kakula
4 ...

1772
( )
() . . . : ( ) , . , . , . - (13 ) . 13 (), . . , . , . 1798 , , - . 1800 , . . . . . ( ), . . . () , . 1810 . , , , . , , . 16 1810 . . , . . , , , . . , . , , , , , , , . , , , . , . : . . . , . , , .
, , -. 1920- ., 1980-. 1991 . - , , . 1993 . , . , . 1996 . . . , 6000 . , - , . , , . , 2008 . () . 1990- . , , 12-15 . 2000- , , 20-25 -. : , . , , . , , , , . . ! - - ... , ! . - . . : ; ( ); ( ); ( ). . , Breslov Research Institute. . 2006 . ( ), 1806 . 200 . , . (2003) . : , , --; . ; . . -: , 1992. ISBN 5-87180-009-2; . . . : /, 2007. ISBN 978-965-7382-10-3. : , . : 19762005; 100 .

1773
- ( - Grard tienne-Maurice)
, , . - (17 1830). , 1791 . 1812 , . 1813 ; 1814 - . 1815 , 4- , (18 ). 1822 , . . 1831 , ; 1832 , . 17 1852 . . : (. baron Grard et de l'Empire; 19 1808 , 3 1809 ); (. comte Grard et de l'Empire; 21 1813 ). : , -, // . - ; [] : .., 1912. 384. ( : [ 18 ] / .. [ .] ; . 10); , // : 86 (82 4 ). -, 18901907.
1774
( - Izydor Weiss, - Izidorius Veisas)
- , ; . . , . . , . () 1805 . . . . spaustuv ir parduotuv. 1810 (Joseph Saunders). . . 20 1821 . . . , , . 18141815 , . (1820). Dziennik Wileski (1805) , , . Nauka prawa przyrodzonego, politycznego, ekonomiki polityczney i prawa narodw (1805) . , , (-, 1809) , 1807 . (Ustawy Towarzystwa dobroczynnoci, 1808) . : Stanisaw Szymaski. Davide e Izidoro Weiss incisori. Trento, 1976; Audron Kasperaviien, Jerzy Surwio. Przechadzki po Wilnie. Zarzecze. Cmentarz Bernardyski. Wilno: Efekt, 1997. S. 91.
1775
( - Georg Emanuel Opitz)
, . . , . 1789 , , 1793 , ( ). 1798 , . 1800 , 1803 , . 1805 , . 1814 , , , . 18141815 , 1817 : , 18191830 . 1820 ; 1820- , , . . 1807 , . , I. 12 1841 , : , // : 86 (82 4 ). -, 18901907.

1780
(Edward Hicks)
, -. ( ; Attleboro, now Langhorne), , . . . 18 , . (Matron Elizabeth Twining), . , . 13 (William and Henry Tomlison). 7 . . , . , . - , , . 3 . . 1803 (Sarah Worstall). (Milford). . 1812 ( ). 1813 (Philadelphia) . . . , , . . , . . , . , . , . 1816 5 . : , (John Comly), . . . - -. . . . 23 1849 (Newtown). 1851 - Memoirs of the Life and Religious Labors of Edward Hicks. 1960 Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Collection (Williamsburg).

1785
( - Bettina von Arnim; - Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano)
. --. , . . 1793 . 13 . 1797 --, . Ÿ , . 1810 . 1811 , . 1831 . : , , . : (18121863); (18131890); (18151883); (18171835); (18181894); (18201880); (18271889). . . (1843), . . 1848 1852 , . . 1842 , , . 1854 , .
. 20 1859 . 1985 200- , . . . , . 1836 , . . , . , -, , , . 1840 , , ø , . . -и ø. 1806 ø, ø. . ø , , ø ø .

1985 .
1811 ø - , ø . ø . , . ø . -, ø , . ø . (Nesmrtelnost / Immortality) (1990). : . . . , 1991 . 312 . ISBN 5-05-002548-6; Hildegard Baumgart. Bettine Brentano und Achim von Arnim. Lehrjahre einer Liebe. Berlin Verlag, Berlin 1999. ISBN 3-8270-0271-0; Konstanze Bumer/Hartwig Schultz: Bettina von Arnim. Saint Albin, Berlin, 2004 ISBN 3-930293-49-8; Gisela Dischner. Bettina von Arnim. Eine weibliche Sozialbiografie des 19. Jahrhunderts. Wagenbach, Berlin, 1981 ISBN 3-8031-2030-6.
1792
( - )
18391875 , - . , ( ). . : (17901876), (17931845), (17951877), (17961883), (18001878), (18021862), (18051882), (18061887). , , , . . , , . 1800 , 1809 3- . , , . 18- 38- - , , , (17761810), .., , . 29 1810 . . : ( ), ( ). , , , . , , . 1827 -.
.., 1840-.
1838 . I . . .., , . . , , 21 1839 , 6 000 , ..; 23 1839 . . 6 7 , , , , , , , . , , , . , . , . , , . , , . , . . : , 70- . , , . 1863 , ; 5 1864 -. .. : : , , , ; . , . : , . 1870 , . , .., , , , , , , , . , . , , , ... .., , 1839 . 1873 .. . 20 1874 .. , , , , . , , , , 36- , . 50 ; .. . .
..:
22 1874 ,
, . . , . . . , , , . , , , . . , . . 85 . , . , , .
(11 1812 18..), 1828 , , 1830 , , 1833 , , . , : (4 1853 21 1864), Ը ..; (10 1857?), Ը II. : , // : 25 . -, 18961918; .. - . , 1895. 71 .

