
1830
, . , , -, , (18021873) Ը () (18011873), .., . : ϸ (18271889, ), (18291912, ..), (18331859). 1 1841 , 7 1848 - 16 . 26 1849 . - . , . 11 1854 . 1854 .., 1854 1855 - 5 1854 3- . , . 18 1855 - 7 1856 2- . 24 1859 ; III . 20 -. 29 1860 . 27 1861 , 11 4- . 6 1863 - , . 11 1864 - ; 6 1864 - . 11 1866 3- . 21 1867 - ; , , , - , , , ; 25 1873 -. 1- (11 1868 ), 1- (11 1870 ), 2- (11 1872 ) (11 1875 ). 21 1877 2- . - 18771878 . ; 24 1877 4- , . 1878 . , , 2- , 5- 31- . . 16 1878 . 3- , 1877 . 1878 3, 4 5 1878 ., 22 1879 Pour le Merite. ; 29 1879 26 1881 .13 1885 , 1894 . 18931894 . - 1897 . I, II, . 11 1887 . 1890 1894 -- . 13 1894 - , 24 1896 . 26 1896 , . (11 1882 ., 11 1885 .), 1- (11 1891 .), (26 1896 .) . 20 1908 , - . . ( 6 1855 .) - (18381869), - -; ( 1877 .) , , 2- , . .. 1- : ( ), (18571943, , ..), (18591905, -, ), ϸ ( ), Ը (18631939, - ..), (18651951, , ..). 2- : (18771917, ..), (18811935, ), (18821939, , - ..).

1835
(Andrew Carnegie)
, , , . , , . " " . . , . Carnegie Steel Company , Federal Steel Company U.S Steel. . - - ( 1891). -, , , - . , , , , . , . . 1836 - ( Reid's). 1848 , . . 13 . 12 . . 2 . - . , , . 1850 2.5 . , . , . 1853 , 4 . 18 . . , . .. . , . . 1855 500 Adams Express. . , . , , , , . . 1861 , , , , . .
, -. . , , . , The Keystone Bridge Works Union Ironworks . , , . . . . , . , , . 1879 . 40.000 . 1884 50.000 ( - Medical Center). 1881 . . 1886 , 43 . , . . 1889 "Wealth" North American Review. . , . . . , , . 1898 . 20 . . , , 20 . , . , - . , . . . 1880-, , , , 2000 . 1888 . 1889 , , . . , , Lucy Furnaces, Union Iron Mills, Union Mill (Wilson, Walker & County), Keystone Bridge Works, Hartman Steel Works, Frick Coke Company. 1901 66- . . , , . , . , , . , . , 2 1901 , , , (United States Steel Corporation). 400.000.000 , . . , -. , , . . , . 3000 , 47 , , , , , , -, . £ 50.000 1899 . 2 . 1901 , 1902 . $ 30,000,000 , . 11 1919 . , -. , , .
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, , . , , , . : (Round the World), 1884; (An American Four-in-hand in Britain), 1883; (Triumphant Democracy), 1886; (The Gospel of Wealth), 1889; The Empire of Business, 1902; The Secret of Business is the Management of Men, 1903; James Watt, 1905 ( Famous Scots Series); Problems of Today, 1907; Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie, 1920 ( ).
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1836
, . -. . " " 1860 . "", " " . : "" (, -, 1888), "" (-, 1896), " " (-, 1897) . 1900 .

1838
( - ́ ́ ́-́; )
, . , . , 1847 . 1853 . 1861 , 1865 , , (18661867), (18671872), ( 1873). 1868 . - , , , , ( , 1878 ), ( , 1912 ). 15 1918 . - ( - , , ). . - . ( . .). .., .., .., ..-, .. - . - . - - - 1968 . : (1868, , 1882); (1868, ; , 1874 1887); (1869); (1873, , 1874); (, 1874); (1874); (1875); (, , 1875); (1878, , 1883); ( ) (1878, , 1887); (, 1881); (, 1881); ( , 1884 1885); ( , 1886); (1887, ); (. , 1887, VIII); (, 1889); (. , 1888, I); (ib., 1890, II); ( . , 1890). : (, 1875); (, 1875; . ); (, 1886); (1911). - : ϸ (1876); (1876); (1876); ; (1895); (1897). - : , 1912; , 1907; ( ) , 1878, 1884; ; ; ; ; . : , 11 ., . . , , , 19261930; ., , . 3, . I, , 1893; ., , , 1881; ., , 1917; ., -, , 1925,. 3; H ., . . , . , 1925; ., , , 1927; ., . -, , 1929; ., . . -, , 1928, 3; , , , 1929: , , , , , 1931; ., . - (, . . -. ), 1929; ., ϳ , - , 1931. . . (7 , , 19001911).

