Abstract:

A MIMO-OFDM transmission and reception apparatus is provided which allows high accuracy estimation of frequency offset; high accuracy estimation of a transmission path fluctuation and high accuracy synchronization/signal detection. A mapping section generates a plurality of OFDM signals. In these OFDM signals, some pilot carriers are assigned to the same carrier position and orthogonal sequences are assigned to the same time slot in the same carrier position.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a MIMO-OFDM transmission apparatus and a MIMO-OFDM transmission method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a technology for realizing an ideal symbol configuration for frequency offset estimation, transmission path fluctuation (channel fluctuation) estimation and synchronization/signal detection, in MIMO-OFDM communication.

BACKGROUND ART

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a transmission/reception apparatus of a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) which is an example of a radio communication system using OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) which is currently being implemented, and the frame configuration thereof.

FIG. 1(a) shows an example of the configuration of a transmission apparatus and frame configuration signal generation section 10 receives control information 9 such as a modulation scheme as input, determines a frame configuration and outputs frame configuration signal 11. Serial/parallel conversion section (S/P) 2 receives frame configuration signal 11 and baseband signal 1 subjected to digital modulation as input, applies a serial/parallel conversion and outputs parallel signal 3 in accordance with the frame configuration. Inverse Fourier transform (ifft) section 4 receives parallel signal 3 as input, applies Inverse Fourier transform and outputs signal 5 after the Inverse Fourier transform. Radio section 6 receives sig ...

Multilayered piezoelectric element and method of producing the same

Abstract:

Improved ways of communicating assignment signals using flash signaling are described, e.g., for wireless terminals with low SNR, that are more robust against large variation of channel gains due to e.g., frequency selective fading and fast fading in time. Coding and modulation methods and apparatus that have excellent properties against symbol erasures are described. The use of flash signaling provides an improved assignment channel having strong performance on the fading channel without compromising the performance on the AWGN channel. In one exemplary embodiment, the coding and modulation method can tolerate up to 5 erased symbols out of 8 transmitted symbols. One embodiment reduces or minimizes the sector interference on the flash assignment by improving or maximizing orthogonality between different sectors. In addition, one embodiment describes improved ways of swapping flash assignment tone-symbols in the presence other high priority signals, like sector pilots and sector null pilots.

Description:

FIELD

The invention relates to a wireless communications system. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for communicating overhead signals.

BACKGROUND

Communications system frequently include a plurality of network nodes which are coupled to access nodes, e.g., base stations, through which end nodes, e.g., wireless terminals, are coupled to the network.

In a wireless communication system, effective utilization of the network resources, such as spectrum, requires a base station to efficiently assign wireless terminals for reception and transmission in available traffic channels. Often, to enhance the resource utilization, a dedicated traffic assignment channel, or channel of that nature, is implemented in a wireless communication system. Frequently, the problem in designing traffic assignment channel arises from the fact that assignment channel has to reac ...

Acoustic wave device with adhesive layer and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract:

A method of filtering to remove coding artifacts introduced at block edges in a block-based video coder, the method having the steps of: checking the content activity on every line of samples belonging to a boundary to be filtered and where content activity is based on a set of adaptively selected thresholds determined using Variable-Shift Table Indexing (VSTI); determining whether the filtering process will modify the sample values on that particular line based on said content activity; and selecting a filtering mode between at least two filtering modes to apply on a block boundary basis, implying that there would be no switching between the two primary modes on a line by line basis along a given block boundary. The two filtering modes include a default mode based on a non-recursive filter, and a strong filtering mode which features two strong filtering sub-modes and a new selection criterion that is one-sided with respect to the block boundary to determine which of the two strong filtering sub-modes to use. The two strong filtering sub-modes include a new 3-tap filter sub-mode and a 5-tap filter sub-mode that permits a more efficient implementation of the filter.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of video coding, more particularly it relates to a method of reducing blocking artifacts inherent in hybrid block-based video coding.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Video compression is used in many current and emerging products. It has found applications in video-conferencing, video streaming, serial storage media, high definition television (HDTV), and broadcast television. These applications benefit from video compression in the fact that they may require less storage space for archived video information, less bandwidth for the transmission of the video information from one point to another, or a combination of both.

