Abstract:

The color of a tooth image region is corrected so as not to form an unnatural face image. To this end, a first image region corresponding to teeth is detected from the image. A second image region corresponding to a face portion other than the teeth is detected from the image. Then, the color of the first image region is corrected based on the feature amounts of the colors of the first and second image regions.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to image processing for a face image region.

2. Description of the Related Art

A technique for improving the image quality of a portrait is drawing increased attention. For example, a red eye correction technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-247596, a technique which corrects a portrait to make skin look smooth is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-250227, and the like are available.

In order to improve the impression of a portrait, the improvements of image qualities of not only eyes and skin but also the mouth have large influences. For example, correcting yellowed or stained teeth to be white makes these teeth look fresh and healthy, thus improving the impression of the entire portrait. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-059162 discloses an invention which detects a tooth image region (to be referred to as a tooth image hereinafter) from a face image region (to be referred to as a face image hereinafter), and corrects the detected tooth image to be white according to a predetermined target value.

However, human perception is sensitive to the image quality of a face image. A balance is required between the colors of a given organ and another organ, and if the color of the given organ is largely different from that of another organ, one feels unnatural. For example, when a tooth image undergoes white correction, if the chroma level of the ...

Organic light emitting display and its method of fabrication

Abstract:

The present invention relates to a mark partitioning inspection method. A reference image and an inspection image are respectively acquired, and a correlation in a character unit for the reference image and the inspection image is obtained, and then the correlation value is compared with a first threshold value that has been previously set. Then, when the correlation value is greater than the first threshold value, the relevant character is partitioned into a predetermined number of regions, and a correlation between the reference image and the inspection image is obtained for each of the partitioned regions, and then a difference between the maximum and minimum values of the correlation is compared with a second threshold value that has been previously set. Here, even if a low defectiveness is revealed, the mark partitioning inspection method is capable of precisely determining whether or not it is defective, by determining the inspection image to be defective if the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the correlation is greater than the second threshold value, and by determining the inspection image to be normal when the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the correlation is smaller than the second threshold value.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application derives priority from Patent Application 10-2008-0027802 filed in the Republic of Korea on Mar. 26, 2008 which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method for inspecting on exterior of a semiconductor package, and more particularly, to a mark partitioning inspection method.

2. Description of the Background

The machine vision technology that has been developed in recent years is an important technology in automatic semiconductor package inspection. In the semic ...

Switchable lens

Abstract:

A three dimensional image processing apparatus includes a feature point designation unit which designates feature points on at least two selected images selected from a plurality of images in different radiographing directions, a three dimensional position calculation unit which calculates a three dimensional position associated with a feature point, a two dimensional position calculation unit which calculates the two dimensional position of a feature point on an unselected image on the basis of the calculated three dimensional position of the feature point, a feature point extraction unit which extracts a feature point from an unselected image, a positional shift calculation unit which calculates a positional shift of the two dimensional position of the extracted feature point with respect to the calculated two dimensional position of the feature point, and a correction unit which corrects the position of the unselected image on the basis of the calculated positional shift.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a three dimensional image processing apparatus which reconstructs a three dimensional image from a plurality of X-ray images obtained in different radiographing directions and an X-ray diagnosis apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

Recently, studies have been made on a technique of reconstructing a three dimensional image from a plurality of X-ray images obtained in different radiographing directions using the same technique as that for X-ray computed tomography. For example, this technique is useful for cardiovascular examination. Since heart blood vessels, move in accordance with heart beating motion, motion artifacts occur.

In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to correct the motions of coronary vessels. In addition, since the motion of the heart is not constant, motion correction based ...

Organic light emitting diode display with a power line in a non-pixel region

Abstract:

A method and apparatus for obtaining, hashing, storing and using fingerprint data related to fingerprint minutia including the steps of: a) determining minutia points within a fingerprint, b) determining a plurality of sets of proximate determined minutia points, c) subjecting a plurality of representations of the determined sets of minutia points to a hashing function, and d) storing or comparing resulting hashed values for fingerprint matching.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to biometrics, i.e. the study of measurable biological characteristics, and more particularly relates to establishment of the identity of an individual through his or her physiological characteristics and more especially relates to secure archiving of fingerprint information and its use for comparative identification.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Biometrics presents an accurate method for personal identification and authentication. Biometric data that may be used for identification and authentication include, but are not limited to: facial characteristics; fingerprints; hand geometry; capillary arrangement in the retina; iris ring color; signature; vein arrangement, e.g. on the back of the hand; voice tone, pitch, cadence and frequency patterns; and DNA structure. Especially useful is fingerprint information in that to date no two individuals have been found having identical fingerprints. Furthermore, fingerprints are easily obtained and are often left on surfaces touched or handled by an individual making them ideal for crime and missing person investigations.

