kakula
18 ...
1008
- ( - 後一条天皇)
68- , 24 1016 15 1036 . . - , ( II) : Ҹ (10121017); (10171021); (10211024); (10241028); Ҹ (10281037). 21 1036 . : .. . : , 2010. 806 ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2; Isaac Titsingh. , = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris, 1834. 460 p.
1130
( - 朱熹, - Zhū Xī; , , )
, -, , , , , , , . ( ) . , - , , , , . , , () 21 , 1118. , , (1141): , . . ( ) , 18 ( 35 ). (11511158). , , , . 26 , . 33 , . , , , . , . 1158 1160 . ( -). 14 1178 . 117983 ( ), - ( ). , . . . 9 46 . 1195, , , () 33 (), - ( ).
, , . . . 80 , 2 . , , 140 , . 467 , . 21 . , . 1196 , , , , : . , . 1199, , , 1209 (), 1230 -- ( ), 1241 .
( ) 23 1200 .
; -. (300 ), 1000 . , , ( , ), , . , . : (, , ) . , , ( " "), , , , . -, , ( ) , , . , . ( ): , , , . . 1313 () ( ). XVI 1 XVII . ( ), . (16441911) . 1930- . ( ). , , . (朱子学, ), (15611619) . , 18671868. ( - 주자학). , XIII- XIV .: . (XIV .), . XVI . ( , . 理學 ). XIX , . XX : , . . , , . , , . , , . . , , . (語錄). , , -, , . , , , , , , . , . ( - 朱子語類, - 朱子语类, - Zhūzi yǔ lèi, - - ). , 1270 , , , . . . , 1700 , ( - 諸子文集, -诸子文集, - Zhū zǐ wénjí, - - ). . 1714 -, ( - 御纂朱子全書, - 御纂朱子全书, - Yù zuǎn zhūzi quánshū, - - ). , 66 . , . , - . , , , 70 % . , , ( - 近思錄, - 近思录, - Jìn sī lù, - ). , , , , . , , , . , , , . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , . : - ( [ ] ). 1-12. , 1970; - ( ). 1-8. , 1986; . . , , . / .. // . 1, 1. , 1969; . . (-. - / ..) // : -. , 1991; (): / .. ..; ..; ... : , 2002. 318 ( . II); De Harles Ch. (tr.). Tchou Hi. La Siao Hio, ou morale de la jeunesse. P., 1889; Bruce J.P. (tr.). The Philosophy of Human Nature by Chu Hsi. L., 1922; Graf O. (verdeut.) Tschu Hsi. Djin-si lu, die sungkonfuzianische Summa. Bd 1-3. Tokio, 19531954; Chan Wing-tsit (tr.). Reflections on Things at Hand: The Neo-Confucian Anthology Compiled by Chu His and Lü Tsu-ch`ien. N.Y., L., 1967; Gardner D.K. (tr.). Chu Hsi. Learning to be a Sage: Selections from the Conversations of Master Chu, Arranged Topically. Berk., 1990; Ebrey P.B. (tr.) Chu Hsi`s Family Rituals: A Twelfth Century Manual for the Performance of Cappings, Weddings, Funerals and Ancestral Rites. Princ., 1991; John Berthrong, Concerning CreativityA Comparison Of Chu Hsi, Whitehead, And Neville. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998. 254 p. ISBN 0-7914-3944-5. : .. . , 1978, 429498; .. . (IXIII .). , 1995, 306323; .. .// . 1. , 1972; .. // : (, , ). , 1978; . , 1989, 332349; .. . , 2002, ; .. // . . , 1982. 126-148; .. // . . , 1982. 111-125; , .. . - (10361101) (11301200) // , . : , 1982. 206316; , .. // : / .., ... -: 1999. 3842; .. () // . . I.: . , 1991. 302-319; , .. . . / ... -: , 1998. ISBN 5-8071-0010-7 XX. ; -. - ( []). , 1986; . - - - ( [] ) // - . 7 1984, 261285; - ( ). 1-9. , 1974-1775; -. - ( [] ). , 1983; . - ( []). 1-5. , 1971; -. ( ). , 1981; . ( ). , 1987; Adler J.A. The Inter-penetration of Stillness and Activity in Chu Hsi`s Appropriation of Chou Tun-i // Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting. Bost., 1999; Angle S.C. The Possibility of Sagehood: Reverence and Ethical Perfection in Zhu Xi`s Thought // JCP, 25 (3), 09.1998, p. 281303; D. Bodde. Philosophy of Chu Hsi, Camb., 1942; Bruce J.P. Chu His and His Masters. L., 1923; Chan Wing-tsit. Chu Hsi: Life and Thought. Hong Kong, 1986; Chan Wing-tsit. Chu Hsi: New Studies. Honolulu, 1989; Ch`eng Chung-ying. New Dimensions of Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy. Albany, 1991; Ching J. The Reli-gious Thought of Chu Hsi. N.Y., 2000; Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism. Honolulu, 1988; De Bary W.T. Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy and the Learning of the Mind-and-Heart. N.J., 1981; Gardner D.K. Chu Hsi and the Ta-hsueh: Neo-Confucian Reflection on the Confucian Canon. Camb. (Mass.), 1986; Kim Yung Sik. The Natural Philosophy of Chu Hsi (11301200). Phil., 2000; Le Gall S. Le philosophe Tchou Hi, sa doctrine, son influence. Chang-hai. 1894; Munro D.J. Images of Human Nature: A Sung Portrait. Princ., 1988; Sargent G.E. Tchou Hi contre le Bouddhisme. P., 1955; Tillman H.C. Utilitarian Confucianism: Ch`en Liang`s Challenge to Chu Hsi. Camb. (Mass.), 1982; Tillman H.C. Confucian Discourse and Chu Hsis Ascendancy (1992).
1353
, 3- (Ralph de Greystoke, 3rd Baron Greystoke)
. (-, ) , 2- , . , , , , . -, . , ; , , , 5- . , . 28 1375 5 1417 . 1384 , . , ; , , . , , . , , 1- . - 1402 . 1390- , II, , III. 1399 , , II , , IV. 6 1418 . , , , , . , . , , : . ( 13901436) ; , , 2- , , ; , , . , ; , , 5- ; , , 1461 - . : Wm. E. Baumgaertner. Squires, Knights, Barons, Kings: War and Politics in Fifteenth Century England. Trafford Publishing, 2010. 504 p. ISBN 1426907699, 9781426907692; Burke, John. A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance. England. H. Colburn & R. Bentley, 1831. 631 p; Dockray, Keith. Greystoke family / Ralph (II) Greystoke, third Baron Greystoke (13531418) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2004; Dodd, Gwilym; Biggs, Douglas. Henry IV: The Establishment of the Regime, 1399-1406. York Medieval Press, 2003. 210 p. ISBN 1903153123, 9781903153123; Jefferson, Samuel. The history and antiquities of Leath Ward: in the county of Cumberland: with biographical notices and memoirs. S. Jefferson, 1840. 515 p; Kirby, John Lavan; Stevenson, Janet H. Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and Other Analogous Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office: Henry V. H.M. Stationery Office (Great Britain. Public Record Office), 1904. 462 p. ISBN 0851158994, 9780851158990; Perry, David R.; Blackburn, Mark A. S. Castle Park, Dunbar: Two Thousand Years on a Fortified Headland, 4. Society Antiquaries Scotland, 2000. 338 p. ISBN 0903903164, 9780903903165; Richardson, Douglas. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families / ed. Everingham, Kimball G.. London: Salt Lake City, 2011. . IV. ISBN 1460992709; Summerson, Henry. Clifford, Roger, fifth Baron Clifford // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2004.

1405
II (Pius PP. II, , Enea Silvio Piccolomini)
19 1458 14 1464. . ( ) 18 1405. 24 1405, : , , , . , . 18 . : 60 , . , , Codex Reginensis (). . , , , . 1430 , , , , III. 26 ; III, . V ; . . 40 IV, , . 1458 . (, I, 378): Sum pius Aeneas ( , ). , II . , , , . , . Ÿ , . II , . . II . , . , , . , , 14 1464 . ---. : Opera... Basileae, 1571; Briefwechsel..., (Bd 14), ., 19091918. : Voigt G., Enea Silvio aIs Papst Pius II, Bd 13, ., 18561863; Paparelli G., E. S. Piccolomini, Bari, 1950; Mitchell R. J., The laurels and the tiara, Pope Pius II, N. Y., 1963.
1444
(John de Mowbray)
, . 1- 1451 , 4- , 7- , 5- , 11- 10- , - 1461 . , 3- , . . 1451 , . 1461 , , , - . 4- (1469 ), . 1472 . 14 1476 32 , . , , 1- , . , , . 9 , , , 1- . : .. . : : , , 2007. 637 ( ). ISBN 978-5-17-042765-9.

