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Azara_Félix_de_1746-1821 (414x700, 313Kb)
1742
( - Flix de Azara)
. , , . , , . , , . 1781 , 1801 . , ( ), , 1801 Essai sur lhistoire naturelle des quadrupdes du Paraguay. () 20 1821 .
00Museu_martorell_1 (466x700, 59Kb)
.
1802 Apuntamientos para la Historia natural de los cuadrpedos del Paraguay y Ro de la Plata. Voyage dans lAmrique mridionale (4 , , 1809) , , , Akodon azarae Synallaxis azarae; , .

 (485x699, 101Kb)
1742

, , - . , , . . 1754 , 1756 1761 . 1771 . 26 1771 . . . 1775 - . . II - ( 1774 . ). - . - , , . ( ), . , , . , , . 28 1777 -, 1779 . 1782 . 1785 - . 1790 . 1795 1796 . - -. I , , . , , I (5 1797 ) 2000 . 1796 15 1797 () - ( () ). . . 1 1797 - . 15 1797 . . , , . 1814 ., .

1744
( ; Johann Joseph Behr; Jan Josef Beer)
- . , , . , ( ) . , , -. . 17621779 . . 1771 . , . , , . , , ( , ). 17821791 . - - II. 1792 . . XVIII II, - , (). 1800- . XIX . . , . , , . op 11, op 16 (1797) op 20 (1800) , , . , (4 1791) . 1811 .

1767
- ( - Joseph Franz Appel)
. . (- , ), . 1787 . , . 5 1834 : Repertorium zur Mnzkunde des Mittelalters und der neueren Zeit. Wien, Pest, 1820/29; Mnz- und Medaillensammlung, von ihm selbst nach seinem eigenen neuen System geordnet und beschriegen. 2 Bde. Wien, 18051808; Skizze einer Sammlung smmtlicher Medaillen, welche unter der Regierung Sr. . . Frant I. von sterreich geprgt worden sind. Wien, 1822. : / [: ., ., .] / .. / ... 2- , : , 1993. ISBN 5-256-00317-8; Grffer F. Oesterreichische National-Encyklopdie, oder, Alphabetische Darlegung der wissenswrdigsten Eigenthmlichkeiten des sterreichischen Kaiserthumes, 1835, S. 97; sterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 18151950. Band 1.- Wien: Verlag der sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1957, S. 26.

1774
( - Gaetano Rossi)
. . 1797 , . (1810), (1813) ( -, 1823[1]), (1824), (1841) (1842). , , , , , , , , . . 25 1855 .

John_George_Children (557x700, 366Kb)
1777
(John George Children)
, . (). (17421818) . , 1794 , , 1798 - . , , . , . 1807 . 1813 . 1815 . 1816 . . 1823 1840 . Zoological Journal, 1825 . 1826 1827 1830 1837 , 1837 1839 -. 1833 1838 1844 - . . () 1 1852 . . : Ray Desmond: Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists. Including Plant Collectors, Flower Painters, and Garden Designers. Taylor & Francis u. a., London 1994, ISBN 0-85066-843-3, S. 145; Biography. In: Charles Knight: The English cyclopaedia. A new dictionary of universal knowledge Biography. 7 Bnde. Bradbury, Agnew & Co, London 18561872.

 (539x699, 86Kb)
1778
(Andrew Ure)
. (). . 1804 1830 (Anderson's College) . 1830 , -. (Dictionary of Chemistry, 1821), . 1834 , . . , - . , (Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1853). . , : " " (1835) " ..." (2 , 1836). , , ., " " (. ., , 2- , 23, 308); , , , . , , , " ", . . . . " " 1- "", " ". 2 1857 . : (1835); (1836) Account of the Cotton Industry. (1836) ; (1821) Dictionary of Chemistry; (1829) A New System of Geology; (1835) The Philosophy of Manufactures, or an Exposition of the Scientific, Moral and Commercial Economy of the Factory System of Great Britain; (1837) A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines. 1870. Vol. 1 of 2.

F.Opochin_by_Hau (576x700, 332Kb)
1779
Ը
, - . .., .., . 1808 , . 1838 . - . - , , Ը . , 24 1784 , .. - ; , (28 1786 ), (16 1786 ), (6 1789 ), - (21 1796 ), (16 1797 ) (8 1798 ). 19 1800 , , , ; 28 - ( ). 14 1801 - 1 1802 . 1805 30 1807 4- ( 674 1644 ) , 20 . 1807 , 2 . 3- 12 , 12 Pour le Mrite. : 30 12 1809 . , . 28 1809 . 1810 , 16 -; 27 1811 2- . . .. : , , , , . , , - . , , , , . 9 1811 . , 1 1813 , 14 1819 ., ; 9 1823 . 26 1813 . 1- ( 22 1826 ) 17 1817 . 2- . 18 1826 . : , , 1827 . . 1828 . . 25 1833 . 18 - . -. 1847 . 2 1838 (23 ) - , - ; 3 1840 . - ; 1843 . ( ) -; -. , . 29 1838 , - 19 1841 . ( 25 1844 ) 5 1- . 1 1846 . 21 . 5 1850 . 1851 . 20 1852 , - -. : 4- (1807), Pour le Mrite () (1807), 2- (1811), 1- (1813), 2- (1817), (1838), (1841), 1- (1841), (1850). 14 1807 (17881854), . 27 1829 . 2- . : (18081848), , -, .., (18251897). Ը, ; (18441870) ..; ..; (18141868), , - ... , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . ; (18171863), , ... : .., .. . 2. -, 1887; , // : 25 . - ,18961918; .., .. . (17691869). -, 1869; .. . , 2004; .., .. . 18011906: . -, 2007.

