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(Today, May 18, Day of the Baltic Fleet!
Probably everybody has seen stories on TV. Here are some excerpts from the history and the stories of the day and how a medal by the decree of Peter the 1 that says "it is unprecedented."
.. In October 1702 Peter besieged Noteburg, ancient Novgorod Nut (first information about the Russian fortress Nut, later called the Swedes Noteburg can be obtained from the Novgorod chronicles, which explains that "In the summer of 6831 ... ie in 1323 year, was built Novgorod Prince Yuri Danilovich, a grandson of Alexander Nevsky, a wooden castle called Orekhovo ") url] http: / / www.towns.ru / other / oreshek.html / url])
«.. Oreshek was strong and the teeth of his enemies did not just break off. Stood for nearly three centuries, a lot of Swedish heavy storm, the fortress fell in front of them only once - in 1612 after 9-month siege, as a result of starvation and disease from 1300 its defenders have no more than a hundred. At 90 years old Russian Oreshek became a Swedish fortress Noteburg, which means "city of Walnut." By the time the siege of Peter the Great Fortress Noteburg garrison consisted of 450 persons with 148 gear.
In the early summer of 1702 from the Nyuhcha on the White Sea to Lake Onega Poventsa to farmers Arkhangelsk, Olonets and Novgorod provinces and 5 battalions of guards under the supervision of Sergeant Preobrazhensky regiment Moscow nobleman, MI Schepoteva cut in a forest glade, and nastelili dike 185 miles long, known as the "royal road". From 17 to 28 August on it, under the leadership of Field Marshal BP Sheremetyev were transferred 4 thousand people and 2 small 12-gun frigate, built in Arkhangelsk G. Menshikov and I. Skvortsova. Frigate "Holy Spirit" commanded the Ya Valront, frigate "Courier" commanded P. Pamburg, which in September 1699 led to Constantinople first Russian warship "fortress".
The siege Noteburg, who personally supervised and Peter began Sept. 27, 1702. After a 10-day shelling fortification of 52 guns (including the frigates) volunteers, "hunters" from Peter's regiments, as well as soldiers and Semenovskaya Preobrazhensky regiments of 50 boats under fire passed over the island and began the assault on the fortress walls. October 11, after 13 hours of hard fighting Swedish garrison surrendered.
October 12, 1702 Russian ships entered the Neva. Reporting on the victory, and Peter wrote: "The truth is that zelo nut was still tight, but well, thank goodness, happy razgryzen. ARTILLERY zelo our wonderful business to correct".
Peter and renamed Noteburg in Schlisselburg, which means "city-key" as a sign that the castle is the key to the Baltic Sea. In 1944, Schlisselburg was renamed the Petrokrepost.
Capture of the fortress Noteburg been a priority during the Northern War (1700-1721 gg.) Designed to restore Russia access to the Baltic Sea and the opportunity to own an important trade through "from the Varangians to the Greeks."
Entrance to the Gulf of Finland from the Neva defended another fortress Nienschanz. Nienschanz (shved. Nyenskans) - Swedish fortress on the Neva, at the mouth of Okhta on the left bank, near the modern Krasnogvardiyske area of St. Petersburg. Fortress was founded in 1611 to protect Russian Izhorskiye detached from the land and control of the waterway up the Neva River. Literally translated as Nevskiy (Nyen) trench (Skansen).
Fortress Nienschanz is a contemporary for the time fortifications, which had five stone-earthen bastions, in the form of stars, and two additional ravelin. Were then completed two Kronverk - one of the three bastions of the parties and the second floor on the opposite bank of the Neva, which consisted of a citadel, and the three stay with three ravelin, formed the outer ring of fortifications left bank Kronverk. In the first half-century HVII next to the fortress on the right bank, a shopping Okhta quarters Nienshtadt, received in 1632, the status of the city.
Peter Ivanovich Potemkin Russian diplomat and Borovski governor during the reign of kings and Alexei and Fyodor iii. That is just primogenitor the famous Grigory Potemkin, according to some sources, a former left-handed husband of Catherine II. So, while voivode Piotr Ivanovich Potemkin took Nienschanz storm in 1656. However, while the return of land prinevskie Russia was unable to ...
1 is May 1703, the castle was taken by Peter 1 and then finally sryta. Below it, on the island of Lust-Eilande 11 th May 1703 was laid down a new already Russian fortress in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. The fortress was the founding of the city of Petersburg - the future capital of the new Russia, dobivsheysya to the sea, to which she had sought to Líška hundred years.
