19 (, ).
681 , . , . .
732 , -.
1365 .
1471
1577 , , . . .
1607
1631 .
1698 I. . 1682 . . . , . . , - () . : , , , . , , , - . , , . ( 4000 ) 4 . . . . () ( 40 ) . 57 , . - I - . , , , . 1182 , , 601 . , 2000 . , , .
1710 1700-1721 . .. ( ).
1723 , I , .
1733 - .
1780 1780 20,000-30,000 .
1787 .
1789 .
1794 . . . , . 1796 . 12 . .
1801 - .
1802 .
1810 .
1812 .
1824 .
1839 .
1839 I , " , ". . . - .. .
1845 (. ) , - .
1846 (William Lassell) .
1846 II - .
1853 . 15- , , . , 17 .
1857 - .
1858
1860 ( 17 1859). . 45 -. , . 20 , 16- .
1863 Blue Springs, , , 166 .
1864 - .
1865 (John Hyatts) . 10 000 .
1868 .
1868 .
1868 J C Watson #106 Dione.
1870 - .
1873 .
1874 .
1874 J C Watson #139 Juewa.
1874
1881 .
1886 - .
1889 :
1) ;
2) 1
3) .
1898 5,5 3-5 . ., , . 15 ( 22.10 22 ). ;
1899 IR Johnson .
1899 Max Wolf A Schwassmann #450 Brigitta.
1899 . . - 48
1902 (Paul Kruger) .
1903 (Emmeline Pankhurst) - - , .
1904 P Gotz #546 Herodias.
1907 , , , .
1909 . "" ;
1910 , .
1911 . .
1911 (. ) . . ( ).
1912 ..
1913 , , . .
1913 Volturno , 136 .
1914 .
1914 ..
1916 " " ( ). 1916 . "" 100 .. , "" -100. . .., .., .., ... - . .. "" . ... ( , "" "", -26). " " ;
1917 () . , , , , - , .
1918 1917 ( , , ..).
1918 . - . . ;
1918 . 4 . . . . 10 1 - ..
. - /.
1918 100 .
1918 , .., .
. . 15 ;
1919 .
1919 .
1920 .
1920 (Alto Adige).
1920 J Palisa #941 Murray.
1920 K Reinmuth #940 Kordula.
1921 K Reinmuth #961 Gunnie.
1922 : 10/23 . . 52. . , ...
1924 .
1925 K Reinmuth #1061 Paeonia.
1926 . #1984 .
1926 - 1925-1926
1928 , . , . , - : ? - (" " - ; " ", " " - ); ? - ...
1931 K Reinmuth #1231 Auricula, #1232 Cortusa, #1233 Kobresia, #1272 Gefion, #2855 #3144.
1931 . , -, 85 .
1931 G Neujmin #1271 Isergina.
1931 (William Waltons) .
1931 (10 11 ) .
50 л (1981, 10) :
) ... . 20- . , . ;
) , 1933 ., . .;
) ;
) .
.
1932 . . . .
1932 - .
1932 -2 ( .. );
1932 ""
1933 21:00. , , . Boeing 247 United Air Lines , . 7 . , ; , , . .
1933 , Dreft Procter & Gamble .
1933 - 7050 , - 132,5 ., 7200 , . ;
1933 - .
1935 Giorgios Kondylis . 1935 .
1935 " " .
1935 () , , .
1936 ( ), .
1936 ( - 6 )
1938 .
1938 , ( ).
1938 , . Sabca S-73 Sabena. 19 .
1939 ( ), .
1939 16- - .
1939 . : " ". , .
1939 .
1939 . , . , , . (28 ) (5 ).
1939 - , , ,
1940 -423 ( .. ) (), .
1941 - .
1941 . .
1941 .
1941 ( 17 - ) 4 1941 . (16, 5, 43, 49 33- ) . . - , 30 . : "" ( - . ).
1941 .
1941 .
1941 50 . .
1941 - . .
1941 (10-12 ) , , .
1941 .
1941
758 10 . . 289- . .12 . 72
760 10 . . 352 . . .12 . 74
1942 . . . , . .
1942 .
