. ( ) ? , ? ? , , . .
(Etienne-Jules Marey) - . , , . .
.

(Charles-Émile Reynaud) - . 1877 , , , . 1892 , " ". - . , , , .

, . , . XIX " " . , , . 1895 , , , , , . 1918 , , , ,
- . , , , ? , , , , - . ? , , , 1878 - . 1887 , : ? , , , - , . , !
-!
. , , . , . - - (William Kennedy Laurie Dickson), , . .
, , " 5".

. , . ( ) - ?
, !
, , , , , , , ! . . . , . , , , . , , ( ). , , (- ), : , - , . .
: , ( !) , . ,
- (Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince), , (-), , , , , , , , ( ), , .

, . , - - . , . , , . , . , . 16 1890 , .
. . . , . , , , , .. . , , . , , , : " - " 1897 . 2003 , , 1890- .
? ! . , , , , "" . ( 2008 ) : "Eric called me today from Dijon. It has been done. Prince is no more. This is good news but I flinched when he told me. Murder is not my thing. I'm an inventor and my inventions for moving images can now move forward." (" . . . , , . . ").
20 1890 , . , , . , , , , 1892 , , .
-, , , , - : " ! !", . " , ...", , : , , , , - .
- , - ; , - . , , , , .. . , "". ? , : , , - . - 27- 14 1894 , , - . - - .
25 , , , , . , 25 , , , " " (Kinetoscope Parlor) . , . $ 85 000.
. , , , . , , . , " " , , , .
, , " ", - , . , , , , , , , , , - . " " " " - " ".
- . - . , , . , . , - . " " ( ).
! " ". , "", . , , , , , .
, , , , , -, ( ) . " ". , - - , - , .
, ...
, , , , , - , ; , " " , , - (Mutoscope). , , . - . , , , . "American Mutoscope Company", .
, 100 70, . , , . , , , .
, . : - , , " ".

, . , , , , , , . . . " " , .
, (, , "" "" ), , - . "- . ! . . ", - "Chicago Evening Journal". , , , .
, . "Kinetoscope Company" . -, , -, , (Biograph), . "American Mutoscope & Biograph Company" ( , - ""). . , - . , ( , , ). . , . - ! - - . 1896 - (William McKinley).
, ? , . "- ", "", , , - - , . , , , . , () (-) (), ( , ). - " "... , , , , , . !
, , , . "" . , .
"" . : .. , , , ..
-, , : " ", . , , . - " ?!" - " , !.. , ! , !" , , .
, , . , , , , , , , . , , "", , "Mutoscope cards".
-, ( ), ( ) , . . : , , - .
. , "" . , . "". , , , , , " 5". , .
- (Flip book), 17 . , , "" . - , , , ! - ! - ! - , . . , : , , .
, . . . , . - -, . , - . , . .( ? !!! !)
"" . -, ; -, , , -, , ( , - ). , 1901 1907 200 300 . , - . . . , - ! ( "" .) , - , . , 1907 , , : , . . , , . (George Eastman) - " " (Eastman Kodak), , . .
- . (18 1908 ) - , , , , , , . , : "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "". "Motion Picture Patents Company", - M.P.P.C., .
, . , . . - , " ". 24 1908 -, 800 ( ), 500 . - , , . , , .
, . , , , , . , $2 , $5000 . , . (4 ) . , ( 30 ) , , .
, , , , , , . 28 , , , . , , ? . - . , , . , " " , . , , , .
, "" ( ). , , - " ", . Moving Picture World, , -, , : "! ! !.."
1909 "" , 60 . (Carl Laemmle): " "", , , $2 , , ", - . "" , ( 157 ) . "" (William Swanson).
"" (Jeremiah J. Kennedy). , ? ? - , , , , . "" - . - , , , .
- , , , . ? "" . - , - , , . (, , , $2.) , , , .
, , "". "" , . . , . 1910 200 000 , , . , . , - , .
, , . - , . "" , "", , . , "". , , , " ".
(Al McCoy) "", , , . , , , , , Zippo, , "" , , , , , - ,
. , "" - . , , "" . , - . , , , , . : ( ), - , , , .
,
, , . - , . " M.P.P.C." (US vs. Motion Picture Patents Company) 1913 .