Over the years, several s ...

Piezoelctric actuator, method of manufacturing same, and liquid ejection head

Abstract:

The invention discloses a bi-directional prediction method for video coding/decoding. When bi-directional prediction coding at the coding end, firstly the given forward candidate motion vector of the current image block is obtained for every image block of the current B-frame; the backward candidate motion vector is obtained through calculation, and the candidate bi-directional prediction reference block is obtained through bi-directional prediction method; the match is computed within the given searching scope and/or the given matching threshold; finally the optimal matching block is selected to determine the final forward motion vector, and the backward motion vector and the block residual. The present invention achieves the object of bi-directional prediction by coding a single motion vector, furthermore, it will not enhance the complexity of searching for a matching block at the coding end, and may save amount of coding the motion vector and represent the motion of the objects in video more actually. The present invention realizes a new prediction coding type by combining the forward prediction coding with the backward.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a bi-directional prediction method for video coding at the coding/decoding end, and more particularly to a bi-directional prediction method for compressing the video, which belongs to the field of video coding/decoding.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Generic Technology of these flourishing high technology industries such as digital television, new generation mobile communications, broadband communications network and family consuming electronics focuses on multimedia of which the main content is video and audio processing technology, particularly on the data compressing technology. High-efficient video coding/decoding technology is the key of realizing high quality and low cost for storing and transmit ...

Method and device for cooling ultrasonic transducers

Abstract:

A video coding and decoding method using a weighted prediction and an apparatus for the same are provided. The video coding method includes generating a predicted image for a present block; generating a weighted prediction factor which is a scaling factor of the predicted image that minimizes the difference between the present block and the predicted image; generating a weighted prediction image by multiplying the predicted image by the weighted prediction factor; and coding a residual signal generated by subtracting the weighted prediction image from the present block.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

Methods and apparatuses consistent with the present invention relate to video coding and decoding using a weighted prediction, and more particularly, to video coding and decoding using a weighted prediction which can reduce the amount of residual signal by generating a weighted prediction image by multiplying a predicted image of a present block by a specified scaling factor and by coding a residual signal obtained by subtracting the weighted prediction image from the present block.

2. Description of the Prior Art

With the development of information and communication technologies, multimedia communications are increasing in addition to text and voice communications. The existing text-centered communication systems do not satisfy the diverse desires of consumers, and thus multimedia services that can accommodate diverse forms of information such as text, images, music, and others are increasing. Since multimedia data is large, mass storage media and wide bandwidths are respectively required for storing and transmitting the multimedia data. Accordingly, compression coding techniques are required to transmit the multimedia data, which includes text, images and audio data.

The basic principle of data compression is to remove data redundancy. Data ca ...

Piezoelectric resonator plate and piezoelectric resonator device

Abstract:

A transmitting and receiving technique in which a load on data signal lines is reduced while maintaining a communication quality, thereby making it possible to improve the throughput of data channels. In a transceiver, a transmitter side has an encoder circuit that transmits a bit sequence obtained by encoding link information to a clock signal line, and a receiver side has a clock and data recovery circuit 17 that extracts a clock component from a signal received from the clock signal line, a decoder circuit 19 that decodes the extracted signal to reproduce the link information, and a bit deskew circuit 21 that adjusts a skew that is lower than one bit on the basis of a clock component.

Description:

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

The present application claims priority from Japanese application JP 2006-238161 filed on Sep. 1, 2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a transmitting and receiving technique, and more particularly to an effective technique that is applied to a transceiver, a transmitter, and a receiver of a transmission system in which a clock signal line is transmitted in parallel to a data signal line, which is so-called “clock parallel transmission system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

According to the inventor"s study, there are techniques of the transceiver stated below.