1792
(Thaddeus Stevens)
. . , . , . - 1812 . , . , . , . . 1848 . , 1850 , . . . 1849-1853 . 1859 . . . 1861-1865 . . , . . 15- , , , , . , , . , . 11 1868 .
1792
(Thomas John Hussey)
-. , . ( 1799 ) . - , 1835, (Hayes), ( ). 18431845. -, , 170- ., c 7- (2,1 ) ., 9,3- - , . , . ., ., ., . , ., . . , , , 1831. , 22 1835. 1847 . , . , . , , . . , , . 1834 .. ( ), : , , , ; . , . , , . , , , . , . , , , . , , , , . : . , . , , . , , [ ]. 84 , . 1846 .. ..., , , , 1831. 1838. 1854 . . . : .., .., .. . . : , 1977.
1800
( - )
. 9- -. , . , !. ( -) ( -). ( - , ). , . - . . 1829 , , -. . , . , , , , . , , , . Ѹ , -. 1844 , . , . 1845 , , 1849 -. 1853 , , , - . , . 1857 , , . 1858 , - , 14- , , . . - , . , , . 29 1860 . : .. : . : -, 1997; Beasley, W.G. Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868. London: Oxford University Press, 1955; Lambeti, Matthew V. A political study of Tokugawa Nariaki of Mito, 1800-1860. New York: Columbia University, 1968.

1803
2 , , , . -. (1812) ( 1822), ., 551 , - . , 30 1813, , 1814, 1816 1817 , 9 1818, 1818 - 2 " ", 1821 .. ( ), 21 1824, 1825 . (1825), . 17 1825 " " (" "). VIII 10 1826 , 20 22 1826. 29 1826 (: 2 8 , " , , , , -, , "), , 1832 : " , ", - .. , 25 1833, . , 14 4 29 () 16 1833, 1 25 1833, - 15 1837, 15 1840, 6 1840, 12 842, 26 1843 , , , , . . 1848 . (1826): , 6 ; , ; , 1826 .

1804
(Nicola Fabrizi)
, , . 31 1885 .
1809
, ( 1863-1871 .), , . ( ) . 6800 . 1826 . . , . 1832 , , . 1848 . , , , . 1861 . 1862 , 1863 . 1871 . , . , , 1861 , .. , , , , 1864 . , , . .., , I II , III IV , I, II, III , . .. , , , , , , , , , . 1870 .. . . 1871 . . - . 1880 .

1809
(Benjamin Peirce)
, (1863). ; (1872) , . ( ). , . ( ) 6 1880 .

1809
( ; - Juliusz Sowacki)
; . , , ( , ). (17721814), . ( ) . , ( , , , , , ) . 1828 . 1829 . 1830 , . 1830 . , . 18331835 , 1838 , , , , . . 1842 (Koo Sprawy Boej). 3 1849 . . 1927 . , . . , , , (1827), . 1830 (Hugo), (Jan Bielecki) (1830). . 1829 . (Poezji, 2 , 1832). , ( (Hymn), 1836, 1839; , 18391840, ). 1831 , . . .

.