1781

, - . . , 1799 . . 1803 - 1806 . , "", . , 1806 . . 1809 ., ; . 10 , 1821 . -. , -, ; 1823 . , (1827) , , , 6 1830 . . . , (): " " (1807) " " (1808). , , , " ", ( ). -, " "; , , . - 1821 : , , , . , , : " , " (1821) - , ; " " (2 , 1821 - 1823); " " (1822); " " (1823); " " (1823); " I" (4 , 1830); " " (4 , 1831 - 1834) , , " " " " (4 , 1831 - 1826). , , . . -- 21 1834 .

 (692x699, 196Kb)
1788
(Hugh Clapperton)
. . , , . . , - , 1808 . . . 1820 , . , , , . - , , , , . 1822 , , . 1823 . - . . (XIX .). . , , , . 14 1823 , , , . , , , , - , . ( ), . , . , . 11 , - , - , . , , . , , . , 12 1824 , , , . , . . : - , , ; , ; ( ) - , ; , , ; , . , , , 20 1824 . ( ). - . 23 - , . 3 . , , 8 , . , , - . , , . , . , , , , , , . , , , - , , , , . 26 1825 , , , . , , . , , , . (XIX .). . , , , , . 29 1825 , , , , , , . - . . , , , - , . , . . 24 7 1826 . , , , . , , . , . , , - . -, . , , . . 19 , , . , , . , , , . 12 1828 , . . , 21- . , . . , 13 1827 . Barron (, 1826 1829); Landers, Records of C. last expedition to Africa (, 18291830). 11 , , , -. , , . , , . 12 , . , , . , , , . , , , , . , -, . , . . , , . , , . , . , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , . , , . . - () . , - , , . . , , . . , , , , . : , , . : Hugh Clapperton: into the Interior of Africa is published by Brill Publishing: Difficult and Dangerous Roads is published by Eland Books; Clapperton in Borno: journals of the travels in Borno of Lieutenant Hugh Clapperton, RN, from January 1823 to September 1824 - published by Koeppe, 1996, 239 pp. : Dixon Denham: Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa in the Years 1822, 1823 and 1824 by Major Denham, Captain Clapperton and the late Dr. Oudney (1826); Lander - Records of Captain Clapperton's Last Expedition to Africa, I - II volumes, London, 1830; Margery Perham and J. Simmons: African Discovery ; an Anthology of Exploration, Faber and Faber, London (1942).

Luetzow (533x700, 261Kb)
1782
( - Adolf Wilhelm Freiherr von Ltzow)
, , , . . , , . . . 1814 , . 16 1815 6- , , . . 6 1834 . , . .

1784
( - Jan nigurski)
, . ( , ). 1800 . , . 1808 . , 1816 . . 1818 ., - . , , . , . , 1829 . ( , ) , . , , . - . 1829 , . - 1829 . 1829 . , , , , . , , . . , - , . , 1837 . - . , , , -, , . , , . , . , . , . 4 1847 . : . ; . , ; .. .

John_Wilson_by_Sir_John_Watson-Gordon (539x700, 210Kb)
1785
(John Wilson)
, , , , , , Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. , , , ; , . , , , , . 1803 . , Old North and Young North, . , , , , , - - , . 1807 , , - . , , ( , , , , , ), ; , The Isle of Palms, 1812 . . 1811 , , , , , , , , . , . , ; , . 1815 , - , 1816 , The City of the Plague. 1817 , Blackwoods Magazine, Chaldee Manuscript ( ) Edinburgh Review, . Blackwoods, , ( ), . 1822 Noctes Ambrosianae, 1825 . , -, . , , , , , , , , . , , . Blackwoods , Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life (1822), The Trials of Margaret Lyndsay (1823) The Foresters (1825); , . , 1819 -, , . , , (1820 ). , , , , , , , . , : , , , , - . , , , - , , , , , , , . , Blackwoods , (1834) . 1825 1835 . . , , - 1832 . 1837 , , . , , , , , , , . 1850 , . 3 1854 . ; , Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life The Recreations of Christopher North (1842), . , Noctes Ambrosianae , , , , .

carl-ludwig-christian-rumker (495x700, 192Kb)
1788
( - Carl Ludwig Christian Rmker)
. .... -. () , . ; . 1817 ; ( - Handbuch der Schiffahrtskunde; 1820), . . 7385 , . Brisbane Catalogue, 1835 .
Mons_Rümker_Apollo_15 (690x700, 330Kb)
.
1831 . Mittlere Oerter von 12000 Fixsternen fr 1836 Astronomische Nachrichten. , , 21 1862 . , -- (1832 1900).


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