For example, JP-T No. 11(1999)-511926 discloses a technique of a phase matching circuit in which a synchronization signal that is lower in frequency than a clock signal is superimposed on respective data signals that are transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver in parallel. In the technique, a phase relationship between the respective parallel data signals can be held without causing an increase in the transmission speed of the parallel data signal or an increase in the number of signal line ...

Compact thermoacoustic array energy converter

Abstract:

A wavelength tunable laser includes a first facet including a high reflection coating film; a gain region disposed adjacent to the first facet, the gain region including two or more light emitting devices that are arranged parallel to one another; an optical wavelength multiplexer optically connected to the light emitting devices; and an optical reflector disposed adjacent to a second facet opposite the first facet, the optical reflector having a reflection spectrum with periodic reflection peaks. The optical wavelength multiplexer is disposed between the gain region and the optical reflector, and the optical reflector and the first facet including the high reflection coating film form a laser cavity.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a wavelength tunable semiconductor laser.

2. Description of the Related Art

A wavelength tunable laser, which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,896,325, for example, includes a gain region, a phase adjustment region and distributed Bragg reflectors disposed at ends of the device. The gain region and the phase adjustment region are disposed between two distributed Bragg reflectors.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the wavelength tunable laser described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,896,325, the two distributed Bragg reflectors disposed at ends of the device have reflection spectrums that are different from each other. The distributed Bragg reflectors are made of semiconductor materials. By injecting currents into the two distributed Bragg reflectors, the reflection spectrums of the two distributed Bragg reflectors can be adjusted to desired values, whereby the emission wavelength of the laser can be tuned. However, the current control of the wavelength tunable laser is complicated and difficult for the wavelength tuning, because the current injected into each of the two distributed Bragg refl ...

Multi-layer piezoelectric element

Abstract:

A method for communicating data is provided that includes receiving a plurality of bits associated with a communications flow and determining whether one or more samples included in the flow should be suppressed. The method also includes suppressing a selected one or more of the samples if the selected samples are similar to previously received samples. The cell site element is further operable to invert one or more selected header bits. In a more particular embodiment, the bits to be inverted are part of a fixed length field and the inverted bits are odd. The inversion of the bits reduces packet overhead that is present in an HDLC communications environment.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates in general to the field of communications and, more particularly, to a system and a method for mitigating the effects of bit insertion in a communications environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Communication systems and architectures have become increasingly important in today"s society. One aspect of communications relates to maximizing bandwidth and minimizing delays associated with data and information exchanges. Many architectures for effectuating proper data exchanges can add significant overhead and cost in order to accommodate a large number of end-users or data streams. For example, a large number of T1/E1 lines may be implemented to accommodate heavy traffic, but such lines are generally expensive and, thus, usage of each one should be maximized (to the extent that it is possible) in order to achieve a system benefit per-unit of cost.

Compression techniques can be used by network operators to produce high percentages of bandwidth savings. In certain scenarios, network operators may consider compressing common communication patterns that appear on a given communication link. However, many of the existing compression/suppression protocols are ...

Piezoelectric actuation structure including an integrated piezoresistive strain gauge and its production method

Abstract:

A method and a network apparatus for adjusting communication resources in a community are disclosed. When the topological structure of the community changes, e.g., when new base station joins or exits, and when the community combines or splits, each base station re-allocates the communication resources by using a uniform algorithm, or the server or one base station in the community re-allocates the communication resources uniformly, then the base stations in the community are adjusted to the their own available resource at the same time based on the re-allocation results. The communication resources includes not only the frequency spectrum, but also those are exclusively occupied by a base station required by its normal operation, e.g., time slot, CDMA code word, sub-channel etc. With the present disclosure, the automatic optimum allocation and adjustment of the communication resources in a community could be realized.