1839
() , [ (1859), (1863), , (1866), , , ]. ( ) , . , , . XIX , . , . , , , . . , . , , . , XIX , . . .-. . . , . . . , . , , . . . , . . . , , . , . . : , . ! 1859 . . - , . , . , . 1863 . , , , . .. , . , . , . . , . . , . Dzienniku Literackim : , , ; , , , . ( , - .) , , . , . . , , . 1866 . , , . . , , - . , . , , . , , , . . , , , , . 1866 . , , . , 1869 ; . . . , 1866 . : , . Dziennik Literacki, . 1867 , . , . , . . , . , , , . . . . . 16 1870 . - . , , . , , . - ? ? : : "ryla", "Pokusa", "Paziowie królowej "Marysienki", "Chochlik", "Zemsta Stasi", "Nę dznicy"

1839
, , -, - - . . , , , . , 16 1859 - - . 1861 , , 1864 . , . (30 1861 ), - (6 1864 ) (9 1865 ). , - , . 31 1868 1 1871 . 29 1872 , 24 1879 , 20 1882 - 1- . 10 1894 37- , . 30 1894 -. - 30 1899 , . , , . , , , . ( ..), . - , , ; , , , . . . . 18361885 .. , , , . , , . ; 18841889 . , 18891896 . , 1897 . . 1892 - . : 2- (1869 ); 2- (1873 ); 4- (1876 ); 3- (1879 ); 1- (1885 ); 1- (1888 ); 2- (1891 ); (1896 ); . .. " 50- " . 1910 .. ( ). -. . : , . .. . -, 1866; 26 , 1867 1871 . // - . -, 1872 1873 .; - 1867 1871 . // . 13; . , 1872 ( ); - , 1874 . ( ); , . // , 1875; . , 1879; // , 1879; // , 1881 ( ); , . . , 1881; ( ). . -, 18811882; . ( ). // , 1882; // , 1882; // , 1882; . -, 1882; 1836-1885 . -, 1890; ( 1891) - .

1841
( - Ernst Schröder)
. . ʸ 1865 . 1874 , 1876 . , . (. Ueber iterirte Functionen; 1871) , , . , . . 1877 . ( - Algebra der Logik; 1890 1895), , ( ) . , ; . . (A comparision between the treatment of the Algebra of relatives by Schröder and that by Whitehead and Russell). . 16 1902 . : Lehrbuch der Arithmetik und Algebra, 1873; Über die formalen Elemente der absoluten Algebra, 31 S., Stuttgart, 1874; Der Operationskreis des Logikkalkuls, 1877; Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik, 3 Bände, Band 1 18901895; Über das Zeichen, Karlsruhe, 1890; Über zwei Definitionen der Endlichkeit und G. Cantor'sche Sätze Abhandlung in der Reihe Kaiserliche Leopoldino-Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Bd. 71, S. 301362, Halle, 1898; Abriß der Algebra der Logik, 2 Teile, Leipzig, 1909/1910.

1844
( - Karl Friedrich Michael Benz)
, , . Daimler-Benz AG. . , , , . . , 1853 , . 9 1864 19 . , , . 1871 .
, , . 20 1872 . . . 31 1878 . : , , , , , . 1882 Gasmotoren Fabrik Mannheim, 1883 . Benz & Company Rheinische Gasmotoren-Fabrik, Benz & Cie. . . . , . .

