479 .. , . , .
1105 I 500 2000 : 5000 - 1300 .
1359 . I ( 1359-1365 .).
1471 .
1529 , .
1538 - 1538-40 . - ( ) ( ) , .
1552 , , " ".
1601 Olivier van Noort .
1610 , III.
1619 Frederik van Palts .
1626 .
1645 () . . 1640. , , , . , , " ". , . . , , . - , , , , ; , . , . , , , , . , , . , , . : " , , , ".
1648 , -.
1654 - 16541667 . . . . . - . . .
1664 300 -, -.
1666 . , . , , .. 89 . , .
1667 (, ).
1689 ( ). . , .
1704 . , . , .
1758 . 25 - . 155 2528 , 27 , 60 , 270 42 . 53 , 57 8 . , 27 . 12 , 2 . , . - - .
1760 , .
1776 - . .
1780 , . 1779 ; 6 . , . , 20 3 . , .. . 1956 - .
1783 , . - . , .
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27 1783 . : , . , ! 15 .
1783 - ( ).
1784 James Tytler .
1788 Jacques Neeker .
1791 . .
1793 .
1798 , , .
1799 - .
1810 , .
1812 , .
1813 26-27 (1415) 6- (, , , , ) . I -- .. .
1815 . -- .
1828 . - .
1828 .
1836 , 6- , 15. .. , . N68. . - ( , ). ! , - "" " ". ?
1841 .
1842 , .
1842 , . " ",
1845 .
1855 , , 21 800 .
1855 . .
1857 .
1859 (. ) . . . 1848 .. . 40 , . 1844 " ", . 1000 .
1860 , .
1866 , . "".
1874 , ( 27 ) , . , , -, , , , , , , , , , , .
1878 , : " , ".
1879 " " , " " " ".
1881 ; 700 .
1882 - .
1882 " ", , , " ".
1883 10 (Krakatoa)() 55 . 10 5330 . ( 4776 ). 26 1,300 . 163 , 36380 .
1884 A Borrelly #240 Vanadis.
1890 , . 1910 . , . , . , . , .
1891 - . , III : " , !" . , .
1892 .
1892 - Metropolitan Opera House.
1896 9 02 27 9 40 . 38- .
1897 A Charlois #427 Galene.
1898 .
1900 . .
1900 (, ). , 6000 .
1900 ( ).
1900 .
1905 " ".
1906 Max Wolf #605 Juvisia.
1906 . .-.
1908 "".
1909 "":
.
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, .
, .
... , ,
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1909 . () 10 10 39 .
1664 - 180 , . () ;
1910 . - Curtiss. (H.M. Horton) urtiss. , : " ";
1910 .
1912 (Edgar Rice Burroughs) (Tarzan of the Apes).
1912 () ..
1912 ..
1913 , "" IV, " " ( ) - .
1913 , . 10 . . : , , . ? . , .
1914 .
1914 , ( ).
1914 -.
1914 J Palisa #794 Irenaea.
1914 . 269 " ". .
1915 - .
1916 -. , , .
1916 . .
1916 . ( - ) .
1917 6.10 , .
1917 , .
1918 .
1918 ( 17 ).
, -, .. .. ( . ). .. "e ".
1918 - , (. 5) , . .
1919 . - .
25 1979 . 27 .
1986 - , . , 1895- , . 15 1908 . - . . 1925 . .
: , , , , : , , , , . , . , , , .
1919 .
1919 .
1921 , .
1922 (K Reinmuth) #984 Gretia.
1922 Paavo Nurmi 3000 (8:28.6).
1922 "". , , . , "" , .
1923 - 63 , - 44.
1926 .
1926 2- 4 .. 2 .. 5 . ( 12 .).
1927 Parks College, .
1928 16 -.
1928 15 . . 11 , .
1929 .
1929 "": , - 5 , .
1930 50 , (), " ".
1930 " " . " " : " , , " " - , 318 ".
:
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,
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.
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1930 , , .
1932 200,000 -.
1932 , , , , . 2000 29 . . , , , .
1933 -12 (-23), ..
1934 50- .
1935 " ".
1935 P Shajn #1369 Ostanina #1387 Kama.
1936 . .
1937 George E T Eyston 345.49 /.
1937 . 11- . .---.
1937 -1 .. .
1938 -, , .
1938 . . (20-27.08.1938 ).
1939 . 1- "" (Heinkel) "He-178"V1 "HeS 3b", 500 . - (Erich Warsitz). 600 /.