Description:

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to communication technologies and in particular to a method and a network for allocating communication resources within a community.

BACKGROUND

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

Wideband wireless access technologies are currently under flourishing development, and the technologies of using wireless resources for wideband metropolitan area access are of vitality and enjoy a market share. The wireless spectrum resources are rather precious, and especially in a region that has not been planned well or a License-Exempt Band (LE Band), it tends to be required that a plurality of base stations operate over the same channel, which may result in mutual interference within a system to which they belong. In order to accommodate coexistence of respective devices, particularly LE Band devices, or devices experiencing no network ...

Fine positioning system using an inertial motor based on a mechanical amplifier

Abstract:

A system and method for scheduling variable bit rate (VBR) streams in a wireless communications system is provided. A method for broadcasting data includes receiving a plurality of broadcast data streams, assigning the broadcast data streams into a plurality of frames, each frame including data from no more than one of the broadcast data streams, re-allocating the plurality of frames, and causing the frames to be broadcast wirelessly. The re-allocating is based on a queue length associated with each of the broadcast data streams and an arrival rate for data of each of the broadcast data streams.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to a system and method for scheduling variable bit rate (VBR) streams in a wireless communications system.

BACKGROUND

Broadcast services can be supported with various technologies including the traditional television broadcasts as well as newer technologies such as Digital Video Broadcasting—Handheld (DVB-H) and MediaFLO. Broadcast services can be also supported over a wireless communications system, such as a wireless communications system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) radio transmission technology.

In providing Broadcast services in a known digital broadcast network, time slicing is usually used in which periodic bursts are allocated to each stream but the channel switching delay is high and the flexibility in multiplexing streams with different rates is limited. In providing Broadcast services in a known cellular based network, multiple streams are usually multiplexed in each transmitted burst. But this results in high terminal power usage and large signaling overhead.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other problems are generally solved or circumvented, and technical advantages are generally achieved, by embodiments of ...

Electronic tongue sensor

Abstract:

A network includes a provider edge device with logic to encapsulate Ethernet frames received from customer equipment into Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) frames using Layer Two Tunneling Protocol. The provider edge device further includes logic to implement a virtual switch instance (VSI).

Description:

BACKGROUND

The cable industry and service providers worldwide have embraced Layer 2 Ethernet services as defined by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF). The Metro Ethernet Forum has defined a new class of Ethernet, called “Carrier Ethernet” which includes support for Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Emulation services and several Ethernet service types, attributes, and parameters to support the adoption of Ethernet beyond the local area network (LAN) to a Carrier-provided service for business and residential end-users. Industry drivers for Carrier Ethernet include service providers, equipment manufacturers, the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF), the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T). It is critical that worldwide standards are defined so that service providers and equipment suppliers may offer standards-based products to end-users. Service providers, including cable Multiple System Operators (MSOs), have offered Metro Ethernet services for years. Recently the Metro Ethernet Forum emerged defining services, technical specifications, and certification standards for carriers and vendors alike; this was pivotal in worldwide adoption of Carrier Ethernet services. Today, telecommunications providers are positioning Carrier Ethernet services against legacy technologies like Frame Relay, TDM Private Line, Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET), and even newer technologies such as Layer 3 MPLS VPNs (also known as IP VPNs).

...

Drive unit

Abstract:

A management system manages multiple multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) virtual private networks (VPNs), the VPNs having overlapping IP addresses. The system includes a storage storing a file that associates a host name with an IP address and a route distinguisher. The host name corresponds to a network element within one of the customer VPNs. The system also includes a label obtaining system that obtains at least one label for the host name based upon the associated IP address and route distinguisher. The system also has a packet construction system that creates packets destined for the network element using the obtained label(s).

Description:

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure relates to network management. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to reducing the number of management systems required to manage multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) virtual private networks (VPNs).

