
1869
( - મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ (મહાત્મા) ગાંધી; - मोहनदास कर्मचन्द (महात्मा) गान्धी; Mohandas Karamchand "Mahatma" Gandhi)
. () . , . , , , . P , . , - , . , (18221885), . . . , , , , , , . 13 ( ). : (18881949), (28 18921956), (18971969) (19001957). . . , , . ; . . , . , . 1933 . 19 , . 1891 , , . , 1893 , . (). , .. .. ( ). , . 1915 .. , . 1915 , ( ( , ). . . : , , . 1921 , 1934 - . . , , . , , . . , , , , . , , : , , , , - , . . , : , , ( ), . - , , , .

, - . . , , . , 1932 , . . , . . . , , . , , . . , . () . . 1938 , . . 1940 , ( ) . , . . ( ). , [, ], , , , . , , , , . , , , . 1941 , . , . , [ ] , . , . , . 1947 . . 1947 . , , , . 1948 . : . , . . . , : , , , , , . . , . , , . . , , . , . . . , , . , . 1947 . . - , . 37 , , . 20 1948 , . , . , . , , , . , . 78 . 30 1948 , . . , . , . , , , . , . , . , , : , ! , ! ( , ). , , . 17 17 . , , . . , . . . . 15 1949 . . 30 2008 , 60- , , . , 1997 . , , : -, , -, , , , , -, . , , . . . .
-
1948 10
, 100- . , 1969, 6 ( 3793, 3639)
. , , . 1906 . 10 , : (Gandhi, 1982, , , 8 ) , (Hé Rām, 2000). , : ( ). , . , , -- 2000 . 2007 , . , Der Spiegel ( 2007 ): , . ? (.) ? , . , ? , . , , . .
. : , , , . , , . , , . :
1) , , : , , . , . - . , ? ?;
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5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 1000 . 10- . . , , . , , . . . , , . , . , . , .
: ( ). (). . ; . , , 1969; . : , 1998; .. .. . // .. / . ( ) : , 1939. II. ( ; 37/38); ( ).
1871
-, (1935), . . (1897). 1897 1898 , , - . 1900-1913 , . 1914 - ( - ..). 1926-1930 . 1935 . 1925 - [ - .. ("-")], . . , , . , , () . - . . 29 1935 . 1968 .., . . - ...
.
: , , 1914: , , 1925: , 6- , - , 1931; , , 1932; , 3- , , 1935; , 8- , , 1937: , 5- , , 1950; , 1-7, , 1963-1965.
: .., .. , , 1949 ( ); .., .., , 2- , , 1953; .., - 85 , "", 1956, 4; / .. .- : , 1981, 82.
1871
- , . , . .. , . 1935 537 , 130135 , .. .. - . - , 1941 . .. 1944 526 , 1945 527 . 1946 526 3 . 19 1947 1946 .
.. .. (). 1947 .
9 1948 . 1955 , 1957 , 17 , ... 2 (10 1935, 19 1947), , (1939).

1871
(Cordell Hull)
, , 1946 , , , . . 5 . 1891 . , , , . 18931897 , - . 19031907 . , ( ) 1907 1931. . ( 18 ), , (1913), (1916) . , , 1919 , . . 1933 , - 1929. , 21 , : - (1936), (1938), (1940).

1931 , 1933 - . 1944. (, ). . . 1934. , : , 1939, , . , 1936 , . , -, -. , , . - 1945. 1946. . , 23 1955 .
: The Memoirs of Cordell Hull. 2 vols. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1948.

1875
(Arthur William Conway)
,, , . . . 19011940 . ( 19401947 . ). , , . ( ). , . 11 1950 .
: Whittaker, E. T. (1951). "Arthur William Conway. 1875-1950". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 7 (20): 328326. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1951.0004. edit; De Valera School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland; Arthur W. Conway (1911) "On the application of quaternions to some recent developments in electrical theory", Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 29 A:19; A.W. Conway (1912) "The quaternionic form of relativity", Philosophical Magazine (6) 24:208; George Temple (1981) 100 Years of Mathematics: a personal viewpoint, 6.6 "Quaternions in Relativity Theory", page 51, Springer-Verlag ISBN 0-387-91192-8; A.W. Conway (1947) "Applicationsof quaternions to rotations in hyperbolic space", Proceedings of the Royal Society A 191:13745; A.W. Conway (1948) "Quaternions and quantum mechanics" Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, Acta Vol. XII-N.23, 1948; J. Lambek (1950) "Biquaternion vector fields over Minkowski space", PhD thesis, April 1950; Conway, A. W.; Synge, J. L. (9 March 1929). "Letter to the Editor: Hamilton's Contributions to Geometrical Optics". Nature 123: 349. doi:10.1038/123349c0; Bourgin, D. G. (1942). "Review: The Mathematical Papers of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Vol. II". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 48 (11): 813818. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1942-07796-2; "Arthur W. Conway". UCD Archives. Archived from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-29; J. McConnell (1953) Selected Papers of Arthur William Conway, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
1876
, (1943), (1945), . . 1899
. 19021919 . 19111953 ( 1). 1920 ( 1939 ) 2- , 19421947 1- ; 1945 ( , ). . . , , , ; . , , . . - , . 1- (1938). " " (1933, 4- , 1946) . , . 8 1963 .
: , " ", 1938, 4, 2; , , , " ", 1947, 9, 1; " ", 1952, 6; , , 1955, 2; , [], 1925; , 4- , , 1946.
: .., . ., .., " ", 1956, 18, 7; ... (), "", 1963, 6.

