Ñèñòåìà àíãëèéñêèõ âðåìåí
ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ãëàãîëà Tî Vodka
è ñàìîãî íàïèòêà
Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïðèñòðàñòèÿ ñîâðåìåííîãî æèòåëÿ Ðîññèè è åãî òÿãó ê îáó÷åíèþ
àíãëèéñêîìó ÿçûêó, à òàêæå æåëàíèå ðåøèòü ïðîáëåìó êîììóíèêàöèè íà
âûøåóïîìÿíóòîì ÿçûêå, âûøåóïîìÿíóòûìè ïðèñòðàñòèÿìè, à èìåííî: ÷ðåçìåðíûì
óïîòðåáëåíèåì àëêîãîëüíûõ íàïèòêîâ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî âîäêè; ìû ðåøèëè âàì ïîìî÷ü.
 àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå, ïî-ìíåíèþ ïîãîëîâíîãî ÷èñëà ÷èòàòåëåé, ñàìîå ãëàâíîå
ñèñòåìà âðåìåí. "Äàéòå ðàçîáðàòüñÿ, è ÿ çàãîâîðþ!" - âîò ëîçóíã ñîâðåìåííîãî
ìîëîäîãî ÷åëîâåêà/äåâóøêè.
Èòàê, äàâàéòå ðàçáèðàòüñÿ.
1. Âî-ïåðâûõ, íåîáõîäèìî óÿñíèòü, ÷òî â èññëåäóåìîì ÿçûêå ñóùåñòâóþò ãëàãîëû:
1.1 íåîïðåäåëåííûå (Indefinite), òî åñòü íåèçâåñòíî, ïüåøü òû èëè íå ïüåøü.
1.2 äëèòåëüíûå (Continuous), òî åñòü òû ïüåøü è íàõîäèøüñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè
ãëóáîêîãî çàïîÿ.
1.3 çàâåðøåííûå (Perfect), òî åñòü òû ëèáî óæå âûøåë èç çàïîÿ, ëèáî óæå
îêîí÷àòåëüíî íàïèëñÿ è âûðóáèëñÿ.
2. Âî-âòîðûõ, ñóùåñòâóåò îáúåêòèâíîå
2.1 íàñòîÿùåå (Present) - âàøå îòíîøåíèå ê ñïèðòíîìó;
2.2 ïðîøëîå (Past) - òåìíîå èëè ñâåòëîå;
2.3 áóäóùåå (Future) - òî, ÷òî âàì ñâåòèò: öèððîç ïå÷åíè, íàðêîëîãè÷åñêèé
äèñïàíñåð, áåëàÿ ãîðÿ÷êà è ò.ï.
3. Òåïåðü âñå ñìåøèâàåì.
3.1. Present
3.1.1. Present Indefinite (íàñòîÿùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå) ñì. âûøå Ïðèìåð: I vodka
every day.- ß ïüþ âîäêó êàæäûé äåíü. Âìåñòî every day ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü
âûðàæåíèÿ: usually, seldom, often, from time to time, from melkaya posuda,
bolshimi glotkamy...
3.1.2. Present Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå äëèòåëüíîå) Ïðèìåð: I am vodking now. - ß
ïüþ âîäêó ñåé÷àñ.
Äëÿ ýìôàòè÷åñêîãî óñèëåíèÿ ñ ýòèì âðåìåíåì ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü íàðå÷èÿ
ïðåäûäóùåãî: He is constantly vodking! - Îí ïîëíûé ñèíÿê!
3.1.3. Present Perfect (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííîå) Ïðèìåð: I have already vodked.-
ß óæå íàæðàìøèñü. (Â îòâåò íà ïðåäëîæåíèå âûïèòü).
3.1.4. Present Perfect Continuous (íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå) Ïðèìåð: I
have been vodking since childhood. - ß ïüþ âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà. (òèï inclusive) ß
ïèë âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà (íî óæå íå ïüþ) (òèï exclusive).
3.2. Past
3.2.1. Past Indefinite (ïðîøåäøåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå) Ïðèìåð: I vodked yesterday.-
ß íàïèëñÿ â÷åðà. (Íå ïóòàòü ñî âðåìåíåì 3.1.3., òàì òû íàïèëñÿ òîëüêî ÷òî).