2. Background Information

In order for service providers to manage customer networks, the service provider connects to the customer network elements to be managed via the TCP/IP protocol. A network element is a device such as a router or switch. Managing these devices typically requires the customer network element to have a unique IP address, a 32 bit value.

Customers can, through what is known as RFC1918 addressing, use private (reusable) addresses within their own networks, creating the potential for duplicate IP addresses. Duplicate IP addresses create a serious identity problem because network management systems (NMSs) use the IP addresses to identify the managed end devices. Today, most network management systems use existing tables in the operating system (typically the “host” file) to associate host names (equipment/site names) with IP addresses. In any given host computer, the IP addresses must be unique to point to discrete network elements. Once a ...

Ultrasonic actuator with flexible cable connection member

Abstract:

An Ethernet network comprises nodes which support a plurality of different forwarding modes. A range of VLAN Identifiers (VIDs) are allocated to each of the forwarding modes. Connections are configured between a source node and a destination node of the network using different forwarding modes. Packets carrying data traffic are sent to the destination node by selectively setting a VID in a packet to a first value, to transfer a packet via a first connection and a first forwarding mode, and a second value to transfer a packet via the second connection and the second forwarding mode. Packets received from both of the connections and sent on to an end-user. VLAN Identifiers can be allocated to different releases of functionality at nodes (e.g. software releases) such that packets are forwarded via a set of nodes supporting a first release, or via a set of nodes supporting a second release. It is possible to provide a controlled and disruption-free network evolution.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to evolving Ethernet networks.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

There is significant interest in using Ethernet switches in carrier networks. Use of Ethernet switches in carrier networks has the advantages of interoperability (mappings between Ethernet and other frame/packet/cell data structures such as IP, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Pseudowires are well known) and economy (Ethernet switches are relatively inexpensive compared to IP routers, for example).

Two notable technologies which allow the use of Ethernet switches in carrier networks are Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB) and Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE). Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB), also known as Mac-in-Mac, is described in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.1ah. PBB is a technology which allows ...

Electromechanical motor, especially a piezoelectric microstepper drive

Abstract:

A method for identifying undesired telephone calls (Spit/Spam over IP), preferably in a VoIP network, in which the telephone calls coming in for a telephone subscriber, the callee, from at least one calling telephone subscriber, the caller, are subjected to a test or more precisely to a statistical analysis. The method is developed in such a manner that in the framework of the test for incoming calls, the time of the receipt of each call is determined and in each case the probability that the call is undesired is determined, where for the calculation of the probability the time of the receipt of the call, or a parameter dependent thereon, is related to the temporal distribution of previous undesired calls.

Description:

The invention relates to a method for identifying undesired telephone calls, preferably in a VoIP network, in which the telephone calls coming in for a telephone subscriber, the callee, from at least one calling telephone subscriber, the caller, are subjected to a test.

In the field of electronic mail undesired mass e-mails, so-called spam, are very prevalent and have developed into a massive problem. Not only companies which are dependent on e-mail communication are affected by spam messages, but rather, also in the private sector, spam has proven itself to be extremely annoying. Many Internet users receive on average more spam messages than ordinary e-mails. Thus, in almost every e-mail input server, spam filters are used with which incoming e-mails are checked according to definite rules. Therein, for example, the content of the e-mails is actively searched for keywords, checked for certain configurations of the server which was used to send the e-mail, or is searched for senders which are frequently used to send mass e-mails. If an e-mail is classified as spam, it is marked and/or sorted out.

In the field of telephony, analog or digital, spam is likewise occurring more heavily, ...

Surface acoustic wave element

Abstract:

A method is disclosed for communication information recall in an enterprise network. An illustrative embodiment describes, in particular, a method for communication information recall following a communication attempt by an originating party using a first communication terminal, to a receiving party using a second communication terminal, after retrieval by recipient, at the first communication terminal accessing an entry in an outgoing call log originated an earlier call that has been terminated; the entry accessed corresponding to the second communication terminal, sending/transmitting an instruction message to the second terminal indicative of an instruction to, to one of match and delete an existing communication information entry; informing the recipient about the action by adding a new entry in the communication information log with updated details; sending an alert of success or failure of communication information recall to the first communication terminal.

Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for communication information recall using a voice over IP (VoIP) terminal associated with an enterprise network. More particularly, the present invention relates to recalling SMS [short message service]/push messages and/or recalling a missed call entry from a recipient"s call log.

DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART

In published U.S. Patent Application US20050198180, there is described a system of communication through the Internet relating to the management of electronic mail (“e-mail”) contacts. Entries are added to an address book of contacts to which the user has sent an email or from which the user has received an email so that a sorted email address list is presented to the user. The system limits the addresses from which a user would select the address needed and store mobile numbers in the address book for sending messages.

Published U.S. ...

Waveguide components on the basis of acoustic surface waves, and their use

Abstract:

Ranging code detection techniques are provided. Energy is received at a plurality of antennas of a first wireless communication device and received signals are generated from the received energy. The received energy comprises a ranging transmission from one or more second wireless communication devices, wherein each ranging transmission comprises a ranging code selected from a set of possible ranging codes. A ranging code specific receive beamforming weight vector is generated for a ranging code in the set of possible ranging codes from the received signals. The ranging code specific receive beamforming weight vector is applied to corresponding ranging code specific signals derived from the received signals to produce ranging code specific beamformed signals. The ranging code specific beamformed signals are correlated to produce correlation results. A determination is made as to whether the ranging code is present in the received energy based on the correlation results.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless communication devices and systems and more particularly to detecting ranging signal transmissions from wireless communication devices.

BACKGROUND

In wireless communication networks, a common architecture is to provide a wireless base station device that serves as a gateway for wireless communications with each of multiple client devices, also called mobile stations. The base station may, for example, serve as a gateway to one or more wired networks. An example of such a network is one that involves wireless devices configured to comply with the communication protocol rules of the WiMAXв„ў communication technology.

A wireless client device transmits a so-called initial ranging signal to the base station in order to join the network for the first time. A ranging signal comprises a ranging code (e.g., a binary pseudo-noise code) of a predetermined ...

Electrically conductive thin film formed from an ionic liquid and carbon nanotubes having a high aspect ratio, and actuator element comprising the thin film

Abstract:

A method for data transmission over first and second media that overlaps in frequency includes computing one or more time division multiple access (TDMA) time-slot channels to be shared between the first and second media for data transmission; allocating one or more time-slot channels to the first medium for data transmission; allocating one or more of the remaining time-slot channels to the second medium for data transmission; and instructing transceivers for the first and second media to communicate only in their allocated time-slot channels.

Description:

BACKGROUND

The invention relates to minimizing RF channel interference.

The number of products incorporating the recently approved Bluetooth wireless standard is expected to explode during the first couple years of the new millennium. Bluetooth, which establishes wireless connections between devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and headsets, operates at relatively low data rates over short distances using very little power. On the other hand, IEEE 802.11 is a wireless LAN standard approved by IEEE a couple years ago and operates at higher data rates over longer distances using more power. Companies today are strongly benefiting from using 802.11-compliant wireless LANs to support efficient mobile communications between handheld data collectors and corporate IS databases.

Because of a high demand for both wireless PANs and LANs, it"s important that Bluetooth and 802.11 coexist in close proximity. A current problem, though, is that the two standards operate in the same 2.4 GHz unlicensed radio band and equally use frequency hopping modulation. This commonality poses a strong potential for radio frequency interference.

Interference happens when Bluetooth and 802.11 devices transmit at the same time near each other. This causes a destruction of data bits, prompting the system to retransmit entire data packets. A wireless LAN node (li ...

