
836
I
867, . ( ) . III, 866 . , . I . . ( 870-879 ). ¸ ; II ( 855-875) ( 868 - ). 886 . 883-885 I, . 29 886 .

1616
(Carlo Dolci)
. . , , . 1640- - , , . , 1650- , e . . ; . . " " (, ). , . 17 1686 . : I 1631 , ; II 1632 , ; 1641 , ; - , ; 1674 , ;
1660/1670 , ; 1665/75 , ; 1632 , ; : Die Welt der Malerei, Kln 1990.
1663
(Johann Dientzenhofer)
, . -. - ( , , 1704-1712; , , 1710-1718) ( , , 1711-1718). 20 1726 .

1713
, - (1762-1763). . III, . 1756-1763 . . 1763 . . 10 1792 .
1764
(Matthew Camidge)
, . . . . , , . (II) (1790-21 1859 ) (Mus.D.) , , 1842 . 1848 , (1828-1912) 10 . 23 1844 .
1775
I (Rana Bahadur; - , Shah Deva)
(1778-1799;1804-1806). 25 1806 .

1787
(1829-1829). 23 1862 .
1791
I
(1820-1841). 20 1941 .

1802
( ) (Johann Friedrich von Brandt)
, . . , . 1821 1826 . , , , , . , , . 1824 . , , 9 . 1828 . - ; 1830 - ; 1831 . - . 1832 . , 1833 . ; , 15 1879 . , . , ( 1843 1859 .) , ( 1857 1869 .) - . 1831 . . , . , - . 15 1879 . : , , , . : Medizinische Zoologie, , , 18291833; Prodromus descriptionis anicualium ab H.Mertensio in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione observatorum. Fasciculus I. Polypos, Acalephas et Syphonophoras (Recueil des Actes, 1834); Beitrage zur naheren Kentniss der Saugethiere Russlands ( Memoires de lAcademie des Sciences de St. Petersb.", VI VII); Blicke auf die allmahligen Fortschritte in der Gruppirung der Nager (Melanges biologiques, . II); ; Bemerkungen uber die Verwandschaften der biologischen Haupt-Typen der Kerffresser (Mel. biol., II); Observations sur le Manoul (Bull. scientif., IX); Mammalium robustium exoticorum descriptiones et icones (Memoires VI Ser., I (III); Observations sur les differentes especes de sousliks de Russie (Bull. phys. math., II); Untersuchungen uber die Gattung der Klippschliefer (Hyrax) (Mem. VII. Ser., XIV, 2); Symbolae sirenlogicae (-, 1846 1861-1868); Ueber den Zahnbau der Stellerschen Seekuh (Mem. VI. Ser., II), Einige Worte uber Bartg eier im Russland (Bull. scient., VI); Note sur les especes do Loxia ( , IX), Observations sur les differentes especes de Faisans (Bull. phys. math., III); Versuch einer kurzen Naturgeschichte des Dodo (Verhandl. d. Russ. Kais. Min eralog. Ges. zu St. Petersb., 1848); Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Naturgeschichte der Vogel (Mem. VI. Ser., III); Avium provinciae Petropolitanae enumeratio (Journal f. Ornithologie, 1880); Observationes quaedam ad generis Trionichum species (Bull. phys. math., XVI); Ueber Albinismus und eine abweichende Farben Spielart des Sterlad; Bemerkungen uber die Classification der kaltblutigen Ruckenmarkthiere zur Beantwortung der Frage: was ist ein Fisch (Mem. VII Ser., IX 3); Tentaminum quorundam monographicorum Jusceta Myriapoda Chilognotha (Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. de Moscou, VI, 1833); Recueil des memoires relatifs a lordre des Insectes Myriapodes, -, 1841; Krebse . : Reise in den aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens, -, 1851, II; Echinodermen ( ); (-, 1858, ); Observationes anatomicae de mammalium quorundam praesertim quadrumanorum vocis in strumento (, 1826); Bemerkungen uber den inneren Bau des Wychuchol (Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1836); Beitrage zur Kenntniss der inneren Weichtheile des Lama (Mem., VI Ser., L. IV); Bemerkungen uber die Mundmagen oder Dingeweidenerven (Nervus sympathicus s. nervi reproductorii) der Evertebraten (Mem., VI. Ser., I); De Dinothorium genere (Mem., VII. Ser., XIV, 1); Observationes de Elasmotherii reliquiis (Mem., VII. Ser., VIII); Untersuchungen uber fossilen und subfossilen Cetaceen Europas (Mem., VII Ser., XX, 1); (-, 1856); Untersuchungen uber die Verbreitung des Tigers (Mem., VI. Ser., VIII). 2- (1829-1834), (1858).

