1194
II
, VI , I II. , 1196 (.. ), VI , . , , - IV, . . 1197, , , , III, . 1208 , IV . , 1210 . III 1211 . ( 1209) , II. VII, (, , , ), . III, ( ) . , 1220 , 1226 , . 1227 IX, , . , - , . 1228 , , . , ( 1222), . , 1230. , 1231 .. ( Liber augustalis, .. ), , , , . , , 1237 . 1239 IX , . 1241 , . 1245 IV . II - ( -, ) 13 1250 . , , , . , : , - , ( , . 1246). , . ; , ; , . , stupor mundi (. ), . ( 1228), .
1632
, . (1701). 1664 . --- (). ( 13 ; 2 . ). , () . ; , , .
1666
() . 1675-1708 . . 1699 . , - - , , . . , . , , .
1687
, , . . .
(Bachofen), (26.12.1695, , 23.6.1755, ).
1716
, , , , . , . 1725 . 1734 . , . 1739 .. , 1741 . - ( ). (Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College), (Hymn to Adversity), (Ode to Spring), , (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard). 1742 - . , . , . , ; , . 1750 , 1745 . 1751 : 1751 , 20 . , 32 . 1757 .. (The Progress of Poesy) (The Bard). , , , ; . 1757, ., -, ; 1768 . , (The Descent of Odin) (The Triumphs of Owen). , , , , . 1769 .. . , . 30 1771. , , . - 19 . . 500 , 18 .
1718
,
1723
,
, . 1748-1792 . . ; , (. 12, 1765). ( ) - (, 1753) , ( ). 1753-1768 . , ( .); .
1751
, . , , . , . , , , . 9 , . , , , - ? . , , : , . 32- , , . II , , . "-", . , : ", , , !". , , 1784 , . , . . , 1785 . . 1787 - , 1808 65. . , , . . , 200 . . . , . . : " . - ". . " ". 21 . , 75 , . " ", 1820 , . " , - . , - : ø, ".
1888 , 1909 , 1914 .
1756
, (1795 .). ( 1794 .). , . " " . ; . , .
1762
()
1769
. , . (1806). 1812 ; 1813 . , , , . . 1848 , . " " (1803), " " (1813), " " (1815), " " (. 1-4, 1806-18). . 1840 " ". 29 1860 .
1780
. , .. . , .
1791
é
. . . 1816 , 1822 (Observations on the Application of Machinery to the Computation of Mathematical Tables) , . 1828 1839, , . 1832 - . , , . , 1823 . , , , , , . . , , , , , . , , . , 1937 . , , (On the Principles of Tools for Turning and Planing Metals) . (Economy of Machines and Manufactures, 1832); , , . (Passages from the Life of Philosopher, 1864) . (Street Nuisances) , ó , . 18 1871 .
1797
1803
, , . . ; 1815. 1833 , 44 . 1830- . ( ) - . 1840 . , , . ( ..) ( 185761). (1866). - 60- . 19 . . . . 25 1882 .
1808
. . : , 19 - (1848), (1850), (1852), (1853), (1855), (1865) .
1820
. . . (London Assurance, 1841). , 1853 , . , , - (The Poor of New York, 1857), 1837 1857; . , (The Octoroon, 1859), : , . (The Colleen Bawn, 1860), , . (The Shaughraun, 1874), 1866. (Rip Van Winkle, 1865) (Belle Lamar, 1874) . (Old Heads and Young Hearts), XI (Louis XI), - (The Corsican Brothers), (Vampire), (Love in a Maze), (Used Up), (Streets of London), ' (Daddy O'Dowd) (Foul Play). - 18 1890.
1821
, " ".
1824
, .
1825
-
, . , . ; - .
1830
, .
1833
, ,
1837
. 1898. , - . 1 1898, : , , . . 16 1917 .
1838
. 1859 , 1873 1902 . 1886, , , . , 1871 . . . , . 1875 . , .
1845
. , ( - ). 1864 , - . 1861, , (1859). , , .., .., .., ..-, .., , , , , . 18641865 - , 18651866 , - . 1866 . 18661884, , . , , , , . . 1. (1876, . ), , , , , , . ( , 18681870), , , ( ( ), 1876), ( , 1876). 1872 ( 1884 ), - (18741875), , , , ( , , , , , ) . (18801882). ( .. ..) ( , 1878; . , . . , 1880; , ), ( , 1879; , . , 1881), . - , , , , ( , .. .., .. .., ), . - (1877) - . 1879 ( , 1880, . . , ... ). .. ( 1883) . (1885), . (1890), (1892), , . , , , , : (18811884), , ( 1883), (1887) . ( , 1885), ( , 1885; , 1893), , - -, , ... , ( , . 1913). 1890- , , .. ... 1900- ... 1905 . 1909 . ( . I. , 1886; , 1890; , 1908; , , 1910), (.., 1895; , , , 1897; .. 60- , 1903; .., 1910, ., , 19851897), , , -, , , ( ., , , ). 23 1911 .
1846
. 1869 . . 1876-1882 . () . - . (1873-1876) ( . . , . . .), . 1875 . ; (1878) . 1886-1896 . . 1912 . ( ). 1917 . . 1917 . . , , . . , , : .
1847
1850
()
. (1871). 1871-1877 1884-1892 . . 1877-1884 - . . . : ( . . ), ( . . ), ( ), ( . . -), ( . . ), ( . . ). , , . , ( ).
1851
. (1873). 1880 . 1880-1909 . - , - . , , . . (1891) . . . . " ", . ( 1909), ( 1899) .
1853
ĸ
. , , , , (. . ), . , , . , , . , , , . , , .
1853
, , (1932), (1934). . 1874 . - , , . 1882 . (), . ( ) : , , . . . .
1855
, -.
