Àáåëü Êàðë Ôðèäðèõ. Viola da gamba |
ÀÁÅËÜ ÊÀÐË ÔÐÈÄÐÈÕ (1723–1787)

Portrait of Carl Friedrich Abel, composer and viol master—
German-born but residing in England most of his life—posed with his viola da gamba.
By Thomas Gainsborough, c. 1765.
Îäèí èç ñàìûõ òàëàíòëèâûõ è íûíå íåäîîöåí¸ííûõ êîìïîçèòîðîâ ýòî Êàðë Ôðèäðèõ Àáåëü. Òàëàíò åãî ñðåäè ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé êîìïîçèòîðîâ ãàëàíòíîé ýïîõè âûäåëÿåòñÿ íåâîîáðàçèìîé ìåëîäè÷íîñòüþ. Êîìïîçèòîð-ãàìáèñò â ñåðåäèíå 18 âåêà, ýòî óæå èíòåðåñíî, òåì áîëå èíòåðåñåí åãî ïóòü îò èñïîëíèòåëüñòâà ê ñî÷èíèòåëüñòâó, êîè îí ñòîëü óäà÷íî ñîâìåùàë. À âçðàùèâàë îí â ñåáå êîìïîçèòîðà â Äðåçäåíå, â îðêåñòðå Õàññå, öåëûõ 10 ëåò, ïîñëå ÷åãî íà÷àë ãîëîâîêðóæèòåëüíóþ êàðüåðó..
Àáåëü áûë îäíèì èç ïîñëåäíèõ âûäàþùèõñÿ âèðòóîçîâ-ãàìáèñòîâ.
Ñóäÿ ïî ñîõðàíèâøåìóñÿ ïîðòðåòó, Àáåëü èãðàë íà 6-ñòðóííîì èíñòðóìåíòå áåç ëàäîâ.
Âèîëà äà ãàìáà (èòàë. viola da gamba — íîæíàÿ âèîëà) — ñòàðèííûé ñòðóííûé ñìû÷êîâûé ìóçûêàëüíûé èíñòðóìåíò ñåìåéñòâà âèîë, áëèçêèé ïî ðàçìåðó è äèàïàçîíó ñîâðåìåííîé âèîëîí÷åëè. Íà âèîëå äà ãàìáà èãðàëè ñèäÿ, äåðæà èíñòðóìåíò ìåæäó íîã èëè ïîëîæèâ áîêîì íà áåäðî, — îòñþäà íàçâàíèå.
Èç âñåãî âèîëüíîãî ñåìåéñòâà âèîëà äà ãàìáà äîëåå âñåõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ ñîõðàíÿëà ñâî¸ çíà÷åíèå: äëÿ íå¸ íàïèñàíû ìíîãèå ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ âàæíåéøèõ àâòîðîâ ñåðåäèíû XVIII âåêà. Îäíàêî óæå â êîíöå ñòîëåòèÿ ýòè ïàðòèè èñïîëíÿëèñü íà âèîëîí÷åëè. øòå íàçâàë Êàðëà Ôðèäðèõà Àáåëÿ ïîñëåäíèì âèðòóîçîì íà ãàìáå.  íà÷àëå XX âåêà èñïîëíèòåëè-àóòåíòèñòû âîçðîäèëè âèîëó äà ãàìáà: ïåðâûì ãàìáèñòîì íîâîãî âðåìåíè ñòàë Õðèñòèàí ĸáåðàéíåð, äåáþòèðîâàâøèé â ýòîì êà÷åñòâå â 1905 ã. èñïîëíåíèåì ñîíàòû Àáåëÿ.
Èñòî÷íèê
Abel - WKO 207 per viola da gamba - Nima Ben David
Abel - WKO 205 per viola da gamba - Nima Ben David
Karl Friedrich Abel, sonata in d minor, Ralph Rousseau Meulenbroeks viola da gamba
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