, . .
Unix Commands
- at
at 5pm FriDAy
at 0815 tomorrow
at 8:15pm jan24
- awk
to add up fields:
awk '{ total += $2 } END {print total}' erdas.mk4tape
- crontab file format:
min hr day month day_of_week (0=Sun)
0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-6
- dd
To copy a dump format tape from one machine to another
sin at qws1 % foreach i ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 )
rsh server dd if=/dev/nrst9 ibs=126b | dd of=/dev/nrst10 obs=126b
- find
To find SUID and SGID files:
find . \( -perm -04000 -o -perm -2000 \) -ls
Find without descending into subdirs:
find . \( -type d ! -name . -prune \) -o \( -type f -name "xx*" \) -ok rm {} \;
- sar
To see today's CPU data between 11am and 4.30pm:
sar -s 11 -e 16:30 -u
sar options:
-u CPU (wait for IO)
-g page scan
-b buffer cache (hit ratio)
-p paging
-r mem and swap
-w swap
-d disk
-m msg/semaphore
-q run queue
-v process, inode & file descrip
-k kernel memory usage
- sed
delete all lines containing 'NFS'
sed -e /NFS/d sourcefile
print only lines starting with 'brian'
sed -n -e /^brian/p sourcefile
( NB this is the same as grep "^brian" sourcefile)
make horizontal cuts in large files:
sed -n -e '12700,$p' file > file.2
(this writes lines 12700 to end of file into file.2)
make a global string substitution:
sed -e 's/borg/mcenroe/g' file1 > file2
- sort
sort passwd file by UID :
sort -t: -k3n /etc/passwd
Combined alphabetic/dictionary (f) and numeric (n) sort:
sort -k2n -k1f fil2 (old syntax: sort +1n -0 +0f fil2 )
dfg 0
parm 3
Set 3
Tutu 3
tutu 3
Arch 17
ergeg 17
sdf 17
Tutu 17
tutu 17
sdfgg 240
5asdc 310
asdc 310
Dxp 310
- split
e.g. split a binary into 1.4MB chunks:
uuenode mybinary mybinary | split -b 1400k
and to re-join the bits :
cat xa? | uudecode
- tar
To copy a tree, preserving symlinks:
cd fromdir; tar cf - . | (cd todir; tar xvfBp -)
or, from one machine to another:
iws2# tar cf - /export/tools/imagine |dd bs=20b | rsh iws6 tar xvBfb - 20
or
tar cvfb - 20 /home/localdisk/SCTR9401_D01 | rsh iws5 tar xvBfb - 20
To install a tar file from a remote tape drive :
target% cd targetdirectory
target% rsh -n tapeserver dd if=/dev/rmt/0 bs=20b | tar xvBfb - 20
- tr
convert lower-case to upper:
cat file | tr [a-z] [A-Z]
change colons to newlines:
tr : "\n"
- vi
Editing multiple files (adding some text in this case)
foreach person (alc bar gri igu jeu bon tac lag wyn)
? echo Editing $person
? vi -c "/OPENWINHOME\
:r image/zxc" $person/.cshrc
? end
Miscellaneous vi commands:
:e! go to previous file
:e! undo all mods on this file
:args show list of files being edited
:rew 'rewind' back to first edited file
"f4yy yank 4 lines to buffer f
"fp put buffer f
:w %.new % is current filename
!3!sort run a Unix command on 3 lines
/Alan/;/tree/ find 'tree' after 'alan'
dwwP swap words
map z izxc^V<Esc> do an insert mapping macro on key z
Global replace:
:%s/old/new/g (% means all lines)
or
:g/old/s//new/g
OR
:g//s/old/new/gc (c is to confirm each replacement, type 'y' to accept)
- xauth
xauth list
xauth add noah:0 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 7fe87df87
Solaris commands
- adb
adb -P AdbPrompt -kw /dev/ksyms /dev/mem
- lpadmin
To add access to a printer 'psi' on a remote printserver :
lpadmin -p psi -s printserver
lpadmin -p psi -I any
accept psi
enable psi
- lpstat
Show complete configuration of a printer 'psi'
lpstat -p psi -D -l
- ndd
ndd /dev/hme ? -see what's available
ndd /dev/hme link_speed -read a value
ndd -set /dev/hme instance 1 -set a value
- patchadd
patchadd [-d] /tmp/105632-09 (-d means no backout)
- pkgchk
To list files contained in a SUNW package
pkgchk -l SUNWdoc|grep "Pathname:"|more
- prtconf -shows system configuration info
/usr/sbin/prtconf -vp ( -p shows PROM info )
- prtdiag -shows hardware info (CPU temperature, fans etc. on Enterprise machines)
/usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag -v
- psrinfo -shows CPUs' state: quick way to check how many CPUs a machine has
- showrev - show software versions installed
showrev -p ( -p shows patches installed )
Miscellaneous commands
To read man pages :
nroff -man lpstat.man | more -s
Check login history for a specific user:
last john
ac -w /var/adm/wtmp -d john
who /var/adm/wtmp
Pretty PostScript print:
mp -A4 -l file.txt | lp
or
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -n 2 file.txt | lp
ksh arithmetic (e.g. to print a sequence of numbers):
i=23
while [ $i -le 127 ]
do echo "$i \c"
i=$(($i+1))
done
kernel memory usage:
sar -k 1
crash then type kmastat
netstat -k | grep arena (on 2.6 or older only)
set file descriptor limits (in /etc/system):
set rlim_fd_cur=512
set rlim_fd_max=1024
NIS
To modify NIS ypservers list:
cd /var/yp/yourdomainname
/usr/etc/yp/makedbm -u ypservers > ypservers.tmp
vi ypservers.tmp
/usr/etc/yp/makedbm ypservers.tmp ypservers
/usr/etc/yp/yppush ypservers
How to pull NIS maps from master (SunOS)
for map in bootparams ethers.byaddr ethers.byname group.bygid group.byname hosts.byaddr hosts.byname mail.aliases mail.byaddr netgroup.byhost netgroup.byuser netgroup netid.byname netmasks.byaddr networks.byaddr networks.byname passwd.byname passwd.byuid protocols.byname protocols.bynumber publickey.byname rpc.bynumber services.byname timezone.byname ypservers
do
/usr/etc/yp/ypxfr -h bws3 $map
done
How to check domain/master etc (NIS)
/usr/etc/yp/yppoll -d weusc passwd.byuid
Domain weusc is supported.