,
: (Maria Stuart, 1830); , (Mindowe, 1831); (Kordian, 1834); (Balladyna, 1834; 1839); (Horsztyski, 1835; 1881); (Lilla Weneda, 1839); (Mazepa, 1839); (Sen srebrny Salomei, 1843); (Fantazy, 1841; 18451846); (Ksidz Marek, 1843). : (Anhelii, 1838; ). : (W Szwajcarii, 18351836; 1839); (1833); (Ojciec zadumionych) (1839); (Wacaw) (1839); (Beniowski, 18401841; , 1841, 1973); - (Krl-Duch, ). , -, . .. ( , 1874, 7), .. ( , 1880, 3), ; . ( , 1888, 10). XIX XX .. ( , , - ), .. . ., ., ., . . : . , 1952; . , 1960; . , 1966; . . , 1975. : .. . , 1959; Juliusz Kleiner. Sowacki. Dzieje twrczoci, t. 14, Lw. Warsz. Kr., 19241928; Kalendarz ycia i twrczoci J. Sowackiego. Wr., 1960; Sowacki Juliusz // May sownik pisarzy polskich. Warszawa: Wiedza powszechna, 1966. . I. . 156158. 208 . ( ).
1818
-. 1836 . .. ... 1837 - , 1838 ( 1840 ). 18401843 , , . 1856 , 1861 . 1842 . . BeSO4; BeSO44H2O; 12; l242; K2SO4 BeSO42H2O; 2KFBeF2, a , . , ., . .. , . 1839 , , . 10 1865 . : , " ", 1842, 3, 9, 361391; , , 1839, 2, 6; . , , 1839, 4, 11. : , 6. , , 1955, 110124 ( .., .. ..).

1818
(Thomas Mayne Reid)
, , . (), , (Rev. Thomas Mayne Reid Sr). 1840 . 18461848 . 1849 , . , , 1850 (The Rifle Rangers), . 1853 , . (G.W.Hyde), (Elizabeth Hyde). , . . 1865 (The Headless Horseman). 1867 -, Onward Magazine. , . 1870 , . , (St. Luke) . , 22 1870 , . , . , . , . : . 22 1883 (Kensal Green Cemetery). , , XX . . , . , (-, : ). , . , , , . - Thomas Mayne Reid . . , . , . : , / War Life; or, The Adventures of a Light Infantry Officers (1849); / The Rifle Rangers (1850); / The Scalp Hunters (1851); / The Desert Home (1852); / The Boy Hunters (1853); / The Young Voyageurs (1854); / The Forest Exiles (1854); / The Hunter's Feast (1855); / The White Chief (1855); , / The Bush Boys; or, The History and Adventures of a Cape Farmer and His Family in the Wild Karoos of Southern Africa (1855) ? / Wild life : or, Adventures on the frontier : a tale of the early days of the Texas republic (1856); , / The Young Yagers; or, A Narrative of Hunting Adventures in Southern Africa (1856); / The Quadroon (1856); / The War Trail; or, The Hunt of the Wild Horse (1857); / The Plant Hunters (1858); / Ran Away to Sea: An Autobiography for Boys (1858); , / Osceola (1859); / The Boy Tar (1859); : / Odd People: Being a Popular Description of Singular Races of Men (1860); ? / The Wood Rangers (1860); / The Wild Huntress (1861); / Despard the Sportsman (1861); / Bruin (1861); / in Spite of Himself (1861); / The Maroon (1862); / Croquet (1863); / The Cliff Climbers (1864); / The Ocean Waifs (1864); / The White Gauntlet (1864); / The Boy Slaves (1865); / The Headless Horseman; A Strange Tale of Texas (1865); , / The Bandolero: or, A Marriage Among ihe Mountains (1866); / Afloat in the Forest (1866); , : / Quadrupeds, What They Are, and Where Found: A Book of Zoology for Boys (1867); / The Giraffe Hunters (1867); / The Guerilla Chief and Other Tales (1867); - / The Child Wife (1868); / The Planter Pirate: A Souvenir of the Mississippi (1868); , / The Helpless Hand; or, Backwoods Retribution (1868); / The Yellow Chief: A Romance of the Rocky Mountains (1868); / The White Squaw (1869); , / The Castaways: A Story of Adventure in the Wilds of Borneo (1870); / The Lone Ranche; A Tale of the Staked Plain (1871); / The Finger of Fate (1872); , . / The Cuban Patriot; or, The Beautiful Creole. An Episode of the Cuban Revolution (1873); / The Death Shot; A Romance of Forest and Prairie (1873); / The Flag of Distress: A Story of the South Seas (1876); : / Gwen Wynn: A Romance of the Wye (1877); / The Wild-Horse Hunters (1877); / Gaspar the Gaucho: A Tale of the Gran Chaco (1879); / The Captain of the Rifles; or, The Queen of the Lakes (1879); / The Free Lances (1881); / The Chase of Leviathan (1881); / The Lost Mountain (1882); / The Vee-Boers: A Tale of Adventure in Southern Africa (1883); / The Land of Fire (1884); / The Pierced Heart and Other Stories (1885); - / Trapped in a Tree and Other Stories (?); / ??? (?); ! / No Quarter! (1888); / The Naturalist in Siluria (1889); / Popular Adventure Tales (1890).