Although fingerprints provide a reliable means of establishing the identity of an individual, their use presents its own vulnerabilities.

There are many applications where a secured identity is useful, e.g. for bank account access; security risk area access, e.g. for defense and secret or potentially dangerous research ...

Conducting polymer composition and electronic device including layer obtained using the conducting polymer composition

Abstract:

An objective measure of human beauty is determined by a beauty quantification system. The beauty quantification system comprises a beauty quantification processor, a beauty measure datastore, a beauty score datastore, a user computing device, and a network. The beauty measure datastore comprises quantifiable measures of beauty of a body region. The beauty quantification processor comprises instructions for receiving user data indicative of physical attributes of a selected body region of the user, obtaining measures of beauty from the beauty measures datastore associated with the selected body region, evaluating the user data against the beauty measures of the selected body region, determining a user score indicative of the beauty of the selected body region of the user, storing the user score in the beauty score datastore, and comparing the user score to a score stored in the beauty score datastore. The beauty quantification processor may also suggest enhancements to one or more body regions to improve the user score. The suggested enhancements may be presented as an ordered listed organized by a relative cost benefit measure.

Description:

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

Beauty is commonly defined as a characteristic present in a person, place, object or idea that provides a perceptual experience of pleasure, meaning or satisfaction to the mind or to the eyes, arising from sensory manifestations such as a shape, color, personality, sound, design or rhythm. Beauty is studied as part of aesthetics, sociology, social psychology and culture. Beauty, as a cultural creation, is also extremely commercialized.

In a subjective sense, beauty is determined by characteristics that are perceived in such a way as to provide the “viewer” a feeling of attraction or a sense of well-being. A person, scene, or thing may be perceived as beautiful or ugly by different individuals. In the subjective sense, “beauty exi ...

Organic light emitting display having reduced manufacturing shorts and method of fabricating the same

Abstract:

A method and system for recognizing hand signs that include overlapping or adjoining hands from a depth image. A linked structure comprising multiple segments is generated from the depth image including overlapping or adjoining hands. The hand pose of the overlapping or adjoining hands is determined using either (i) a constrained optimization process in which a cost function and constraint conditions are used to classify segments of the linked graph to two hands or (ii) a tree search process in which a tree structure including a plurality of nodes is used to obtain the most-likely hand pose represented by the depth image. After determining the hand pose, the segments of the linked structure are matched with stored shapes to determine the sign represented by the depth image.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE To RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/129,164 titled “Sign Based Human-Machine Interaction” filed on May 12, 2005 by Fujimura et al. and published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0271279, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to human-machine interaction, and more particularly to recognizing hand signs in sign language.

2. Description of Background Art

With the advent of super-fast computing systems and highly efficient digital imaging systems, the field of computer vision based man-machine interaction has undergone a period of significant technological advancements. From simple motion detection systems where motion triggers a response from a machine (e.g., surveillance systems) to highly complex three-dimensional (“3D”) imaging sign recognition systems have been the subject of significant development in the last few years. For example, in the area of sign based human-machine commun ...

Light-emitting material, light-emitting body, and light-emitting method

Abstract:

An image generation apparatus includes an information acquisition section and an image generation section. The information acquisition section acquires record information to be recorded on a recording medium. The image generation section generates an image including code pattern images and a latent image for checking paper being copied. The code pattern image represents the record information acquired by the information acquisition section. The latent image for checking paper being copied includes second pattern images each having a smaller size than each code pattern image and third pattern images each having a larger size than each code pattern image.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. В§119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-293327 filed Oct. 27, 2006.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The invention relates to an image generation apparatus and a recording medium.

