_
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- — , . 1776-1778 " ", .
- . , — . . - . , . . . 100 38 — . . . . 194 ( ). 8 10 . . , . . — . . , , , , . . — , . — . - 1 . 90 . . . . " " 1946 .
"" ( ) 1778 , . " ". . . , , . , , , . , .
XVIII . , , "", "", "", "", . " " - , -. XVIII — XIX . , . , . , . , . , . . 1812 . " ". . " " " " (1813), " " (1814), "-" (1817) . . . " " (1820), " " (1822), . .
30- XIX " " — . , . , . , . , : "" (1827) "" (1831) , " " (1833), "" (1839), "" (1842), "" (1887) "" (1893) , " " (1904) "" . , , . : " , : "" . : "-" . , "" … , …" , " ". 1839 "". , " '", "", , . — . . . " " — . . . , .
XIX "" "", . , . . . , , , " " . . - . . . .
1887 " " — . , "". . . "" .
, , . . , . , . 1898 "". — . , "" , "" — . : , . , , , . . , , ( , ). , , , . "" . — ! 30- - -. . . 1931 . 12 ( 1943 ) , "" .
. 25 1945 . " ". " ". 1 . , : " "", ". 1946 . .
XIX XX — , , , , , , , . " " . : "" " " , " " , " " , " " "" , " " " " . " " . XX — . , , , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . .
- — "". , . . "" "". 1955 . . "". , , , , " ". — , , . , . . . "" . 1957 , 18 , "" 90- — .
- , , . , " ", . . . , . , . , . , . , . . . . , 1984 , , , .
, , , , . 1964 " " . 1974 " " , . , 1974 . , . . 1982 "" . — , . – . C 1986 . , , , .
, . 2001 . . 2004. , . , . 2030 . , . , , , .
, , 7 , , . , , . , , 1982 . , .
, – , , , , , , , , . , .