1877
( - Michel Dimitri Calvocoressi)
- . . , , , . , , ( , ); , , 1914 . ( ), , ( - La Musique russe; , 1907), (. Principes et méthodes de la critique musicale; , 1923, 1933), (Musical Taste and How to Form It, , 1925), (Masters of Russian Music, , 1936, , 1944, ). (1906), (1908, 1946), (1911), (1912), (1941). 1 1944 .
: Michel Dimitri Calvocoressi. Bakers Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Centennial Edition. Nicolas Slonimsky, Editor Emeritus. Schirmer, 2001.

1878
. , , . , . . , , . , . . . 1894 1900 . . , , , , - ... ... 1907 .. , , . , .. . . : " ", 1915 . . , , , .. . . .. , , . 1921 , 1922 () . 1924 , , , , . , . .. "" . 1936 . , , . 1944 , , - , 1949 . 1948 ... , , , , .. . , . , . (1942). 5 1952 .
.
: , " ", 1915, 13; - , " ", 1931, 6; . ( ), 4- , , 1947 ( ..).

1879
, , - ( 1946). . 3 - , (1900) . - (1911). ... 1911-1915 . , 1915-1959 . () ( 1931-1959 . , ), 1920-1936 . . . (1933-1946) , , , , . , , . , . 6 1959 .
: .., .., " ", 1959, 6, 2.

1879
(Wallace Stevens)
. (Harmonium, 1923) , (The Man with the Blue Guitar, 1937), (Parts of the World, 1942) (Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction, 1942) - , 1955 , . ( ). 18971900 , - , 1904 . , -. -. 1916 , 1934 - . , , , 2 1955 . , (The Collected Poems, 1954), (The Necessary Angel, 1951); , , , (Opus Posthumous, 1957). , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , . : Harmonium/ (1923); Ideas of Order/ (1936); The Man with the Blue Guitar/ (1937); Parts of a World/ (1942); Transport to Summer/ (1947); Collected Poems/ (1954); Opus Posthumous/ (1957); The Palm at the End of the Mind/ (1972). : The Necessary Angel (1951). : / .. : , 2000; / .. New York: Ars-Interpres, 2003; // . . : , 2005, 47-69; / .. : -, 2008.
: Borroff, Marie, ed. Wallace Stevens: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1963; Pearce R.H., Hillis Miller J. The act of the mind; essays on the poetry of Wallace Stevens. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1965; Wendler H. On Extended Wings: Wallace Stevens' Longer Poems. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1969;Wendler H. Wallace Stevens: Words Chosen out of Desire Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984; Bloom H. Wallace Stevens. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1985; Sharpe T. Wallace Stevens: a literary life. New York: St. Martins Press, 2000.
1881
( - )
-, , (10 1934 ). , . 1898 - - . 1901 - . 1903 , . 1906 - - . 1906 , . 1907 , - - , 1911 -. 1911 . .. .. -. 19121913 . 1915 . . 1917 . - (). 19181922 - , . 1923 , - . 1927 , . , , . 1934 . 1935 , , . . 29 1936 .
.
1981 , ( ), .
: .. .. // . . 252256; ., . . . // , , 1935, 763798; . // . 2008. 4 . 6; . . .. , 1991.

1882
, (1950), (1952). , . 60 . : (1903, ) 2- .; (1904) (1905) 45-; (1906) 12- ( .); (1906 1907) 46- 12- ( .); - (1909) 5-; - (1911) 89-; (1912) 2-; - (1914) 67- . 1920 , . (, 1930 2- .; , 1932 56-; , 1934 67- .) . . (1946) 2- .; (1954) 23- . ( .). ; . 3:1 (1932); . 3,5:3,5 (+1, 1, =5; 1902) . 2:2 (+1, 1, =2; 1933). 1954. (1954). 30 1962 . (.).