Void paper is a medium (paper) in which a latent image for forgery-proof (latent image for checking paper being copied) is embedded. If an attempt is made to copy the medium (paper) with a copier, a character string or an image such as “copy invalid” appears on a copy, making it possible to identify the copy. Such paper is also used for a certificate of a city office and is widely distributed.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the invention, an image generation apparatus includes an information acquisition section and an image generation section. The information acquisition section acquires record information to be recorded on a recording medium. The image generation section generates an image including code pattern images and a latent image for checking paper being copied. The code pattern image represents the record information acquired by the information acquisition section. The latent image for checking pape ...

Light-emitting device and electronic apparatus

Abstract:

A method of converting electrical signals into mechanical vibration by means of a transducer in the human ear, an ear canal transducer and a headset wherein a sensation of hearing is achieved by exciting the tissue of the ear canal directly with said transducer, whereby the vibrations propagate to the tympanic membrane and into the human sound sensing organs.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method of converting electrical signals into mechanical vibration in an ear canal. The present invention also relates to a method of converting mechanical vibration into electric signals in an ear canal.

The present invention further relates to an ear canal transducer. The present invention further relates to a headset for electronic devices, such as mobile phones, with an ear canal transducer suitable for a connection to an electronic device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Headsets are used as loudspeakers to listen to sound produced by a wide variety of electronic audio devices. Examples of such devices that are used with a headset are a broadcast radio receiver, a CD Player, an MP3 player, two way radio, mobile phone and television receiver. A headset can be connected to the audio device by a cable or with a wireless connection such as Bluetooth, DECT, or another wireless technology. Wireless connections can be used to free the user from being tied directly to the audio device by a cable. A headset typically includes an audio transducer worn close to the ear. In case the headset provides audio for both ears, the headset has a pair of transducers, one for each ear. The headset also includes any additional electronics required to connect the headset to the audio device the user wishes to listen to, and optionally, additional user interface (UI) features such as a volume control. In case of a wireless headset, a battery, a solar cell or another power source i ...

Antistatic film, spacer using it and picture display unit

Abstract:

An alternative sensing circuit for a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone and a sensing method thereof are provided. The sensing circuit reads out output signals of an MEMS electret microphone or an MEMS condenser microphone. In considering different operating requirements of the different MEMS microphones, for example, low power consumption for the MEMS electret condenser microphone or high sensitivity for the MEMS condenser microphone, the manner of using two kinds of MEMS microphone sensing components in one circuit can significantly increase the flexibility of using the MEMS microphone and can be applied to the application or design of a condenser sensing component.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 95149985, filed Dec. 29, 2006. All disclosure of the Taiwan application is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a sensing circuit for a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone. More particularly, the present invention relates to an integrated alternative sensing circuit for an MEMS microphone and a sensing method thereof.

2. Description of Related Art

Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technique is a design based on microminiaturized mechanical structures, which among others, is mainly used in three fields including micro sensor, micro actuator, and micro structure components. The micro sensor can employ relative semiconductor process techniques, and thus can be integrated with integrated circuits (ICs). Therefore, the competitiveness of this technique is improved, and this technique is also highly regarded. Micro sensor is a micro component having characteristics of a sensor, and can converts external physical or chemical status (e.g. light, heat, magnetism, sound, ...

Semiconductor light emitting apparatus including elongated hollow wavelength conversion tubes and methods of assembling same

Abstract:

A noise control system is operable within a box-like structure provided by the dual bulkhead plenum of the vehicle dashboard positioned within the transfer path along which the noise is being transmitted from the source of the generated noise to the receiver of the noise in the passenger compartment of an automobile. The plenum is divided into discrete chambers into each of which is provided a counter noise generating apparatus to create a counteracting noise offsetting the noise generated at the source. The acoustic resonance of the chambers amplifies the noise control energy. The geometry of the individual chambers can be varied to optimize the packaging and sound control or shaping strategy. The sound energy permitted to pass through the plenum to the driver"s side of the passenger compartment can be tuned to be different than the noise received in the passenger"s side.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to the control the noise generated by an automotive vehicle and, more particularly, to the reduction of noise in the passenger compartment of an automotive vehicle by controlling the transmission of the noise along the acoustic transfer path from the source of the noise to the receiver of the noise with a box-like structure divided into chambers to utilize the acoustic resonance of the respective chambers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The operation of the powertrain in an automobile is one of the major contributors of noise received within the passenger compartment of the automobile. With new powertrain technology, such as electronic valve actuation and variable displacement engine, new methods are needed to control the interior noise. In order to improve customer perceived interior noise quality, passenger compartment active noise control has been a popular strategy for study. Such methods of noise control are discussed below relative to prior art do ...