3.2.2. Past Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå äëèòåëüíîå) ×àñòî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, êàê
ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ê ãëàâíîìó âî âðåìåíè 3.2.1. Ïðèìåð: Unfortunanely, I
was vodking at the moment my wife came. - Ê íåñ÷àñòüþ ÿ ïèë âîäêó â òîò ìîìåíò,
êîãäà ìîÿ æåíà âîøëà (ïîñëåäñòâèÿ ìîæíî ñåáå ïðåäñòàâèòü).
3.2.3. Past Perfect (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííîå) Òàêæå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, êàê
ïðèäàòî÷íîå. Ïðèìåð: I had already vodked when my wife came. - ß óæå óïèëñÿ,
êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà (òàê ÷òî ñïîðèòü ñî ìíîé áûëî áåñïîëåçíî).
3.2.4. Past Perfect Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå) Ïðèìåð: I
had been vodking for about a month when my wife came.- ß ïèë âîäêó óæå îêîëî
ìåñÿöà, êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà (ñïðàøèâàåòñÿ, ãäå æå îíà øëÿëàñü âñå ýòî âðåìÿ)?
3.3. Future
3.3.1. Future Indefinite (áóäóùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå) Ïðèìåð: I will vodka
tomorrow.- ß áóäó ïèòü âîäêó çàâòðà.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:  ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ (òî åñòü ïðè
îòñóòñòâèè ïîäõîäÿùåãî âðåìåíè è óñëîâèé) âìåñòî âðåìåíè 3.3.1. óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ
âðåìÿ 3.1.1.: If I vodka tomorrow I will be sick the day after tomorrow.- Åñëè
ÿ âûïüþ çàâòðà, ÿ áóäó áîëåòü ïîñëåçàâòðà.
3.3.2. Future Continuous (áóäóùåå äëèòåëüíîå) Ïðèìåð: I will be vodking
tomorrow at 5.- ß áóäó çàíèìàòüñÿ óïîòðåáëåíèåì ãîðÿ÷èòåëüíûõ íàïèòêîâ çàâòðà â
ïÿòü. Ïðèìå÷àíèå: Ïðè ãîðÿ÷åì æåëàíèè îïîõìåëèòüñÿ âìåñòî âðåìåíè 3.3.1. ìîæíî
óïîòðåáëÿòü âðåìÿ 3.3.2.: Soon (soon) I will be vodking.- Ñêîðî! Ñêîðî ÿ áóäó
ïèòü âîäêó!
3.3.3. Future Perfect (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííîå) Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè
ñîñòîÿíèÿ îïüÿíåíèÿ. Ïðèìåð: Tomorrow by 5 o"clock I will have vodked. - Çàâòðà
ê ïÿòè ÿ áóäó íàæðàìøèñü (÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò çàáûòü î ñâîèõ ïðîáëåìàõ ïîñëå ïÿòè).
3.3.4. Future Perfect Continuous (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííî-äëèòåëüíîå) Ïðèìåð: By
tomorrow morning I will have been vodking for a term.- Ê çàâòðàøíåìó óòðó, ÿ
áóäó ïèòü âîäêó ñåìåñòð.
Ìû íàäååìñÿ, ÷òî ýòî äîñòóïíîå èçëîæåíèå ñèñòåìû àíãëèéñêèõ âðåìåí, íàéäåò
îòêëèê â ñåðäöàõ ÷èòàòåëåé. Íå ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ óïîòðåáëÿòü ýòó ñèñòåìó â âûñøèõ è
ñðåäíèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèÿõ, òàê êàê áåç áóòûëêè òóò íå ðàçîáðàòüñÿ. Ãëàãîëà to
vodka â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå íå ñóùåñòâóåò, òàê ÷òî ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíåå ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ
ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèåì to drink vodka...
P.S. Õîòåëîñü áû ñäåëàòü ìàõîíüêîå äîïîëíåíèå: ñóùåñòâóåò åù¸ îäíî âðåìÿ Future
in the Past. Ïðèìåð: Would you vodka in the children garden? - Õîòåëè áû âû
èñïèâàòü áåëóþ â äåòñêîì ñàäó?
îðèãèíàë
http://english4u.dp.ua/forum/topic.php?id=79