Map passwd.byuid has order number 821988686.
The master server is bws3
NIS+
Set up NIS+ master server:
root@server2# nisserver -r -d weusc.org.
root@server2# nispopulate -F -p /etc -d weusc.org.
Set up NIS+ clients:
root@sws1# nisclient -i -d weusc.org. -h nis_server
and then reboot.
Setting up a NIS+ replica
set up replica as client first, then start rpc.nisd [-Y] (-Y for NIS compatibility)
then on master :
nisserver -R -d weusc.org. -h replica_hostname
Removing NIS+
change nsswitch.conf
then
/etc/init.d/rpc stop
rm /etc/.rootkey
rm /var/nis (/var/nis/data means a NIS+ server)
rm /etc/defaultdomain
/etc/init.d/rpc start
Adding NIS+ admins:
nisgrpadm -l admin
nisgrpadm -a admin rsincla
nisgrpadm -r admin jspence
Delete contents of a NIS+ table:
nistbladm -R services.org_dir.weusc.org.
Populate a single table: (in this case, populate services table from the file (-F) /etc/services:
nispopulate -F -p /etc -d weusc.org. -l rewopas2 services
MERGE the contents of a file with an existing table:
root@server# nisaddent -mv -f /etc/nis/services services
merging /etc/nis/services into table services.org_dir.weusc.org.
adding/updating internal4 51204/udp
adding/updating NC_trap1 51001/udp
adding/updating erdas-security 1530/tcp
...
Also useful:
nisping -C weusc.org.
niscat passwd.org_dir
Creating a new table (copied from/usr/lib/nis/nissetup):
server# nistbladm -D access=og=rmcd,nw=r -c automount_map key=S,nogw= value=,nogw= auto_direct.org_dir.weusc.org.
Adding new lines to auto_direct:
server# vi /etc/auto_direct
server# nispopulate -F -p /etc -d weusc.org. auto_direct
Networking
- Net boot e.g. boot linux on a Sun box
on server, create /tftpboot/redhat51.img and set up tftp, ethers, bootparams etc.
on client,
devalias linux net:159.167.93.23,redhat51.img,159.167.93.30,
server's IP client's IP
- snoop
snoop -x0 -p5 see all of packet 5
- spray
spray -l 1502 -c 100000 hostname
- TCP wrappers
# entries are of the form (use in conjunction with /etc/hosts.deny):
# ALL: hosta, hostb, .some.domain
# or
# in.ftpd, in.telnetd: ALL
# Take care with the quoted newline form. The \ must be the last
# character on the line. You don't need a \ on the last line of a
# block (ie. only after a comma)
in.telnetd: 192.168.67.,195.92.21.,\
192.168.7.
in.fingerd: ALL
in.ntalkd: LOCAL
DiskSuite
Mirroring root etc:
metainit -f d10 1 1 c0t0d0s0
metainit d20 1 1 c1t0d0s0
metainit d0 -m d10
.. and so on for /usr, /var etc.
metaroot d10 (changes vfstab for root only)
[lockfs -fa]
reboot
metattach d0 d20
Unmirroring
metastat d6 (make sure state is OK)
umount /opt
metadetach d6 d26
metaclear d26
metaclear -r d6
edit vfstab
Concatenating
umount /opt
metainit d15 2 1 c0t0d0s5 1 c0t1d0s5
mount /dev/md/dsk/d15 /opt
growfs -M /opt /dev/md/rdsk/d15
To add a third slice to /opt:
metattach d15 c0t10d0s6
and then growfs again
