1193 " " , 5 , . . 100 .
1240 - . . - , . , , , , , . ( ) , . , , () , . , . .
1273 , .
1370 , . ( ) , . 1368 , , , . ( , ), , . (. . ). , , .
1492 .
1534 . - ..
1648 , I: 45 , 186 , 75 , .
1701 I .
1711 I .
1732 - .
1741 - I. I. . , . . . . , .., .. .. , ..- .
1768 .
1774 , .
1788 .
1790 .
1819 - . 1855 . . - . . . 1918 . - . 1935 . . . . - . .
1831 : " , ".
1862 II , - . 1867 - , . 1871 .
1865 13- , .
1873 II. . . , . . , , (, , , , , , , , ), - . . . .
1874 Cospatrick, , . 476 6.
1875 Deutschland - . 157 .
1877 - . , .
1884 36 .
1892 "" ""
1893 - (-) . .
1916
1917 .
1917 . .
1917 "". . 3000 .
1918 .
1921 , - . ( ) . , , .
1921 ( . .), 1 1922 , , " " - .
1923 .
1925 . . . . 100 - . . 1917 . , . 1923 , 1925 . .
1926 .
1929 " " 118: " , ; ".
1930 . 1996 .
1931 , (, , .) .
1932 .
1937 "-3", .
1938 () () . , .
1941 , , .
1941 .
1941 29, 129, 155 526- ( , , , ), 215- ( ) 31- ( )
- (30-, 1- , 20, 16 5- , , , , ) 75% , 25
(10, 49, 50- , 1- , , , , ) , 16
- (13- , - - ), 16
1941 6 .
1941 - (- . . ). 16 . 400 , 16 . .
1941
996 6 . . 39 125.
.16 . 60
1942 - , 240 .
1942 6 .
1942
2573 6 . 1942 . .71 . 120-130, 131-137
2575 6 . 1942 . .72 . 1-10, 11-20
2576 6 . - 1942 . .72 . 21-25, 26-35
2577 6 . -. .72 . 36
2578 6 . 1942 . .72 . 37-42, 43-59
2579 6 . 1942 . . .72 . 60-64
2580 6 . 1942 . . .72 . 65-66, 67-76
2581 6 . . -13. . .72 . 77
2582 6 . 1942 . .72 . 78-80
2583 6 . 577 . . .72 . 81-82, 83
2584 6 . -, , . .72 . 84-87
2585 6 . 15 . .72 . 88
2586 6 . . .72 . 89
1943 - , .
. - , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , , . - .
- - .
1943
4733 6 . . ..182 . 23-26, 30, 27-29
4734 6 . . 1944 ..182 . 31-36, 37-50
4736 6 . . 103 395 ..182 . 53
4737 6 . . 26 ..182 . 54
1944 50 , , , , , , , , , -, -, , , , , , , -. , , 40 , , , , -, , , , , , --, , , , - , , , , , -, , .
- , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -.
- .
1944
7078 6 . . 150 . .343 . 1
7082 6 . . . .343 . 5-12,13-62
1945 .
1949 "-" (.-, ) "Aerobee SC-3". 64,9 .
1949 "-" (.-, ) "Aerobee SC-7". 60 .
1956 .
1957 Lockheed L-188. .
1957 "", - .
1957 "-2".
1957 . "Vanguard" 2 .
1958 "Pioneer-3". - , 102 , .
1960 "" (., ) "-15" N 2. (Scott Crossfield). 16268 3027 /.
1960 e . .. ( 1995 . ).
1961 (., ) "Jupiter", . N CM-115.
1964 .
1965 - "FR-1", .
1965 628 .
1965 "FR-1".
1966 . , .
1967 Hello Goodbye -.
1969 - Steam Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye. , .
1969 () 18- , , . , , . , , . - - . - . , Santana, The Grateful Dead ( ), Ҩ, Crosby Stills Nash & Young, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Jefferson Airplane. -, , , , 10 . 100 300 , , , , , . , , .
1970 Gimme Shelter, .
1971 "-463".
1972 , , .
1975 - "Explorer-56".
1978 .
1980 "Intelsat 5 F-2", .
1985 - -.
1986 " ".
1991 Dornier Do.328. . . 1998 .