1861
, - (1911), - (1912). 1889 . , . 1897 . ( 1898 . ) 1899 . . , , . (1899) . . . ( ). , , , , . . 1897 . .
1861
, .-. (c 04.12.1899). .. , . .
1862
(; ; ; ..; . )
. , , . . 1882 , .. 18911899 .. , . ( , 1902, , , ). 1904 1916 , - , , . (19061907), ., , . , , 1917. , , , , . , (1907), (19101911), (1910), (1914); (19281931); , . , , , , . , , . , , ( , .., .., ..). , , , , . , , : , , , . , , . , 23 1921 . (1922), . , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , . (1929).
1862
. , . , 1873 . 1879 2- . , , , , , .., , . 1878 (. , ), , , , , . (18791882) .., , .., ..-, ... 1882, , , , , .. - , . , , ( ..-, .. .), . 18841885, , , .. (18481932), , . 18851886 ., , . 1886, , . (1885) ( , 1886; 29 18871917). 19 . , , , , , , , , , , 1920 . ( , , , / , ... , , , : , / !; , . ! / , / , / !...; , ; , ; , , ; : ...; : / , / : / !.. .). , , (. , 1883), , , , , .. , (. , 1879; - , 1882), ... , .. (, !.. !, 1884), (. , 1884) ( ..., 1882; .., 18851886, .).
, , , .. .. ( . , 1879; , 18801882; . , 1879, ..., 18811882; , 1884; , 1885; - . , 18821883; , !.., 1884). . 1880- , , , , , (..) , , , ( , , , ..). , , , , .: , , / , . .., ..-, .. (), : , ... , , , , , 80- ; , , , .... .., .., .., .. . - . 18821886 (1887), ( , , , . 1912, .) (. . , 1880, . 1902) , (1882). 31 1887; .
1863
(-)
, .
1863
, . - ( ). 1866 , . . , (18601937) , . . (G.Méliès, 18611938), ( , , - ). 1900 ., , (Fantastic Diver), . 1905 , ., (The Bicycle Thief) , .. (The Life of Polichinelle) ., . 1908 , (The Assassination of the Duke of Guise), , . 1908 - , . . 1930 , 1956 . - 25 1957.
1867
, , , - - . , . I . . , , . 1904 . ( ) (). . - . 1912 . , , (; 1912-1924), . 1914 . (1914-1917), 1925 . , . 1925 . , . . : - , (1906); - (1921), (1927). (1939).
1867
, .
1869
, . , 1918 . . . . , , , , .
1869
. (1910-1916). , 1915 . (). , (1919), (1915), (1920). , (1911), (1911), . , (1910), , (1911), , (1912). (1913) (1915), 1- . , , .
1869
, , (1932). (1892) (1896). 1900-1917 . , , , ( 1905), (1910-1911) . 1907 . () ( 1921 . - ). . 1918-1920 . , 1921-1927 . , . 1938-1945 . . 1941-1945 . . -.
1872
, 1933 . () -. , , . , . , . . - . , . 17 . , 7 , , , , , , , - (St. Louis Globe-Democrat) - (San Francisco Chronicle). 1898 , , . , (Daily Messenger). , . - , - , : (Patriotism Under Three Flags: A Plea for Rationalism in Politics, 1903). 1905 . 1912 . . 1909 (Europe's Optical Illusion), . , . 1910 , . , 25 . , . , , , , . , , , , . . . 41 41 . (The Fruits of Victory, 1921) . (The Unseen Assassins, 1933) , , . , 19281931 (Foreign Affairs). 19291931 . 1931 . , , . , 90 . 94 () 7 1967 .
1876
-
, .
1879
1879
, , , (1935) (1936). 1902 ( ), ..; , , . 1913 , " " (1912-21, - " "). "" ( ., 1908-12; 3- 1939) - , , . " " (1917), - "-" ( , , 1950), , , , ( .). . . 10 1950 .
1880
( , , )
. 1902. . 1899 .-. , 1900 . . - . , . 1904-05 , . . . 1905 . 6- (). 1917 , , . . 1918 , 1919 , . ; 1921 . .
1883
. (1945). , 1901-1906 . . 1906-1910 . ( - " " ). 1911 . " " ( 1919-1926 . - ). 1926 . . 1935-1957 . - . ; " " (1915) . - , , -, .
1883
Ը Ը
, (1951), (1947, 1947-1953 . -). - (1902-1907). (1913-1914) . . . - , (1927-1929 1947-1953). , - - . : (1934; , 1941), (1948; , 1949) (1950; , 1951), - (1949; , 1950) .
1884
, . , , . - (1932), (1934), , 1938, 1940 , , . (- 1944). 17 1944 .
1886
. . 1- , , 1918 . . 1924 . , . (1925). : , , - ( 1925), (1927), - (1928), (1929, . ). 30- . , - , , .
1886
. . 1918 . . 1920 . . 1922-1923 . 1928 . ( 1932 . - ) ( ). 1923-1928 . . 1928-1929 . , 1929-1936 . , 1932 - 1936 . - . . .
1888
, . . . . . . .
1889
, .
1889
, (1951 .) (1951-1956 .) , (1958 .). (1952-1956 .). . "", , , .
1891
. - . , -, . . 19301939 , . 1939 . (The Colossus of Maroussi, 1941) . 1940 . - (. ) 7 1980. (Tropic of Cancer, 1934) (Tropic of Capricorn, 1939); . (The Rosy Crucifixion), (Sexus, 1949), (Plexus, 1953) (Nexus, 1960), . . 1961. , 1965 , . , (The Cosmological Eye, 1939); (The Air-Conditioned Nightmare, 19451947) , ; , (Stand Still Like the Hummingbird, 1962). 1972 (My Life and Times). , , .