400 àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëÿò âàì ñâîáîäíî îáùàòüñÿ â ëþáîé ñèòóàöèè |
Ñåãîäíÿ êîðîòêèé, íî óëüòðà-ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ïîñò, ïîñâÿùåííûé áàçå ñëîâàðíîãî çàïàñà. Òîò ñëîâàðíûé ìèíèìóì, êîòîðûé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãëàâíîé áàçîé äëÿ íàðàùèâàíèÿ îñòàëüíîãî âîêàáóëÿðà.
Èññëåäîâàòåëè Îêñôîðäñêîãî Óíèâåðñèòåòà, ïðîâåëè àíàëèç âñåõ ðàçíîâèäíîñòåé òåêñòîâ îò ëèòåðàòóðíûõ ïðîèçâåäåíèé äî áóëüâàðíîé ïðåññû, âêëþ÷àÿ òàêæå èíòåðíåò-÷àòû, ñîîáùåíèÿ ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òû è âåá-áëîãè.
Ýòî èññëåäîâàíèå îíè ïðîâîäèëè äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ñîñòàâèòü òàê íàçûâàåìûéOxford English Corpus (ñëîâàðíûé êîðïóñ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà ïî âåðñèè Îêñôîðäñêîãî Óíèâåðñèòåòà), êîòîðûé âêëþ÷èë â ñåáÿ áîëåå ìèëëèàðäà àíëèéñêèõ ñëîâ è âûðàæåíèé.
Èññëåäîâàíèå âûÿâèëî, ÷òî âñåãî 100 ñàìûõ ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåìûõ ñëîâ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà ïîêðûâàþò îêîëî 50% ëþáîãî àíãëèéñêîãî òåêñòà (ðå÷ü íå èäåò î ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííîé è íàó÷íîé ëèòåðàòóðå).
Åñëè ê ýòèì ñëîâàì äîáàâèòü 100 ñàìûõ ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåìûõ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ, 100 ñàìûõ ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóåìûõ ãëàãîëîâ è ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ, òî ïîëó÷èòñÿ áàçà ïðèìåðíî èç 400 ñëîâ, êîòîðûå âû â èçîáèëèè âñòðåòèòå â ëþáîì àíãëèéñêîì òåêñòå (ÿ ãîâîðþ «ïðèìåðíî» — íå ïîòîìó, ÷òî ÿ íå â ñîñòîÿíèè òî÷íî ñëîæèòü 100, 100, 100 è 100 :-), à ïîòîìó ÷òî ÷àñòè÷íî ñëîâà èç òðåõ ïîñëåäíèõ ñîòåí âõîäÿò â ïåðâóþ ñîòíþ ñàìûõ èñïëüçóåìûõ ñëîâ). Çíàíèå ýòèõ ñëîâ ïîìîæåò âàì ïðîùå íàðàùèâàòü ñâîé äàëüíåéøèé âîêàáóëÿð.
Èòàê, äðóçüÿ, íèæå âû ìîæåòå íàéòè ýòó êîëëåêöèþ ñëîâ, èç êîòîðîé äîëæåí ñîñòîÿòü ìèíèìàëüíûé ñëîâàðíûé çàïàñ êàæäîãî èçó÷àþùåãî àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå, ãëàãîëû è ïðèëàãàòåëüíûå âçÿòû èç ñëîâàðíîãî êîðïóñà ñîâðåìåííîãî àìåðèêàíñêîãî àíãëèéñêîãî Corpus of Contemporary American English.
×òîáû ýôôåêòèâíåé ñïðàâèòüñÿ ñ çàäà÷åé çàïîìèíàíèÿ ïåðâûõ 400 ñëîâ, íå íóæíî èõ çàó÷èâàòü. Ïîïðîáóéòå ëó÷øå ïåðâîå âðåìÿ ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ òîëüêî ýòèìè ñëîâàìè, êîãäà ïèøåòå òåêñòû, èëè ãîòîâèòå ðàññêàç.
Íà ïåðâûé âçãëÿä — ýòî ìîæåò ïîêàçàòüñÿ ãëóïîé èãðîé, íî íà ñàìîì äåëå òàêîé ïîäõîä äàñò âàì îäíî î÷åíü öåííîå óìåíèå äëÿ áûñòðîãî èçëîæåíèÿ ìûñëåé äîñòóïíûì âàì íàáîðîì ñëîâ.
Óìåíèå áåãëî ãîâîðèòü íà àíãëèéñêîì èëè áûñòðî ïèñàòü (íàïðèìåð, â ÷àòå èëè ïî ñêàéïó) çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ âîâñå íå â îáëàäàíèè øèðîêèì âîêàáóëÿðîì, à êàê ðàç â óìåíèè áûñòðî ïîäîáðàòü ñëîâà èç äîñòóïíîãî âàì íàáîðà. Ïîëåçíûé íàâûê, îñîáåííî â ðàçãîâîðíîé ïðàêòèêå.