1803
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
. ( ). , 1832, , . 1850 . 1835, ( ), , , . , : "" (1844), " " (Representative Men, 1850), " " (English Traits, 1856), " " (The Conduct of Life, 1860). 1846 1867 . "" (Brahma), "" (Days), " " (The Snow-Storm) " " (Concord Hymn) . 27 1882 . (Journals, 19091914). " " (Nature, 1836), " " (American Scholar, 1837), " " (Address, 1838), " " (Self-Reliance, 1841) . , , , , , . , , , , . 18 , . , , . . . . ., . .. , .. .; , , ; . , .. , ., . ..

1803
- (Edward Bulwer Lytton)
. . - , . , . 1859 ; 1866 . - 18 1873 . : , (Pelham, or the Adventures of a Gentleman, 1828), ; (Eugene Aram, 1832), , ( ); (The Last Days of Pompeii, 1834), ; , (Harold, the Last of the Saxons, 1848), . (The Caxtons, 1849) (My Novel, 1853) . .., . , 1871, (The Coming Race, 1871). , ( King Arthur, 1839) ( The Lady of Lyons, 1839; Money, 1840; Richelieu, 1839, 20 .).

1810
(Pierre Edmond Boissie)
, . . -. , , . , (1836) . 1838 Elenchus plantarum novarum minusque cognitarum, , , 200 . 1839 Voyage botanique dans le mide de lEurope pendant lanne 1837, in 4, 1846. 1842, , , , 1845 1846 , , Lucile Butini ( Celsia luciliae, Omphalodes luciliae Chionodoxa luciliae), , , . 1849 , , , , , , , , , 1866 . 1867 Flora orientalis, , 5- 1884, , 1885. Flora orientalis 11 876 , , . , . 3 602 , 2 338 . 103 28 , 18 496 , 347 378 . ( ) 21. . Valeyres-sous-Rances 25 1885 . :
Flora Orientalis sive Enumeratio Plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto as Indiae Fines publisher H. Georg, Bibliopolam Genevae et Basileae, 18671884, 5 ; Elenchus plantarum novarum in itinere hispanico legit, 1838; Georges Franois Reuter (18051872), Diagnoses plantarum novarum hispanicum, 1842; Voyage botanique dans le midi de lEspagne, 18391845; Georges Franois Reuter, Pugillus plantarum novarum Africae borealis Hispaniaeque australis, 1852; Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, 18421859; Friedrich Alexander Buhse (18211898), Aufzhlung der auf einer Reise durch Transkaukasien und Persien gesammelten Pflanzen, 1860; Icones Euphorbiarum, 1866. : Ascherson P., Edmond Boissier, "Berichte der Deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft", 1886, Bd 4.

1818
(Jacob Christoph Burckhardt)
. . , , , . 1893. 8 1897 . , . , , , , . , , . , , . , , . , . : (Die Zeit Konstantins des Grossen, 1853); (Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien, 1860) (Cicerone, 1855) . , , (Geschichte der Renaissance in Italien, 1867), . , . , , , . , . , (Griechische Kulturgeschichte, 4 Bd., 18981902), - .

1821
, , . , . , 1845 . . 1853 . - "" "", 60- "" "". , . , : , , , . 60- . "" "". , : "" XVI XVII "" (, 1877). , : "" "", """", "" "", "" "", """" """". 1871 . .. """". , "" ""; , , , . , 1872 ., . 1880 . "" "" . (. XXVII, 306). , , . , . 1878 . , - ; , 1880 . . , , . 40- , , , . , """", , . . 40- , . , , , , , , . , , ; , . "" "", ; . 7 1889 . : "" "" (1880); "" "" (1882, "" ""); "" , "" ("" "", 1883, 8); "" """" ("" "", 1884, 11 - 12), (, 1886); "" "" ("" "", 1888, 2, 3, 5, 10; . "" "", , 1889). "" .."" (, 1891).