Dielectric layer containing carbon for a plasma display panel

Abstract:

A system and a methods for correcting, simultaneously at multiple-listener positions, distortions introduced by the acoustical characteristics includes warping room responses, intelligently weighing the warped room acoustical responses to form a weighted response, a low order spectral fitting to the weighted response, forming a warped filter from the low order spectral fit, and unwarping the warped filter to form the room acoustical correction filter.

Description:

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to multi-channel audio and particularly to the delivery of high quality and distortion-free multi-channel audio in an enclosure.

2. Description of the Background Art

The inventors have recognized that the acoustics of an enclosure (e.g., room, automobile interior, movie theaters, etc.) playa major role in introducing distortions in the audio signal perceived by listeners.

A typical room is an acoustic enclosure that can be modeled as a linear system whose behavior at a particular listening position is characterized by an impulse response, h(n) {n=0, 1, . . . N−1}. This is called the room impulse response and has an associated frequency response, H(ejω). Generally, H(ejω) is also referred to as the room transfer function (RTF). The impulse response yields a complete description of the changes a sound signal undergoes when it travels from a source to a receiver (microphone/listener). The signal at the receiver contains consists of direct path components, discrete reflections that arrive a few milliseconds after the direct sound, as well as a reverberant field component.

It is well established that room responses change with source and receiver locations in a room. A room response can be uniquely defined for a set of spatial coordinates (Xi, Yi, Zi). This assumes that the source (loudspeaker) is at origin (0, 0, 0) and the receiver (microphone ...

Tanning lamp

Abstract:

A method is provided for coherently demodulating a chaotic sequence spread spectrum signal at a receiver (104). The method includes receiving a chaotic sequence spread spectrum signal including a plurality of information symbols. The method also includes generating a first string of discrete time chaotic samples. The first string of discrete time chaotic samples is identical to a second string of discrete time chaotic samples generated at a transmitter. The method further includes processing the chaotic sequence spread spectrum signal at the receiver to identify a time offset and a frequency offset relative to the first string of discrete time chaotic samples. Each of the discrete time chaotic samples of the first string of discrete time chaotic samples has a shorter sample time interval than the duration of the information symbols.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Statement of the Technical Field

The invention concerns communications systems. More particularly, the invention concerns a chaotic communications system receiver configured to recover the input data from a chaotically spread transmitted signal. This spreading consists of combining an amplitude-and-time-discrete signal with a chaotic sequence.

2. Description of the Related Art

Pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) generally utilize digital logic or a digital computer and one or more algorithms to generate a sequence of numbers. While the output of conventional PRNG may approximate some of the properties of random numbers, they are not truly random. Since the algorithms used for generating pseudorandom sequences are deterministic, such sequences will always be periodic.

Chaotic systems can generally be thought of as systems which vary unpredictably unless all of its properties are known. When measured or observed, chaotic systems do not reveal any discernible regularity or order. Chaotic systems are distin ...

LED lamp assembly

Abstract:

A cipher key is generated by first information shared in secrete between a data transmitting unit 10 and a data receiving unit 20, second information derived from duplication control information of transmit data and third information which is time change information shared between the data transmitting unit and the data receiving unit to cipher data by a CPU 12 by using the above-mentioned cipher key to transmit, from the data transmitting unit 10 to the data receiving unit 20, transmit data in which the duplication control information and the time change information are added to the ciphered data.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to a data transmission system and a data transmission method for carrying out transmission of data from a data transmitting unit to a data receiving unit, and a data transmitting apparatus, a data transmitting method, a data receiving apparatus and a data receiving method.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, e.g., in homes, there are being popularised systems in which plural AV equipments are connected through digital interface to carry out transmission of digital data such as music information or video information, etc. or record such data. For example, there have been developed AV equipments such as video camera, and Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) (Trade Name) player, etc. having interface of IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) 1394 high performance serial bus standard (hereinafter simply referred to as IEEE 1394 serial bus) which is digital bus.

