, 13 2019 . 15:23
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Upon this question, Esirî tried to come up with a definition of ‚military defeat'. A defeat was possible only after a real clash between two forces, one overwhelming the other, killing most of the soldiers, while the remainder ran for their lives. In the Ottoman case, he notes, soldiers were running away before any real clash in the battlefield, without even setting eyes on the enemy, which indeed became almost a regular pattern in Ottoman warfare: undisciplined soldiers retreating prior to any confrontation but looting the regions on their way. Therefore, for Esirî, this could not be described as a defeat in the real sense of the word. It was a self-defeat due to lack of strategy, discipline and coordination and, thus, an act of wrath by God.
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https://maxnechitaylov.livejournal.com/157945.html
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