1942 1,300 Theresienstadt.
1942
2392 10 . . , IV 1942 . - . .62 . 7-38, 39-155
2393 10 . . - IV 1942 . .63 . 1-3, 4-39
2397 10 . . IV 1942 . .63 . 43-44, 45-46
2398 10 . . . .63 . 47-50, 51-54
2400 10 . . - IV 1942 . .63 . 71-90, 91-145
1943 .
1943 : 4- . , , , . . , "" "". 12 .
. . .
38- . (20 ).
1943 1, 2 3- ( . . ) , , , . 1- . 26.10.1943 . - . . . 1, 320 , 2- 2400 , 3- 5700.
1943 , , .
, , , , , , , , , .
140 , , , , , , , , , , , . 40 .
1943 - ( ..) . , 14 , "" (23 , 160 , 430 ) .
1943 .
1943 .
1943 , .
1944 3- .
1944 () .
60 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
- () , , , , 300 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . (), . , - , - - .
.
- , , 50 , , , -, -, -, , , (5 ), , -.
, , , . .
- , - , , , , , , , . , - .
- . .
1944 1- . (), "" .
3- . , , .
1944 -17 (-17, , ) .
1944 () .
1944 , , 24 .
1944 - ..
1944 - .
1944 (1013 ) 17 - 2- . , 2 .
1944 (10-25 ) .
1944
6670 10 . . - . .310 . 151
6671 10 . . , , , IV 1944 . . .311 . 1-5,16-137
6672 10 . . , , , , , , IV 1 944 . .311 . 138-140,141-225
6673 10 . . , , , , IV 1944 . .312 . 1-2,3-54
6674 10 . . . IV 1944 . - .312 . 55-89,90-109
6677 10 . . . . .313 . 2-4,5-8
6678 10 . . IV 1944 . .313 . 9-15,16-130
6679 10 . . -11 520 .. .313 . 131
6680 10 . . -23 23 , .. . .313 . 132-133
6681 10 . . -20 20 . . .313 . 134-135
6682 10 . . . .313 . 136-141,142-172
6684 10 . . 228 431 . .313 . 180-183
6685 10 . . 441 443. .313 . 184-186,187-188
6687 10 . . IV 1944 . 150 - . .314 . 1-4,5-11
6688 10 . . () - IV 1944 . .314 . 12-16,17-45
6689 10 . . . .314 . 46-49
6690 10 . . , , - IV 1944 . .314 . 50-63
6691 10 . . , , - IV 1944 . .314 . 111-117,118-14
1945 . , , , , , , . , , , . : , , , , , 1812 , .
1945 .
1945
1945 . . ( )
1946 "-" (. -, ) "V-2", . N 12. 174,2 .
1948 ( ., ) -1 -100 .., . . .
12 9, 7 . 1951 . -1 .
1951 .
1951 "", . " "" - ""
1952 "" (. -, ) "Aerobee USAF-30". 109,5 .
1953 Goethe Link Observatory #2300 Stebbins.
1953 -12.
1953 P F Shajn #3958.
1954 .
1955 -- .
1957 - .. -43-1 .. ( -9).
1957 .
1957 53-58 613 -144 ( 1 . . ). 10 , 35 . 2 , 2 2 . 1958 . -9 .
1957 -43-1 (-9) .., ..;
1957 , - , . .
1957 , (. ) - .
1958 .
1958 .
1959 (Lee Harvey Oswald) .
1959 Pan Am .
1960 -.
1960 14:27 UTC , 1, - " 878", "" ["1M"] . 1 (1960 1010F). . - - .
1960 ; 4000 .
1961 -22.
1961 --. ( 1963 1967).
1961 -16 .
1961 .
1961 .
1962 (16 ).
1963 , .
1963 , 3,000 .
1963 12,000,000.
1964 3:00 UTC Vandenberg, D, - "Scout X-4", "Explorer-22" / "S-66", "BE-B" (00899 / 1964 064). : - 79.69 .; - 104.7 .; ( ) - 885 ; ( ) - 1077 .