... And he thought:
Resettled, we will face Swede.
Here is a city built
Cattily arrogant neighbor.
Nature is our destiny
In Europe window
Nogoyu become strong in the sea.
These waves them on new
All flags will be to visit us
And zapiruem at large ... ASPushkin
Later, as a cover for a new seaside town of St Petersburg from the sea by Peter the Great May 18, 1704 was established as fortress of Kronstadt in shoals near the islands Kotlina, in 25 versts from St. Petersburg. The new Baltic fleet have been fitted in a shipyard in Olonets, also were selected from the Swedes, two Russian cities - Koporie and Yam, named Yamburg, and in 1704 extracted and Narva Derpt »
Solov'ev SM url] http: / / az.lib.ru/s/solowxew_sergej_mihajlowich/text_0120.shtml/].
Now, the evening 2 May, 1703 the military situation is complicated - near the mouth of the Neva a squadron of nine Swedish ships under the command of Admiral Numersa. This report runner arrived with Gutuevskogo island.
From the seaside distinctly heard two gun shots - "The slogan" Nienschanz on arrival at the rescue. Sheremetev disposed to answer two shots fortress artillery. Password guessed correctly and adopted.
Swedes detained counter the wind, faces on the anchor in front of the park Ekateringof "and turn boat to bring on board a pilot. Arranging for the wooded bank of the ambush, attacked our boat, but was premature - managed to capture only one engine. Same boat hastily returned to the squadron.
Shvedov not confuse the presence on the island Gutuevskom handful of Russian soldiers. Cannon signals that morning and evening, «gives krepostNienshants» persuade their full welfare case.
Ten - gun boat "Gedan" ( "Pike"), and eight - cannonade shnyava "Astrild (" Star "), raise the sails and are made to the Neva, where the faces on the anchor, awaiting dawn. This was immediately given to Peter to know ..
Peter 1 Menshikova (because "ponezhe other maritime knowledge, no one was") with thirty boats down in the bright night in May to meet the enemy. Some boats that left from the roots of Fontanka river (which is now white between tree sculptures Summer Garden), the second half, led by the bombardier, Captain Peter Mikhailov Kallina descends to the village (which is now painted turrets Kalinkin bridge). By morning, May 7 (18 May New Style) in 1703 is dark, noise pouring rain, and hit the boat together in the oars. On the upper Fontanki were ambushed fifteen boats. Swedes to notice them, play an alarm and quickly raise the sail, intending to join the squadron. While they maneuver and opens the barrage, Peter "tihoyu rowing" comes from the seaside. And his boat with high sides for Swedish ships - whistling shot, tears grenades, gun shooting ...
"Pardon Ponezhe enemies zelo later cried out, -, reported to Peter M. Fedor Apraksin - it was hard to calm the soldiers who vorvavsya, almost all pokololi, only 13 remained alive."
The inevitable unprecedented - with boats with no artillery weapons captured in battle abordazhnom two warships are equipped with eighteen guns. King, "not sparing his monarshey mercy," one of the first on deck "Astrel" with an ax and grenades in their hands.
Obeskurazhenny loss of two ships, defiant, the other rules of the Russian Admiral Numers squadron deploys to Swedish shores.
The way Russia to the sea is free! Since May 18, New Style is considered the birthday of the Baltic Fleet.
Thus ended the first abordazhny fight the Russians, left to the shores of the Baltic Sea.
In memory of a remarkable victory were broken gold and silver medals with the inscription "is unprecedented," koimi awarded the surviving officers and soldiers. Peter and Menshikov and were awarded the Military Council of the Orders of St. Andrew, the numbers 6 and 7, respectively. Has presented the Order of Chevalier of the Order of the senior general officer Golovin after a solemn prayer.
For all the orders of Peter the seventy Swedish squadron of fighters killed in battle, were brought to the ground with military honors, near the village of Kallina. Ibid buried in mass graves and the fallen in the sea battles of Russian warriors.
Now this is the place to see everyone got to the corner of Riga and Staropetergofskogo leaflets and passed slightly in the direction of the gate Gapsalskaya port. Today, in the hands of historians have lists seventy seamen Swedish squadron buried in the land of the Neva. The names of our soldiers, unfortunately, is not yet known .. »excerpts of articles from the newspaper Nevskoye time 19-01-2002 )
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(Gold Medal "Is Unprecedented")
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