
1522
II
( ) 27 1575 2 1576, 2 1576 ( ), 6 1575 23 1611 ( II 22 1575), 25 1572 25 1608, 12 1576 ( V). . II. II ; , . : , , , , . , . , . , ; . , ( , ). , 1583 . ( , ), , , , , . . , , , ( ), . . , , . , . , . ( ) . . , II , 1582 ., , . II , . . , . . (1603) ; (1605). . , II . , , , ( 1606 .), . 1608 . II , . II 9 1609 . , (Majesttsbrief). . - , , 24 , 8 3- . , , , , . II , , - . 23 1611 . , . , , II 20 1612 , , . ( , ) , , , . . , . : Gindely, Rudolf II (, 1868); Bezold, K. Rudolf II und die heilige Liga.

1635
(; Robert Hooke)
. ( --) . ., . 1653 -- , . . 1662 , 16771683 ; 1665 . : , , , . . 1659 . . 1660 . . 1665 , ( , ) , , . (Micrographia, 1665) , , , , , , , , , . , . ; ; . 1674 , 1680, , , . 3 1703 .

1670
(Giovanni Battista Bononcini)
, . ... , , , . , , . , , 25 ( , 1702, , 1718, , 1727) 15 , 7 , , , , , . . 9 1747 .

1720
(Gilbert White)
, (1789), , . , , . 26 1793 .

1724
(Maria Antonia Walpurgis)
, -. . 23 1780 .
1754
(Sixt Bachmann)
. . 12 10- . , , . 18 1825 .

1810
() (Josef Anton Singer; - , Pater Peter Singer)
, , . . 25 1882 .

1810
(Arnold Pongracz; - Einsiedler von Tyrnau; Sphinz)
. 7 1890 .

1811
(William Makepeace Thackeray)
, . () - . . 18221828 -. , . - , : , . . , . 1836 ., . , . ( ) . (Novels by Eminent Hands, 18391847) . , , ., . . ., (Rebecca and Rowena, 1850). , , , , , ( ) . . , - . , ( ) . 1846 . 18471848, (Vanity Fair). , ; 19 . , , . . . , , : . : (Pendennis, 18481850), (The History of Henry Esmond, 1852), (The Newcomes, 18531855), (The Virginians, 18571859), (The Adventures of Philip, 18611862). : ( The Rose and the Ring, 1854), , ( 1853 XVIII The English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century), (Cornhill, 18601862), , (Lovel the Widower, 1860), (Roundabout Papers, 18601863) , . , (Denis Duval, 1864). 24 1863 . , , : . , , . (The Book of Snobs, 18461847). , , . . , : , . , . . , . - ( -) .
1813
.
1818
, , , -.
1820
, . . 1832 . 40- . - . 1857-58 "" (. 1-5). a ( "", 1848, " ", 1847). , , ("", "", "" .), .

1821
- (Pauline Garca-Viardot)
(-), . (). ., - . . .. 1837. 1839 - . , -, 1837 . : ("" ), ( ), (" " ), , , ("", " ", "" ), ( ), , (" ", "" ), (" ") - . ; , . 1863 , . - - , , " " ( 1869, ), "" " " ( - -). .., -. 1871-1875 - . - ., ., . . , , , , ( ..). , , 1843 . 40 . , , , , - ( ). , , , . 1863 , 1882-, . 18 1910 .
1821
(Eugen von Schmidt)
, . 30 1905 .
1829
, , "-", "" .
1831
, .
1833
, .
1837
()
. .
1839
, , . (1854-60). -. , 1866 - . . -. . , - -, , , ; . . . 29 1875 .
1843
(Johannes Kohtz; - Alfred Wiedemann; J. Kuck)
. 5 1918 .
1845
, , , . , . . , , -.
1848
, .
1849

1853
(Hendrik Antoon Lorentz)
, . . (187072), 18781923 . 1923 . (1875) . , 2 4 ( 6, ). . 1878 , . , 1892. , , , ( ). , ( ). ( , - , , ). ( , 1902, .). (1909). , , , . . 1895 , . , ( ..) 1892. - , ( , 1904), . . ( , , , ). , . Ǹ- (191826); . (191127). ( 1923, 1927). . 4 1928..
1862
( - )
, " ". . 1889 (-). , 22 1889 .

1862
, . . 1881 , 1887 - . - (1904-1905) . (1912) (1913) . , . - . 1915 - . 1915 , . 13-16 1916 . , , 1917 , . . 1918 . 1919 - , , - . 1919 , . 1920 - . 28 , . , . . , . 5 1933 .
1864
. 1888-1891 - ; (1892). 1926 , . . 1893 " " - . "Vita somnium breve" (1903, 1913 " "), " " (1904) . ; 1934-1949 " ". (1- 1891), , . ..ø (1931). 17 1947 .
1865
, " ", " ?", " ", " ", .
1866
(Shandor Koranie)
, . 1888 , . . , 1900 . 1909 III (1909-1936). , , . , . . , , . 12 1944 jlf.
1868
,
1870
, , .