Meanwhile, ordinarily, cinema data, etc. are information having copyright, and it is therefore necessary to prevent an unjust copy by user, etc.

In order to prevent unjust copy by user, etc. e.g., in Mini Disk (MD) (Trade Name) system, there is used a method called SCMS (Serial Copy Management System). SCMS data is information caused to undergo transmission alo ...

Light assembly

Abstract:

The invention provides a microphone coupler system for a communication device. The coupler system comprises: a microphone; a printed circuit board (PCB) to connect to the microphone; a platform having an aperture; a boot assembly to enclose the microphone and to direct acoustic signals to the microphone; and an acoustic channel formed in part by the boot assembly and a bottom surface of the platform when the boot assembly is mounted over the microphone and the platform is mounted over the boot assembly. The boot assembly has a coupling section shaped to hold the microphone with the aperture facing upward from the PCB and a lateral rib extending around its exterior to mate with an interior surface of the platform.

Description:

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates to a microphone coupler system for a communication device. In particular, the invention provides a system having a microphone coupler providing a conduit allowing a microphone for the device to be placed in different locations while maintaining acceptable levels of acoustic performance for the microphone.

BACKGROUND

Many types of electronic communication devices provide voice communication capabilities, such as telephones, cellular telephones and walkie talkies. Generally, such devices have a handset incorporating a microphone and a speaker. The microphone takes the locally generated audible signals (e.g. a user"s voice) and the speaker recreates the remotely received audible signals (e.g. the other party"s voice). Electronic circuits connected to the microphone convert the locally generated audible signals into electronic signals for further processing and transmission by the device. Other electronic circuits provide the electronic signals embodying the received audible signals to the speaker. General performance parameters influence the placement of the microphone and speaker in such devices. For example, the microphone sh ...

Electron emitter and a display apparatus utilizing the same

Abstract:

A method and system for selectively establishing a communications connection between an origin and destination in a communications network based on one or mediations rules and one or more lists of prohibited and exempted destination identifiers either in real-time using a control unit or with a pre-check using an analysis unit while also providing notification messages associated with the allowed or designated allowed communications connections.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Recently, federal and state solicitation laws and regulations have mandated that a consumer, who expresses a desire not to be solicited by telephone or other electronic media such as electronic mail, not be called or e-mailed. By regulation, such as the United States Federal Trade Commission"s (FTC) Telemarketing Sales Rules (TSR), a business must maintain a list of telephone numbers for such consumers, known as a “Do-Not-Call” (DNC) list, and take appropriate measures to ensure that outgoing calls to telephone numbers on a DNC list are somehow blocked. The federal government is also considering the establishment of a federal “Do-Not-E-Mail” list to enable a consumer to prevent electronic mail solicitations.

The DNC lists can include one or more lists specific to a particular business, as well as state-wide, national and industry-imposed lists such as the Direct Marketing Association (DMA) Telephone Preference Service (TPS) list. A single violation of a federal and/or State DNC regulation may result in a substantial fine. Thus, DNC compliance management is a particularly critical and challenging issue for businesses that rely on telephone solicitations as a core marketing tool.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Systems exist for handling DNC compliance management. However, there is a need for a more flexible approach that can accommodate cases in which a blocked or prohibited number may still be reac ...

Germicidal lamp

Abstract:

A system and method are disclosed for providing simple unified messaging. A method incorporating teachings of the present disclosure may include receiving an indication of a call from a calling party to a called party and answering the call at a premises of the called party. The calling party may be prompted to leave a message, and at least a portion of the message may be saved as an audio file. In response to recognizing that the calling party left the message, an outgoing message may be prepared. The audio file may be attached to the outgoing message, which may be addressed to a network node associated with a unified messaging mailbox of the called party. The message may then be sent from the premises to the network node. By employing teachings disclosed herein, a user may be able to make use of existing premises components and equipment to implement a network-based unified messaging system.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates generally to messaging services, and more specifically to a system and method for simple unified messaging.

BACKGROUND

Depending on implementation details, a unified messaging service may effectively provide a subscriber with a single network-based repository for voice mail, electronic mail (email) and facsimile communications (fax). Most unified messaging services are designed to allow the subscriber to retrieve saved messages with one phone call or one visit to a website. While unified messaging services may provide some attractive features to subscribers, the services may be costly and complicated to implement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the Figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements are exaggerated relative to other elements. Embodiments incorporating tea ...