1940 -3, -3, -1, -2 -2
1940 - 2 (N1) , . . . 15,8 , - 13,1 . 4200 , - 3640 . 330 / 2980 315 / 3950 . , , 3950 ;
1940 G Strommer #1537 .
1941 " , , , ."
1941 , , - .
1941 , .
1941 , . 1200 , 2000 7350 .
1941 - ...
1941
591 27 . . -2 18 . .8 .51
592 27 . . . .8 .52-53
593 27 . . .. .., .., .., .., .. .8 .54
594 27 . . -2 1.
.8 .55
595 27 . . -2 , , . .8 .56-59
1942 " , - , - , - , , . . ."
1942 , , . , , .
1942 (8- 2- ) . . . , . . . -.
1942 800 .
1942 , .
1942 .
1943 . .
1943 " , , 5 8 . , , . , 20 , .
, - , .
.
"-109" . . , , , . , . . . ."
1943 , . Junkers JU-52/3m VASP . 21 18.
1943 . Douglas DC-3 Aktiebolaget Aerotransport . 7 .
1944 - . , . , (2- ), (3- ).
1944 .
1944 22 .
1944 " - 50 , , , , , , , , , , , .
- .
2- 27 (), 150 , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
3- 27 , - , , , , , , . , - . . 15- - , 294- - , 384- - - .
- ."
1944 - ..
1945 . .
1945 - .
1945 .
1945 . .
1945
9920 27 . . -2 4-30. . 459 . 88-89
9921 27 . . . . 459 . 90, 91
9922 27 . . , . . 459 . 92
9925 27 . . 11 . 1945 . . 459 . 95
9928 27 . . 199 . . 459 . 98-99
1946 1-
1946 .
1948 () .
1949 .
1949 - 5419 6200 , . , . , . ;
1950 -- " -" . - ( , ).
1951 Muroc Dry Lake ( , ) XS-1 2 NACA. Joseph Walker. 1,16 .
1952 ()
1953 , .
1953 . 5000 10 000 .
1955 198 .
1951 . , - . , , , . , . , . , . 27 1955 198 . . . . , . , , 80 100 40 .
1956 -7.
1956 .
1956 , .
1957 , .
1957 .
1958 "-3" 450 .
1958 -1 - 160 . .
1959 .
1959 (27 -17 ) .
1960 Anita Lonsbrough 200 (2:49.5).
1961 .
1962 8:53 UTC Cape Canaveral, 12, - "Atlas Agena-B" "Mariner-2" (00374 / 1962 1).
1962 -16 .
1962 . " , . , " " - - ".
1964 - " " .
1964 (. , ) Atlas-E, . 57. .
1964 .
1965 The Beatles .
1965 Forest Hills -.
1965 , "REP" (01518 / 1965 068C).
1966 09:50 UTC - " 1157", "-128" (02409 / 1966 079A). "-4" : - 65 .; - 90 .; ( ) - 212 ; ( ) - 364 .
1966 "-11" (02406 / 1966 078) .
1966 (Francis Chichester) "- IV", 119 , , . II .
1966 , . 28.10.1966 . - . . .
1967 The Beatles , , ( 1968 ).
1967 .
1967 -134
1968 Those Were the Days, . 18- Opportunity Knocks ( ", "). , , , The Limeliters. , , . . "" Apple, , . . : - Hey Jude . 750 . , , , , ( ) " ". - . . . 20- . , - .
1968 11:31 UTC , 41, - " 1165", "-236" (03347 / 1968 070A). "-2" : - 51.6 .; - 96.9 .; ( ) - 600 ; ( ) - 655 .
1968 12:28 UTC - " 1157", "-237" (03348 / 1968 071A). "-4" : - 65.4 .; - 89.7 .; ( ) - 201 ; ( ) - 343 .
1968 K-140. K-140 . , , , 18 . 4 . . . , .
1968 -237. "-4".
1968 "-238" - "" .
1969 27- 28- " " 15 , 300 . 25 120- . , , .
1969 21:59 UTC Cape Canaveral, 17A, - "Thor Delta-L", "Pioneer-E". , .
1970 13:23 UTC Vandenberg, SLC5, - "Scout A", "NNS O-19" (04507 / 1970 067). : - 90,02 .; - 107,04 .; ( ) - 954 ; ( ) - 1222 .
1970 S-67. - 355,5 /, 1978 ., -10 ;
1970 111-475
1971 10:55 UTC , 133/1, - " 1163", - "-435" (05441 / 1971 072A). "-1-" (. 41) : - 71 .; - 92,1 .; ( ) - 282 ; ( ) - 505 .