Electric rotating machine

Abstract:

In a radio communication system, at least a first frequency band is subdivided into C radio resource units which are allocable for radio transmissions between radio stations and terminals. Each radio resource unit has at least two adjacent subcarriers, for allocation of at least a first resource unit for a data transmission between a terminal and a radio station. The radio station receives from the terminal a first short training symbol which has spectrally the same bandwidth as the first frequency band and includes at least Q frequency carriers, where Q is greater or equal to C, but smaller than the total number of subcarriers. The radio station estimates the radio channel for at least the first radio resource unit using the first short training symbol, and an allocation of the first radio resource unit to the terminal is broadcasted by the radio station.

Description:

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on and hereby claims priority to European Patent Application No. 06013149 filed on Jun. 26, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

Described below is a method for operating a radio communication system as well as a respective sending station, a respective receiving station and respective software.

In future radio communication systems subcarriers of a frequency band used by a radio communication system will be assigned to a terminal for instance in form of radio resource units, so called chunks, whereas a radio resource unit includes at least two subsequent subcarriers.

For assignment of chunks with good transmission properties in uplink and chunks with good transmission properties in downlink, radio channels of subcarriers, i.e. channel coefficients (channel state information) of subcarriers, will have to be estimated for uplink and downlink transmissions. Further, channel state information (CSI) of the sub ...

Rotor for automotive alternator having mechanism for positioning magnetic pole cores

Abstract:

The present invention relates to a media processing system that comprises a bus for communicating digital signals thereon with a media processor connected to the bus, for processing signals supplied thereon. The system further has a display device connected to the bus for displaying digitized images thereon, received from the bus. The system has an audio transmitter connected to the bus, for wirelessly transmitting audio digital signals from the bus. The system further has a connectable memory for connecting to the bus and for supplying signals representing digitized images and audio digital signals to the bus. Finally the system has a receiver to receive encoded digitized images or audio digital signals for supplying the received signals to the bus for storage in the memory.

Description:

RELEVANT FIELD

The present innovations relate to a system for the display of still or video images with an audio transmitter for the wireless transmission of digital audio signals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wireless transmission and receipt of streaming data typically includes transmission, processing, buffering and receiving performed as a function of clock information, such as clock recovery and bit clock data, or by related tracking loop information. In selecting most efficient transmission mechanisms/schemes, for example, typical systems make measurements at the data sink or receiver on values like packet or bit error rate, or signal strength. However, since the transmission mechanisms/schemes are selected based on such time domain observations, the capabilities of selecting and diversifying the transmission are limited. Drawbacks of these systems surround the failure of utilizing combinations of spatial, frequency, and time mechanisms/schemes to achieve the full breadth of transmission diversity available.

Other existing systems for processing and receiving streaming data sometimes include ...

Carbon brush of motor and method for producing the same

Abstract:

A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system includes a transmitter with at least four transmit antennas and a receiver with at least one receive antenna. Space Frequency Block Coding (SFBC) processes are performed for input signals on a basis of two antenna pairs. Signal blocks whose number corresponds to the number of transmit antennas are output. A Space Time Block Coding (STBC) process is performed for the signal blocks generated according to the antenna pairs. Signals carried by single carriers are transmitted through the at least four transmit antennas mapped to the signal blocks.

Description:

PRIORITY

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. В§119 to an application filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Dec. 30, 2005 and assigned Serial No. 2005-135410, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to a signal transmission and reception in a communication system, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a Space Time Frequency Block Code (STFBC) scheme in a communication system based on a single carrier transmission.

2. Description of the Related Art

Recently, the transmit diversity technology has been proposed which can increase channel capacity and link reliability by spatially arranging multiple transmit antennas without increasing a bandwidth or transmission power. A Single Carrier-Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) scheme has been proposed which exploits Space Time Block Coding (STBC) for providing transmit diversity gain.

FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of the conventional STBC transmission sequence.

Referring to FIG. 1, STBC data is transmitted through two antennas 101 and 103. ...

Stator assembly for electric machines