Tuning fork oscillating piece, tuning fork oscillator, and acceleration sensor

Abstract:

A dental complex imaging system includes a base and chair on the base for allowing a patient sit; a base-mounted pole adjacent to the chair; a support part extending toward the patient; an expanding and contracting part pivotally coupled to the support part; a radiation generator that moves with the part for emitting radiation for an imaging mode selected from cephalography, panoramic radiography, and CT scanning; a detector disposed on the other side of the part and opposed to the generator; and a controller for reading imaging information, wherein the generator is disposed to slide to adjust a distance between itself and the detector according to the imaging mode while the patient sits on the chair.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the National Phase of International Application No. PCT/KR2007/004667 filed Sep. 21, 2007, which claims the priority of PCT Application No. PCT/KR2006/003763, filed on Sep. 22, 2006. The contents of both applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a dental complex imaging system, and more particularly, to a dental complex imaging system, which can conduct computed tomography (CT) imaging, panoramic radiography, and cephalography with one system.

BACKGROUND ART

In general, in the field of dentistry, using a dental X-ray imaging system for dental treatment or orthodontics, various imaging methods have been utilized, for instance, a panoramic radiography image scanning of the entire structure of teeth and the alveolar bone, a cephalometric image scanning of areas ranging from the front to the rear and ranging from the rear to the front of a patient"s head and jawbone, and of the left side and the right side of the patient"s head and jawbone, and a method of imaging the patient"s oral cavity by irradiating a narrow x-ray beam to the pa ...

Piezoelectric single crystal device

Abstract:

A preamble detector for a plurality of streams of baseband digitized signals has a plurality of preamble processors, each preamble processor coupled to an input and generating an output. Each preamble processor has an input coupled to a first delay, the output of the first delay coupled to a second delay generating an output. The first and second delay are substantially equal to a preamble part. A first multiplier generates an output from a conjugated output of the second delay output and a first delay output. A second multiplier generates an output from a conjugated first delay output and an input stream. The first and second multiplier outputs are accumulated over an interval, and the complex output of the accumulator is formed into a magnitude, thereby generating the output of each preamble processor. The outputs of the preamble processors are summed and compared to a threshold to generate a preamble detect.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the detection of preambles transmitted by orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems such as those described in the IEEE 802.16e WiMAX standard. In particular, the invention relates to the detection of preambles received by a Subscriber Station (SS) in the presence of interference from neighboring Base Stations (BS).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard uses Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) to enable multiple users to be serviced with data transfer, coordinated by a Base Station. Synchronized time slots are allocated for data transmission from the BS to the Mobile Subscriber (MS), a direction of data flow known as a downlink, and for data transmission from the MS to the BS, known as an uplink. Uplink communications and downlink communications may use the same frequency band and are therefore differentiated by time slot. The 802.16e standard uses Orthogonal Frequency Divis ...

Substrate with a piezoelectric thin film

Abstract:

An acquisition apparatus includes: a first phase-calculating section that calculates a first correlation value by performing correlating operation of a reception signal and a reference signal and determines whether or not the first correlation value is equal to or greater than a first threshold; a threshold calculating section that calculates a second threshold by performing averaging operation of the first correlation value and the first threshold when the first correlation value is equal to or greater than the first threshold; and a second phase-calculating section that calculates a second correlation value by performing correlating operation of the reception signal and the reference signal on a basis of a phase of the reference signal which realizes the first correlation value equal to or greater than the first threshold, and determines whether or not the second correlation value is equal to or greater than the second threshold.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-269612, filed Sep. 29, 2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the invention relates to an acquisition apparatus and method for use in a mobile communication system using a direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) scheme.

In CDMA mobile communications, acquisition is the most basic function first required prior to a start of communications. Because acquisition requires a time constituting an overhead of communications, the speed increase thereof is important.

Acquisition is a method of establishing a synchronization by generating spreading codes (reference signals) in predetermined timing at a mobile station and matching those to the timing of spreading codes of from the base station while deviati ...

Piezoelectric device, angular velocity sensor, electronic apparatus, and production method of a piezoelectric device