Ïîñòðîåíèå ïðåäëîæåíèé â ïîâåëèòåëüíîì íàêëîíåíèè |
Ïîâåëèòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ îáîçíà÷àþò ïîáóæäåíèå ê âûïîëíåíèþ äåéñòâèÿ / ïðîñüáó / ïðèêàçàíèå / ñîâåò / çàïðåùåíèå.
Ìîãóò áûòü êàê óòâåðäèòåëüíûìè, òàê è îòðèöàòåëüíûìè.
Óòâåðäèòåëüíûå ïîâåëèòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà÷èíàþòñÿ ãëàãîëîì â ôîðìå Infinitive áåç ÷àñòèöû to. Ïîäëåæàùåå you îáû÷íî íå ñòàâèòñÿ, ëåãêî óãàäûâàÿñü ïî ñìûñëó:
(You) Help me! => Ïîìîãè ìíå!
(You) Go home! => Èäè äîìîé!
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:
â ðàçãîâîðíîé ðå÷è ïîäëåæàùåå èíîãäà ñòàâèòñÿ ñ öåëüþ ïðèäàíèÿ îòòåíêà ãðóáîñòè îáðàùåíèþ:
You, go home. => Òû, èäè äîìîé.
Îòðèöàòåëüíûå ïîâåëèòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà÷èíàþòñÿ âñïîìîãàòåëüíûì to do ñ îòðèöàòåëüíîé ÷àñòèöåé not.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå âñïîìîãàòåëüíûé to do ñòàâèòñÿ äàæå ïåðåä ãëàãîëîì to be:
Don't help him. => He ïîìîãàé åìó.
Don't go home. => He èäè äîìîé.
Don't be sleeping. => He ñïè.
Don't be a fool. => He áóäü äóðàêîì.
Äëÿ ýìîöèîíàëüíîãî óñèëåíèÿ ïîâåëèòåëüíîãî íàêëîíåíèÿ ñ îòðèöàíèåì èíîãäà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïîäëåæàùåå you, êîòîðîå ñòàâèòñÿ ìåæäó ôîðìîé Don't è ñìûñëîâûì ãëàãîëîì:
Don't you worry about that. => He âîëíóéñÿ îá ýòîì.
Äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ïðîñüáû â êîíöå ïîâåëèòåëüíîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ..., please...., will you?..., won't you?:
Help me, please. => Ïîæàëóéñòà, ïîìîãè ìíå.
Go home, will you? => Èäè äîìîé, õîðîøî?
Come tomorrow, won't you? => Ïðèõîäè çàâòðà, ëàäíî?
Äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ïðîñüáû / ïðèêàçàíèÿ ñ îòòåíêîì ïðåäëîæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ãëàãîë to let ñ ìåñòîèìåíèåì èëè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì â îáúåêòíîì ïàäåæå, ïîñëå êîòîðûõ ñòàâèòñÿ ñìûñëîâîé ãëàãîë â ôîðìå Infinitive áåç ÷àñòèöû to:
Let me ~~~~~~ ... => Ïîçâîëüòå ìíå / Äàâàéòå ÿ ...
Let him/her/it ~~~~~~ ... => Ïóñòü îí / îíà / îíî ...
Let us / Let's ~~~~~~ ... => Ïîçâîëüòå íàì / Äàâàéòå (ìû) ...
Let you ~~~~~~ ... => Äàâàé, òû ...
Let them ~~~~~~ ... => Ïóñòü îíè / Ïîçâîëüòå èì ...:
Let me help you. => Ïîçâîëüòå, ÿ ïîìîãó âàì.
Let us / Lets talk more loudly. => Äàâàéòå ðàçãîâàðèâàòü ãðîì÷å.
Let it be. => Ïóñòü áóäåò òàê.
ÇÀÏÎÌÍÈÒÅ:
íåñêîëüêî âûðàæåíèé ñ ãëàãîëîì to let, ãäå åãî çíà÷åíèÿ íåñêîëüêî îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò òåõ, ÷òî ïåðå÷èñëåíû âûøå, íî äîâîëüíî ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ â ðàçãîâîðíîé ðå÷è:
to let smb. know => äàòü çíàòü / ñîîáùèòü êîìó-ëèáî;
to let smb. alone => îñòàâèòü êîãî-ëèáî â ïîêîå / íå ïðèñòàâàòü;
to let smb. down => ïîäâåñòè / ðàññòðîèòü êîãî-ëèáî;
to let smb. in/out => âïóñòèòü / âûïóñòèòü êîãî-ëèáî;
to let smth. in => âøèòü / çàóçèòü (îäåæäó);
to let smth. out => âûïóñòèòü / ñäåëàòü ñâîáîäíåå (îäåæäó);
to let go of smth. => îòïóñòèòü / ïðåêðàòèòü äåðæàòü ÷òî-ëèáî;
to let smb. go => îòïóñòèòü / îñâîáîäèòü êîãî-ëèáî:
Let me know when ... => Äàéòå ìíå çíàòü, êîãäà ...
Let her alone. => Îñòàâüòå åå â ïîêîå. / Íå ïðèñòàâàéòå ê íåé.
Don't let my friends down. => He ïîäâîäè ìîèõ äðóçåé.
Don't let that girl in. => He âïóñêàé ýòó äåâ÷îíêó.
Your dress needs to be let out. => Òâîå ïëàòüå íóæíî ñäåëàòü ñâîáîäíåå.
Don't let go of the handle. => He îòïóñêàé ðóêîÿòêó.
Don't let them go. => He îòïóñêàé èõ. / He ðàçðåøàé èì óõîäèòü.
Èçó÷åíèå àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà : Ïðåäëîæåíèå â ïîâåëèòåëüíîì íàêëîíåíèè
Ïîñòðîåíèå ïðåäëîæåíèé â ïîâåëèòåëüíîì íàêëîíåíèè .-::04862::-.
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