1826
( 1851). , . (1852). , . 1855 " ", . , ( 1857- 1858). - 1857-58 . 1 1860 . : h ., , , , 1935, . 5 6.

1828
( - Krlis Ptersons)
. . (1853), ... 1865 . . . , . , . . . 1 1881 . : ( . ...), : - , 5, , 1952. : .., , : - , 5, , 1952.

1829
-, , 1- , . . , 24- 1846 . (1848 .) , ( ), 1848 . 1851 . "", "" "", : "" "", "" "", 7- 1851 . 1852 1853 . "", , . "", 1854 . , . 1855 . , , 23- . , - - "", , - , "". , . , 1856 ., "-", 1859 . , . 1860 . "" 17- -. 1861 . "", , . , . 1862 . , , . . 1863 ., " ", "" . , , . 15- 1865 . . , , : " - ". , , 27- 1866 . 2- . 1870 . . , , ; "" , , "" . 1- 1871 . 1- . 22 1878 . , , , " ", , , . , , , ; "", , . . , , " ". : " . " ( " " 1860 ., 9), . 1860 ., ; ", " ( " " 1860 .); " 1855 1856 ." 2 ( " ", 7 8, 1861 .); " ". ( ) 4, " . , , , , , , , " ( , 10); " , 1862 ." (, ) ( 1862 ., 8); : , , , ( ); " T.". ., -, 1863 .; " . " ( ) ( " " 1863 ., 9); " ". -, 1863 ( 11 " "); " , "". -, 1865 .; " ". -, 1865 .; " ". -, 1865 . ( ); " ". 1866 . , 5 1867, 1869, 1871, 1872 1875 .; " ". -, 1867 .; " , - , 1870 ". -, 1871 .; " .." ( ); " " ( ) -; " ". " . . "; " ", IX, 366370; .., " ". XXIX 390391; " "; " "; " ", 1897 ., 24; "- ", 1878 ., 57; , "", V..
1835
(Lorenz Nikolai Acht)
, (), , - . . ... 1868 ( ), 1869 , (1872). 1870 "" - . 1873 . 1873-1879 . , " " " " , "" , "" . . . . 18 1900 . : Aspelin-Haapk 1 a E., Suomalainen Teatteri ja Oopera, Helsingf., 1908.

1836
, , . , , . - . 1858 . .., , . , .. ... 1865 . . - . 1867 . - - . - , 1871 . . .. , . 1873 . , . 1883 . .. , 1886 . ; 1887 . . 1900 . .. , . 1892 . .. , 1893 . . 1894 . - . 1896 1905 . . 1900 . 1906 , 1907 1916 2- . 1915 , . 1916 ... 80 . , . 15 1920 , . .
1844
--
, (1884-1885).
1845
, , , . ., . . (). 1874 . - . ( 1871). , , .

1845
(Laroche)
. - ( ). , ..; - ( .. ) 1866 .., . 18671870 18831886 , 1870- - , . - , ( , , .). : , , . . , . , ( ). , , (, ..), ( .., , ). . , . , 19 . . - : ; , , -; . - 18 1904 . : - , -, 1894; - , 1-2, , 1913-1924; , , 1953. : .., .., : .., - , 1, , 1913; .., .., : .., , 2-3, , 1958-1960.

1846
(Naim Frashri)
. . . (1885, ), (1886), (1890), (1894), - (1898), (1898). (1886, ) . , , , . , , . 20 1900 . : Vjersha lirike, Tiran, 1950; Histori e Sknderbeut, Tiran, 1953; Bagti e bujgsia, Tiran, 1960. : Historia e litrsis shqipe, v. 2, Tiran, 1959.