ß íàìåðåííî íå ñòàë ïåðåâîäèòü ýòè ñëîâà. Åñëè ñðåäè íèõ åñòü òå, ÷òî âàì íå çíàêîìû, ïåðåâåäèòå èõ ñàìè — ýòî áóäåò âàø ïåðâûé ýòàï äëÿ èõ çàïîìèíàíèÿ. Ïðè ïîìîùè èíòåðàêòèâíîãî ïåðåâîä÷èêà OnTranslator, î êîòîðîì ÿ óæå ïèñàë çäåñü, ñäåëàòü ýòî áóäåò ëåãêî è ïðîñòî.
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1. the 2. be 3. to 4. of 5. and 6. a 7. in 8. that 9. have 10. I 11. it 12. for 13. not 14. on 15. with 16. he 17. as 18. you 19. do 20. at 21. this 22. but 23. his 24. by 25. from |
26. they 27. we 28. say 29. her 30. she 31. or 32. an 33. will 34. my 35. one 36. all 37. would 38. there 39. their 40. what 41. so 42. up 43. out 44. if 45. about 46. who 47. get 48. which 49. go 50. me |
51. when 52. make 53. can 54. like 55. time 56. no 57. just 58. him 59. know 60. take 61. people 62. into 63. year 64. your 65. good 66. some 67. could 68. them 69. see 70. other 71. than 72. then 73. now 74. look 75. only |
76. come 77. its 78. over 79. think 80. also 81. back 82. after 83. use 84. two 85. how 86. our 87. work 88. first 89. well 90. way 91. even 92. new 93. want 94. because 95. any 96. these 97. give 98. day 99. most 100. us |
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1. time 2. year 3. people 4. way 5. day 6. man 7. thing 8. woman 9. life 10. child 11. world 12. school 13. state 14. family 15. student 16. group 17. country 18. problem 19. hand 20. part 21. place 22. case 23. week 24. company 25. system |
26. program 27. question 28. work 29. government 30. number 31. night 32. point 33. home 34. water 35. room 36. mother 37. area 38. money 39. story 40. fact 41. month 42. lot 43. right 44. study 45. book 46. eye 47. job 48. word 49. business 50. issue |
51. side 52. kind 53. head 54. house 55. service 56. friend 57. father 58. power 59. hour 60. game 61. line 62. end 63. member 64. law 65. car 66. city 67. community 68. name 69. president 70. team 71. minute 72. idea 73. kid 74. body 75. information |
76. back 77. parent 78. face 79. others 80. level 81. office 82. door 83. health 84. person 85. art 86. war 87. history 88. party 89. result 90. change 91. morning 92. reason 93. research 94. girl 95. guy 96. moment 97. air 98. teacher 99. force 100. education |
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1. be 2. have 3. do 4. say 5. go 6. can 7. get 8. would 9. make 10. know 11. will 12. think 13. take 14. see 15. come 16. could 17. want 18. look 19. use 20. find 21. give 22. tell 23. work 24. may 25. should |
26. call 27. try 28. ask 29. need 30. feel 31. become 32. leave 33. put 34. mean 35. keep 36. let 37. begin 38. seem 39. help 40. talk 41. turn 42. start 43. might 44. show 45. hear 46. play 47. run 48. move 49. like 50. live |
51. believe 52. hold 53. bring 54. happen 55. must 56. write 57. provide 58. sit 59. stand 60. lose 61. pay 62. meet 63. include 64. continue 65. set 66. learn 67. change 68. lead 69. understand 70. watch 71. follow 72. stop 73. create 74. speak 75. read |
76. allow 77. add 78. spend 79. grow 80. open 81. walk 82. win 83. offer 84. remember 85. love 86. consider 87. appear 88. buy 89. wait 90. serve 91. die 92. send 93. expect 94. build 95. stay 96. fall 97. cut 98. reach 99. kill 100. remain |
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1. other 2. new 3. good 4. high 5. old 6. great 7. big 8. American 9. small 10. large 11. national 12. young 13. different 14. black 15. long 16. little 17. important 18. political 19. bad 20. white 21. real 22. best 23. right 24. social 25. only |
26. public 27. sure 28. low 29. early 30. able 31. human 32. local 33. late 34. hard 35. major 36. better 37. economic 38. strong 39. possible 40. whole 41. free 42. military 43. true 44. federal 45. international 46. full 47. special 48. easy 49. clear 50. recent |
51. certain 52. personal 53. open 54. red 55. difficult 56. available 57. likely 58. short 59. single 60. medical 61. current 62. wrong 63. private 64. past 65. foreign 66. fine 67. common 68. poor 69. natural 70. significant 71. similar 72. hot 73. dead 74. central 75. happy |
76. serious 77. ready 78. simple 79. left 80. physical 81. general 82. environmental 83. financial 84. blue 85. democratic 86. dark 87. various 88. entire 89. close 90. legal 91. religious 92. cold 93. final 94. main 95. green 96. nice 97. huge 98. popular 99. traditional 100. cultural |
| Êîììåíòèðîâàòü | « Ïðåä. çàïèñü — Ê äíåâíèêó — Ñëåä. çàïèñü » | Ñòðàíèöû: [1] [Íîâûå] |