1871
(Giacomo Balla)
, . . , . 1891 , . (1893), - . 1900, .Ѹ .. ( , , - , ). 1904 ; . ., . 1909 , ... , , , , ( , .-. .). , .. . , (1912, , ), (1912, , -), : , , (1913, , ), (1913, , ), (1915, , ). - : 1915 . . ( . , , 1915, , ); , , , , . 1920- , . (1929), . ( , 1929, , ) . . 1930- , . 1 1958 .
1872
- , .
1872
( ) (Julius Fuk)
. , 400. . , . 25 1916 .
1874
. . , . . 100 , (" ", " ", ), , , (.., ..-, .., .., .., .., ..). , - , - . . 11 1937 .
1875
- , . , . , - ( ) "" , - " " ( ).
1877
( - )
-. , , . 1898. , , . . , XIX-XX . ( "", 1911; "", 1922; "", "", "") : , , . , . , , , . .

1881
(Henri Pieron)
, . . .. 1923 . , , . . , , , (, .) . , , . . , . 6 1964 .

1882
(Arturo Carra)
. 12 1978 .

1883
(Blaskowitz)
. , . 1- . , , , , ", ". 1 1935 , 2- . 1938, . 15 1939 3- , . 2- . 1939 8- , . , , . , , 22 1939, - . . , -. , . , " ". , , . "". , . 1944 "" , 1945 . 12 . 5 1948, , . , , .
1883
.

1883
( - )
, . . . 1901 , : . , , , . 1903 , , . 1908 , , , . , , II . 1914 , -, IV , . 1917 , . , , . , . 1918 , . 1922 . , 1925 XIV . , . , ; 1934 , . , , - . 1936 - . 25 1936 , - . 1988 .

1887
(Vidkun Quisling)
- . . , 1911. 1920- . , . 1931 . 1933 (Nasjonal Samling). , . 1940 . 1942 - .. . 24 1945 .
1891
.
1892
, .
1892
. 1329 .
1893
1894
a
.
1895
, " ", , - . . , . , . 1916 . . 1924 . 1924-1932 . - (). 1937 . 1939 . . 22 30 , H-p, 1991 .

1896
(Franz Ferdinand Ludwig Palatz)
. 1945 .
1896
-, - ,
1897
, (1958). 1939. . (1920-1923) (1924-1925). - . 100 , : "" (1928), " " (1930), " " (1933), "" (1940) - . (), 1928-1939; " " (1938), " " (1956) . - .. (), 1939-1949. ( ), . . 9 1961 .
1897
.

1898
1- , - . . . 1911 - . - (1911-1912), (1912-1913), (1913-1916), (1917-1918). 1916 . 180- ( 1916 1916, 1917 1917), 1- ( 1916 1916), 433- ( 1916 1917, 1917 1917). 1917 . 1918 . 2- . , . , , . 1925 , 1929 1936 , 1934 .., 1939 . ()/ 1932 . 4 1940 945 " " , 7 1940 .. "- ". . 1941 16- . .. . , .. . 1942 .. - , . ( ). 17 1942 1844 - .. "- ". 1943 .. - , 1- . . 18 1943 1023 - .. "- ". , - . . 1- - .. , . - 1945 , . 6 1945 , - , - ( 5871). - .. - ( 1950 ), , . 11 1955 - . 1958 .. , . 1965 - . 2- (1946-1950). - . 25 1968 . . (8 1942, 6 1945, 21 1945, 30 1958), (12 1942, 27 1943, 3 1944, 24 1948, 22 1968), 1- (29 1944, 18 1944, 29 1945), 1- (8 1943), 2- (2 1943), (16 1936), , 4- (24 1946) 2- (24 1946), . -, . : (1959); (1962); (1969); , ! (1968, 1975, 1985); , ! (2008).

1900
(Nathalie Sarraute; - )
, . . - ( ) . , , . , , . 1925 1940. , (Tropismes, 1939), . , (Portrait d'un inconnu, 1948), ... (Martereau, 1959) (Le Planétarium, 1959), . (Les Fruits d'or, 1964), (Entre la vie et la mort, 1968). (Disent les imbéciles, 1976) , . 1983 (Enfance). , 1956 (L'Ère du soupçon). (Théâtre, 1978). 19 1999 .
1900
, , . . (1924), (1928, ..). 19131919 , . 12 1954 .
1901
, (1950). ... , - . , "" (1932) "" (1934). . 1966 . 2 , .
1902
, (" ", " ", " "). . (1920), - (1927, .). : , , , , . 12 1987 .
1901
(Frantisek Josef Prokop; - A.Sedlacek)
. 21 1973
1902
, .

1904
755- 217- 48- 1- , . . . . , . 1942 . , - . , , 1-, 2-, 3- . 1943 3- 755- . . - " ". . , , . 27 1944 ( ) , , , . 217- 7 1944 3- ( 127912). . 16 1944 () . . , , , . . . . 46- 24 1944 2- ( 2547). . 1 1944 - . . . , . 24 1945 - 1- ( 2646) . . 1945 . , "" , 35 , . . 5 1981 , . , 3- , , " ". , , .
1906
, (" ", " ").
1906
, .
1906
, . " ", "", "", "", " ", '", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "
1907
, - , , , . . ; () (1957). . (1965-1969) "". 21 1969 .
1907
. "" (), . .. 1941 . , , , , " ". 1956 . 1967 , . , , , , , . " " (1946). , " " ( 1958), - "" (1971) . " " (1962). .. (1967). 1974 .