1847
, . -, , . . 1865 , - - . 4 1867 . . ("" .) , 1870 , .. 1870 . . . (", " .) (1870, ..), 1874, 1875/1876 1879. 1873 1874, 1877/78 . 1874 "" . - , 187778 , 18781903 ( 1882 ). 1881 , "" ... 1903 " ". "" , . ( ), . . , , . 1- : ("" .; 1868, , ), (" " ., 1882), (" " ., 1885), (" " .., 1890); ("" . , 1879), ("" . , 1879), ("" ., , 1879), ( ., 1881), (" " ., 2- , 1888), ("" ., 1895); ("" ., 1874), ("-" ., 1880), ("" ., 1894). : (" " . ), ("" .), ( .), (" " .), ("" ..). : (" " .), (" " .), ("" .), (" " .), ("" .-), ("" .); (" " .), (" " .., 1882), (" " ..), ("" ., 1879), ("-" ., 1880), ("" .), - ("-, " .), (" " . ), ("" . ), ("" .). 1875 - " " .. : .., .., .., ., ., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., ., .., ... .., .., .., .., .., .., .. ¸ . ., ., .-, .. (, ., ., .., ..), . (, 26 1898, , ., .., ., ..-), . (9- , 7 1901 ., ., ., .). , - ( ). ., ., ., ., ., , , . , .. 1871 . 1878 , , , , . . 48 . , , . (18821903) . 1- : "" . (1884), " " . (1885), " " . (1887), "" . (1887), " " .. (1888), "" . (1892), " " . (1892), "" .. (1893), " " . (1897); "" . (1883), "" . (1883), "" . (1884), "" . (1886), "" .- (1887), "" . (1887), "" . (1888), " " ., 2- , 1888), "" . (1889), " " .. (1889), "" . (1890), "" . (1891), " " . (1891), "" . (1892), "" . (1893), "" .- (1893), "" . (1893), " " . (1896), " " . (1898), " " .- (1898), "" . (1898); "" . (1893), "" . ( , 1894), "" . (1894), " VIII" .- (1897), " " . (1899), " " . (1902). " " .. (1882), "-, " . (1882), " " . (1882), " " . (1883 1889), " " . (1883), " " . (1883), " " . (1883), " " . (1884), "" .. (1885), " " .. (1886), "-" . (1887), "" . (1887 1897), ", " . (1887), " " . (1890), " "/"" . (1890 1901), "-" . (1891), " " . (1892), "" . (1895), "" . (1898), "" . (1898). 18751876 , 18981916 19191921 ( ) - . ., . ( 18981902), ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., .., ., ., ., ., .-. 1921 , 1927 . : . ( ) ("" . ) (1880, ). , 178, 9505, 9660, 58 , 18781921; , 22, 29 , 18861901. ( 590), ( 218); . ( 22). : (). , 2579, 1, 350. : . // . 1870. 9 ; [..] // . 1872. 11 . [..]; . // . 1901. 30 ; .. // . 1901. 31 ; // . 19021903. 3. 1315; . // . 1903. 50. 955; . ..: . // . 1908. 10 ; . . // . 1913. 2 ; .. // . 1913. 1229. 11; .. // . 1920. 53. 8; .. . , 1928. 159161; .. : . ; , 1937. 243, 244; . . : . .; , 1941. 104105; : . , 1953. 1113; . . , 1970. 1415; .. . , 1971. 851; .. XIX . 18731889. , 1973. 12, 32, 182; .. XIX ... 18901904. , 1974. 16, 77; .. . , 1976. 3. 267; .. . , 1972;

1848
( )
, , . . . 1903 . -, 1906 . . 1- 1914-1918 . . ( , ), 1914 . . 1914 ., ( ), , . 14 . 18 1916 .

1854
.
, . (1873), -. - 1877-78 . 1892 - - . 1894 - , 1896 , 1898 . 1903 . 1905 . 1908-1914 , -. - -. 1917 . . 27 1938 .

1856
'
(1921), (1934). - (1876). (18851986), (1912), (1900). 1- 19141918 5- , 19161917 , 1918 . 1919 . . 8 1942 .
1857
( - )
. 1873 . ; . 1897 . ; , , . , 1912 . - (, -). , , . : , , , ("", "", " ", "" ), ` (" " ), ("" ), (" " ..).
1860
- , .. ... - 1882 , 1883 ; 1884 , 1885 , 1889 . 1889 - . 1898 : . 1903 . 1 1920 . : , , 1898; , , 1902.
1860
( - ; James McKeen Cattell)
. ( ). 1880 , 1886 , , ø. . . -, , . 1891 (18911896), (18961902), (19021905) (18911917). , , ; . , , , , (Psychological Review), (American Men of Science), (Scientific Monthly) (Science). 1937 . ( ) 20 1944 .
1860
, . ... (1883) ; 1892 . -. 1898 . (). .; . 1906 . ; . . , . , I, - , , .