1547
( - Justus Lipsius, - Joost Lips)
- , , , , , . XVI . , , , . . ˸ . , 1575 , . , ˸. , , . , , , .
, , , , . (1584) (1589). , , , , , . , , . , , . . , . 1589 , .
, . ˸ 24 1606 . (Justus Lipsius building), . . : De constantia in publicis malis ( , 1584); Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam ( ); Physiologia Stoicorum ( ); De constantia ( ); Politica (); Politicorum sive Civilis doctrinae libri sex (, 1589); De cruce ( ); Diva Virgo Lovaniensis ( ).
1567
( ; - Jakob Fugger)
, 1604 1626 . . . , , . , 1587 , 1592 . 1599/1600 , , 1604 , , -, XIII . , . , . 1613 - , 1624 , , ; . , , . 14 1626 ( ), . : Frey, Herbert: Fugger, Johann Jakob // Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS). Band 5. Basel, 2006. ISBN 978-3-7965-1905-5; Holl, Konstantin: Fürstbischof Jacob Fugger von Konstanz (16041626) und die katholische Reform der Diözese im ersten Viertel des 17. Jahrhunderts. Freiburg i. Br., 1898. ( ); Rieckenberg, Hans Jürgen: Fugger, Jakob // Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 5. Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 1961. ISBN 3-428-00186-9, S. 719 f. ( )
1569
( - Giambattista Marino)
. . , , , . . , . . . . , . . 1609 . 81 (1619). 1615 . , XIII 2 , , , 1623 , , . , , , . . Rime 1602 . (1608-14) (1620). 1619 , . (1616). (1605). ( ), . (1626) ( 1956) , . . , , , . XVII . (1614). , (1632). , , , . , . 25 1625 . : Poesie prosa, Mil., 1930; , : - XVII , .., 2- , , 1949. : .. .., XVII , , 1958; ., , 2, , 1964; Flora ., Storia della letteratura italiana, v. 3, Mil., 1940.
1580
() ( - 松平忠吉,)
- , - (15921600), - (16001601) - (16001607). ( ). (15431616), (16031605). - ( ) (15521589). (15551600), (15751600). . 1592 ( ) 100 000 . 1600 , . , . - -. 1600 ( ) 240 000 . 1 1607 26- . (16071610). : . : һ, 2008. 32. ISBN 978-5-17-040815-3.
1611
( - Valentin Strobel)
. . 1669 .

1616
(Nicholas Culpeper)
, , (1653), . , , , , , . , . , , , , , , . 10 1654 .
1619
- ( - Jean Armand de Maillé)
, , , 27 , . - Milly-le-Meugon. , , . - 1638 , . , 1639 . 22 1640 , , 36 , 5. ; , 1642 . 29 , , , 1 . 2 , 2 . . , , , - . , 9 1643 6 , 3 , .
1645 . 20 1646 36 , 20 18 , 6 000 , , - . 14 , ; , . . : , , // , . - ; [] : .., 1911. 60. ( : [ 18 ] / .. [ .] ; 19111915, . 5).

1632
( - Luca Giordano)
() . Fa presto ( ). . , . ( , -; , ; ), - , - . , . , - , (, ..), (-, ). , , , . ( 1650-), (1652, 1665-1667), (1652-, 1665-1667, , . , . ( . tenebroso), , , , , , , ( - , 1682). ( . ; , , ) (); (, ..) , , . , , . , , (1682-1692), , 16 ., . (1704, , ), , . , , , . 17-18 ., , . 3 1705 . : , , , , , , , , " ", " ", " ", " ".
1654
- ( - Johann Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach)
16671686 . - -. II -, -, . 1667 , . - . 1672 -. , . , , , , , . 22 1686 . 5 1672 (16511680), VI -. : (16741676); (16751692), -; (16761731), - (16651736); II (16781703), -; (16791680). 4 1681 - (16621696), I -. : (16831737), II; (1685); (16861723), -, - (16941729). : M.Spindler, A.Kraus: Geschichte Frankens bis zum Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts, München 1997. ISBN 3-406-39451-5.
1659
( - Nicolo Amenta)
. . 7 , (1699), (1700), (1708). 17 ., ( . . .), , , . , . , , , . , . . 25 1719 .