1972 Haiphong, .
1972 , . " C-47-DL" "Lineas Areas Venezolanas" . 34 .
1973 , , , .
1973 12:45. , . Lockheed L-188A Electra Aerovias Brasil . 42 .
1973 E F Helin #2048 Dwornik.
1974 .. #3681 #7726.
1974 "-15" "-3". - , . .
1975 1:42 UTC Cape Canaveral, 17A, - "Delta-2914", "Symphonia-2" (08132 / 1975 077A), , . : - 14,67 .; - 1440,26 .; ( ) - 35845 ; ( ) - 35890 .
"Simphonia-2" - - . 11,5 .
1975 14:52 UTC - " 1157", "-757" (08147 / 1975 078). "-4" : - 62,8 .; - 89,5 .; ( ) - 190 ; ( ) - 337 .
1976 14:38 UTC - " 892", "-851" (09389 / 1976 085). "-" : - 81 .; - 96,2 .; ( ) - 592 ; ( ) - 649 .
1976 , , .
1976 S J BUS #2285 Ron Helin.
1977 , , .
1977 10:19 (UTC) - " 11511", "-947" (10299 / 1977 081). "-2" : - 72,8 .; - 89,7 .; ( ) - 211 .; ( ) - 346 .
1977 .
1977 .
1977 , 64- , . . - . .
1978 , -, .
1978 Whitesnake .
1978 16:38 UTC "-31" "-6". - .
1979 , , . , .
1979 , , 18 .
1979 .. #3012 , #3283, #4621 , #6167 #7373.
1980 2 .
1980 Chon Doo Hwan .
1981 , . Vickers Viscount 745D Aeropesca Colombia . 50 . .
1981 H-E Schuster #4761.
1981 P Wild #4323.
1981 .
1981 10:30:00 (UTC) , 41 , - " 11511", "-1301" (12788 / 1981 083), . "- 1", . 16.. "- 1", . 16 : - 82,3 .; - 89,4 .; ( ) - 224 .; ( ) - 300 .
1982 0:12:00 (UTC) , 41/1, - " 878 / ", "-3-19" (13432 / 1982 083). "-3", . 33 : - 62,8 .; - 736 .; ( ) - 494 .; ( ) - 40814 .
1982 -1402.
1982 " T-7" .
1982 . 12x7 13,66 . 2200 .
1982 .. ( ) D-38 "" -.
1983 .
1983 .
1984 .
1985 - " ".
1985 .
1985 , - .
1985 10:58:00 (UTC) Cape Canaveral, 39A (MLP-1), "Space Shuttle" (m.20), OV-103 "Discovery 6" [51I] (15992 / 1985 076A) (Joseph Engle), (Richard Covey), (William Fisher), (John Lounge) (James van Hofften) . : "Optus-A1" ["Aussat K-1"] , "Amersat-1" ["ASC-1"]. . "Leasat-4" 29.08.1985. : - 28,5 .; - 91,7 .; ( ) - 345 .; ( ) - 387 .
1985 "Discovery" [51I] "Optus-A1" ["Aussat K-1"] (15993 / 1985 076B). : - 0,8 .; - 1443,6 .; ( ) - 35914 .; ( ) - 35940 .
1985 "Discovery" [51I] "Amersat-1" ["ASC-1"] (15994 / 1985 076C). : - 0 .; - 1436,1 .; ( ) - 35778 .; ( ) - 35796 .
1986 H Debehogne #4123 #4939.
1986 - -25
1986 -1773. "".
1987 ( ., ) -5. "- 7"
1987 Tanegashima Kiku-5 ["ETS-5"].
1987 .. #4556 , #4861 , #5808 #5902 .
1987 .. #4485 #6511.
1987 9:20:00 (UTC) Tanegashima, , - "H-1 / LE-5", "Kiku-5" ["ETS-5"] (18316 / 1987 070). : - 2,2 .; - 1436,2 .; ( ) - 35770 .; ( ) - 35805 .
1987 30,000 (914400 ) , ; , .
1989 22:59:00 (UTC) Cape Canaveral, 17B, - "Delta-4925-8 / Star-48B", "Marco Polo-1" ["BSB R1", "British Satellite Broadcasting"] (20193 / 1989 067). : - 0,03 .; - 1436,09 .; ( ) - 35773 .; ( ) - 35799 .
1990 "" ( 12 ), , , "" " " ( 1986). .
1990 01:00. , , . Bell BHT-206-B Helicopter . 5 , - - . .
1990 H E Holt #8016.
1990 YF-23A ()
-1990 , YF-23 " " - " " ().
1991 () . (1991).
1991 86- .