè ýòîé âåðñèè äàæå íå ïðîòèâ ãèïîòåçû î ñíåæíîì ÷åëîâåêå. Ñêëÿðîâ îáðàùàåò âíèìàíèå íà ðàçíèöó ìåæäó ÷èñëîì òåêñòîâûõ ïóáëèêàöèé è âèäåîçàïèñåé ïîñëåäñòâèé øàðîâûõ ìîëíèé. Îí òàêæå ñ÷èòàåò, ÷òî â ÑÌÈ íàìåðåííî áûëè ââåäåíû ëîæíûå ïîíÿòèÿ «àíîìàëüíûõ çîí», òàê êàê ýòè ÿâëåíèÿ ðàâíî ðàñïðåäåëåíû ïî âðåìåíè è ìåñòó ïî âñåé ïëàíåòå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïî ìíåíèþ Ñêëÿðîâà, øàðîâóþ ìîëíèþ â âîñïðèÿòèè íàñåëåíèÿ ïûòàþòñÿ çàãíàòü â íåêèå ðåçåðâàöèè, ñäåëàâ åå áåçîïàñíîé.
Several million ball lightning arises in Russia annually
In November 2023, the correspondence of the deceased head of LAI Andrei Sklyarov was published in Darknet. Part of it is dedicated to the phenomenon of ball lightning. In particular, according to his data, several million ball lightning arises annually in Russia, that is, ball lightning is not some kind of rare phenomenon. Sklyarov also notes that ball lightning is a painful topic for science. So, according to some estimates in Russia, ball lightning annually cause about 38,000 fires with unidentified causes that become causes of death of 1,200 people. American experts believe that about 12% of all plane crashes can be caused by ball lightning. The theme of ball lightning has long causes fear, since it often penetrates the home in the house, and it is possible to defend itself only from it. Ball lightning occurs year -round and is not related to the presence of a thunderstorm. However, if a person sleeps or is intoxicated, then there is practically no chance of salvation. They are able to penetrate the glass, sockets and ventilation. Many experts note that ball lightning shows signs of reasonable behavior, which at the time of contact repeatedly enhances the fright. Often ball lightning does not explode, but arrange a fire, the causes of which cannot be installed. The reason that now the number of video recording of ball lightning is small, according to Sklyarov, is that people are accustomed to various light sources in the surrounding space, and can confuse ball lightning, for example, with a copter or a headlight of a scooter. Another reason is to freeze this topic in the media, which will be discussed later, only aggravates this situation. For example, in the USSR, schoolchildren informed what to do when meetings with ball lightning. Now such informing is not carried out, which repeatedly increases the number of victims. Some experts distinguish several types of balls in terms of danger to humans: about 40% attribute to those that can instantly kill a person, 15% are especially dangerous, and another 55% are less dangerous. This difference is explained by the fact that ball lightning generally possess strange and unpredictable properties. They can be of any color, including black, are able to raise and transfer objects. Ball lightning can selectively evaporate objects from the human body, without leaving burns, to form polymer structures, which are often called “Featers of the Phoenix” or “Hair of Angels”. According to Sklyarov, the media has a kind of censorship on the topic of ball lightning, since such information can cause panic. In the media, the number of deaths and incidents is hidden and underestimated, marginal opinions about the non -existence of ball lightning, the presence of more than 400 hypotheses about it, are spreading, which turns it into an unrealistic phenomenon. Among other signs, publications about the Dyatlov group are called, in which the main message is that anything killed them, but not ball lightning. Sklyarov note that supporters of this version are not even against the hypothesis of a snowy man. Sklyarov draws attention to the difference between the number of text publications and video recordings of the consequences of ball lightning. He also believes that the media intentionally introduced false concepts of “abnormal zones”, since these phenomena are equally distributed in time and place throughout the planet. Thus, according to Sklyarov, they try to drive ball lightning in the perception of the population into some reservations, making it safe.