1885 Motorwagen. 1886 , , 1887 . 1888 . , . 5 1888 , . 106 . ( ) . , , . 18861893 25 Motorwagen.

1893 Victoria 3 . . . 17-20 /. 45 . 1894 Velo. Velo . 1895 , . 1889 . Daimler (). , . 1890 , . , . , . 1897 2- , - ( ). Benz . , . 1906 , .
28 1926 Benz & Cie. DMG , Daimler-Benz ( ), Mercedes Benz DMG 35- Mercedes 1902 , . Mercedes (Mercedes Jellinek), (Emil Jellinek), . ( , ), . , 1929 . 5 1944 . 2011 ().

1845
( - Jose Maria Eca de Qeiroz)
. --, . 1866 . 18661871 , . 18721900 . . , 18661867 (1905), . 1870- ( , 1871); . (1873) (1875), , , , (1878), , .

(1887) , . , , . (1888) (1897), , . (. 1901) . , . 16 1900 . : Obras completas, Sao Paulo, t. 121, (Sao Paulo, 1961); . .., 1, , 1923; . . ( .), , 1970. : Moog V., ç de Queiróz século XIX, 5-a ed., (Rio de J., 1966); Da Fonseca G., Eça de Queiróz. Sua vida e sua obra vistas sob novo aspecto, (Rio de J.), 1970 ( ); Cortesao J., Eça de Queiróz e a guestao social, Lisboa, (1970) ( ).

1846
(Carrie Nation)
, . , . . , , 1966 . 180 80 . ", , ", . " " - Carry Nation. Carrie, , Carry . . XX , Carry A. Nation, - , . , , , . , , . , . . Ÿ , , . 1865 , 21 1867 . , , . , . , . , 19 . 27 1877 . 690 . ( ). . , 1880 , A.R. Jesse W. Park. . , ( ) , . , , - . ( ). 1889 , , , - ( ), , .

- . . Ÿ , , , . , , . 5 1900 , . : , , , , . , , , , . , : - , . , , . : , , . , , . , , . , . : " , ". , . 1900 1910 30 . , . 1901 - (), , . , , $500 ($12,300 2007 ). , "All Nations Welcome But Carrie", " , " ( Nation ""). "The Smasher's Mail" (" "), "The Hatchet" (""), , , , , . - 1901 , , , . -, , , " ". , , . , . 9 1911 Belton City Cemetery , . " , , " - "Faithful to the Cause of Prohibition, She Hath Done What She Could". Ÿ , , 1950- 1976 . : The Use and Need of the Life of Carrie A. Nation (1905) by Carrie A. Nation; Carry Nation (1929) by Herbert Asbury; Cyclone Carry: The Story of Carry Nation (1962) by Carleton Beals; Vessel of Wrath: The Life and Times of Carry Nation (1966) by Robert Lewis Taylor; Carry A. Nation: Retelling The Life (2001) by Fran Grace and was apart of the blac nation corp (bnc).
1848
, . . . 1871 . - . 1873-1874 . - , " ". " 193-", . 1880 . , " ", , . II 1 1881 ., , , 1883 . . 18 1883 . : .., .., , 1930.

1850
( - Eduard Sievers)
-. . (1870). ( 1871), ( 1883), ( 1887) ( 1892). , , - , , . . Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (18911906, 19241931). 30 1932 . : Paradigmen zur deutschen Grammatik (1874); Der Heiland und die angelsächsische Genesis, (, 1875); Zur Accent und Lautlehre der german. Sprachen (1878); Grundzüge der Phonetik (5 , , 1901); Angelsächsische Grammatik (4- , , 1921); Aitgermanische Metrik (2 , , 1905); Metrische Studien, Bd 1-4 (, 19011919); Rhythmischmelodische Studien (, (1912); Ziele und Wege der Schallanalyse (, (1924); Die althochdeutschen Glossen, Bd 1-5, ., 18791882 ( .).
1852
(Eduardo de Hinojosa y Naveros)
. (1889 .), (1904 .), (1907 .). . , . ., .. . (XX .) ( ). 19 1919 . : Obras, t. 1-2, Madrid, 1948-1955.