1964 XVIII (). 5140 ( 683 ) 93 , 19 . 96 : 30 , 31 35 . , , , , , , , , 15- , . , .
1964 , . -18B Tarom . 28 .
1965 (Vinland) , 1440 (Lief Eriksson).
1966 - ( 1994 . - )
1967 - .
1967 .
1967 , ( )
1968 Singsong Ltd. ;-)
1968 Lee Evans 400 - 43.86.
1968 .
1968 , 2- , . . , , .
1969 ( ) - - .
1969 , .
1970 . ( ).
1970 Paranoid - Black Sabbath - .
1971 -, , .
1971 -104B . 20 .
1971 . . #6278.
1972 3:00 UTC Vandenberg, D, - "Scout X-4", "Explorer-22" / "S-66", "BE-B" (00899 / 1964 064). : - 79.69 .; - 104.7 .; ( ) - 885 ; ( ) - 1077 . 1973 . .
1972 18:03 UTC Vandenberg, SLC4E, - "Titan-3D", : - 96,47 .; - 88,93 .; ( ) - 159 ; ( ) - 282 :
"OPS 8314/1" (06227 / 1972 079). KH-9 "Hexagon" (. 4);
"OPS 8314/2" (06822 / 1972 079). "SS" (. 3).
1973 "-598".
1973 -15 (-58)
1973 .
1973 10:48 UTC - " 1157", "- 598" (06862 / 1973 072). "-4" : - 72,9 .; - 90 .; ( ) - 213 ; ( ) - 360 .
1973 - (Spiro Agnew) - , . , . 1832 -, . .
1974 3 , 319 277 , 13 , 11 2 ( 39,2% , - 35,8 - 18,3).
1974 22:53 UTC Cape Canaveral, 17B, - "Delta-2914", "Westar-2" (07466 / 1974 075A). : - 12,19 .; - 1442,16 .; ( ) - 35894 ; ( ) - 35916 .
"Westar-2" - , Domsat. 90 .
1975 , , .
1975 .
1975 ..
1975 . .
1976 98- 7 33 .
1976 200- .
1976 09:36 UTC - " 11511", "-859" (09471 / 1976 099). "-4" : - 65 .; - 89,6 .; ( ) - 180 ; ( ) - 360 .
1977
1977 "-25" "-6". - , .
1978 Smash Hits.
1978 - . . .
1978 19:40 (UTC) - " 892", "-1043" (11055 / 1978 094). "-" : - 81,1 .; - 97,3 .; ( ) - 625 .; ( ) - 650 .
1978 -, 10, .
1979 .
1979 , , . , : 3:5.
, , 28 , .
1979 () , , 98 .
1980 7,5 -. 6 . , 250 - , 80%.
1980 (). 14 1992 . .
1980 - : , , .
1980 C S Shoemaker #3299 Hall #6078 Burt.
1980 13:12 (UTC) - " 11511", "-1214" (12008 / 1980 082). "- 4" : - 67,2 .; - 89,7 .; ( ) - 181 .; ( ) - 368 .
1980 . . #5458 Aizman.
1982 "".
1983 , .
1983 -15 .
1984 200 .
1984 -160, . .. .
1985 , , . .
1985 "-1690-1695".
1986 7.5 -.
1986 D Waldron #3753.
1986 - Shimon Peres .
1987 54 18 .
1987 21:36 (UTC) , 90, - "-2", "-1890" (18396 / 1987 086). "-" : - 65 .; - 92,9 .; ( ) - 414 .; ( ) - 442 .
1988 C S Shoemaker E M Shoemaker #5638 Deikoon.
1988 K Suzuki #4538.
1988 Y Oshima #8008.
1989 , . Cessna 402C Utililiner TAUSA . 12 .
1990 л. , .
1990 Y Mizuno T Furuta #5236 Yoko.
1990
1990 .
1991 Joseph Harris 4 .
1991 J Alu #7825.
1991 K J Lawrence #6561 #6727.
1991 P Rose #6047.
1991 13:55 (UTC) - " 1165", "-2164" (21743 / 1991 072) , .. "" : - 74 .; - 94,5 .; ( ) - 290 .; ( ) - 720 .