1872 -
, ( , . 369, . 774 ). 1873 . , , ,
, ... 1874 () , .
, , . . , 1877 , , . 1882 , 1891 . : (1897 .), ( 1899 .), (1902 .), (1904 .). , , : .. ( 1885 . ), .., ...
1898 -, .. , , , 800 . "" .
1898 . " "
1898 . , ( 1901 1912 ). 1901 ; 1902 , , , 1905 . 1912 ; 1915 : .. ..; " " ( .).
1898 . " " 2
: : , . , , , .
1905 1908 .. .., . 24 ( ) 1905 .. '' ( ..). .. :
1908 1911 ..
1911 1914 ..
1914 1917 ..
1917 1918 ..
.. (1918 1920 ). , : .., .., .., .., .., .., .., ... : ' ' ' ' ..; ' ', '', ' ' ..; ' ' .., '' ...
1920 1931 .
1920 " " . : 1919 1920 ( ); 1920 1921 ; 1921 1922 .
. "" - . . , , - .
118 . : 31 , 10 , 24 , 21 . : " ", " ", " ", "", " ", "", " " : "", " " .., " " .., "" .., "-" .-. . .
, 1923 1924 , . .. .., , , " " " ", .., " " .. " " .. .
1927 - 1930 .. 29 ( : .., .., ..) : " " ., "" .-, " 14-69" ., "" .. ( " ". 1929 ).
12 1930 30 1931 , ( "" ). : .., .., .., .., ... : " " .., "" ., "" ., " " ., " " .. ...
1931 1941 .
1931 1941 ... , . , , , . , . 1934 1935 : 2- - . : 30- , . " ", , .. ...
" ", " - " , , , , "" . 1938 1941 ., .. - " " " " , " 1918" . .. ...
1941 1945 .
. .., , , .., . . .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., ... .., " " . : "" ., " " ., "-" ., " " ..
1942 "" . . ... 1941 1943 . : " " . ., "" ., " " ., " " .. , . , . , , .
, 1944 ( ), , , . , - , 8 1945 .
1945 1968 .
1945 1952 , , " ". , . "" .. .. () .. (); "" .. " " .. ...
1954 .., .., , " " .. ( .., .., ..) " " . ...
.. (1956 1958 ), .. (1958 1963 ), .. (1963 1966 ). " " . .. , 2- (1958 ). . : .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., ... . .. " " .; .. - .; .. "" . ( ..); .. , ..
1968 1989 .
, , .. (1968 1977 ), .. (1977 1985 ), .. (1985 1987 ). " ". " " . . ... .. " " . ( .). " " . (1973 .., .., .., .. ..). .. "" " " . (), .' (), "" .. (), " " . (), " " . ( ).
.. . ., "" " " ., " " ... .. . (" ", " " .), " " ..
.. " " . ( ..) " " . ( ..).
1983 "". . 1985 " " . .. ( .. .., .., .., .., ..).
1987 .. ( 1962 ), .. . , .
1989 2000 .
1989 , .., ... . . (.., .., .., .., .., ..). : . . , . , . ; : (), (). : , - " " . "" " " .. , . , .. ( 1992 1994 ) "" , "" .; .. ( 1994 ) " " ., " " ., " " .., " " ., " " . , . ( 1958, 1970, 1974, 1982 ) , 90- , . .. " ". ., ., ., ., ., ., ., .; , : " " , ., ; " " .; " ", ; " "; "". " ". , , , . , , ; . " ". , : . 28 1999 125- . , , , . : , , . , .