Ïî ñîâåòó

maxbritov ÿ ïîäíÿë â ñåòêå DNS. Ïðè÷¸ì DNS ìíå íóæåí èìåííî äëÿ ëîêàëüíûõ àäðåñîâ. Èáî èíîãäà óæå ïðèõîäèòñÿ ëàçèòü â HOSTS íà ðàáî÷èõ ñòàíöèÿõ. À ýòî óæå íå õîðîøî.
Òåõíè÷åñêèå äåòàëè, êîíôèãè äóìàþ èíòåðåñóþò íå î÷åíü ìíîãèõ, ïîýòîìó óáåðó ïîäêàò.
Íî óáðàâ DNS ÿ õî÷ó ïîéòè äàëüøå è îòêàçàòüñÿ îò NetBIOS âîîáùå. È òóò ÿ ïîëó÷àþ ïðîáëåìó, ìàøèíà ñ îòêëþ÷åííûì íåòáèîñîì íå ìîæåò ïîäêëþ÷èòüñÿ ê øàðå. Äàæå íå ïûòàåòñÿ. Åñëè âêëþ÷åí âåá-êëèåíò - òî ïîíà÷àëó ïûòàåòñÿ çàëåçòü íà 80-ïîðò. Åñëè âåá-êëèåíò îòêëþ÷èòü - òî íå ëåçåò âîîáùå íèêóäà. (((
Òàê è áóäó ïîêà æèòü.
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Òèïà ââåäåíèÿ
Çäåñü ÿ âûêëàäûâàþ ñâî¸ Ìèíè-HOWTO êàê ïîäíÿòü DNS íà Fedora äëÿ ëîêàëêè.
Òåìà íå òî ÷òîáû àðõè-ñëîæíàÿ, íî èìåííî â òàêîé ïîñòàíîâêå ÿ â ñåòè íè÷åãî íå íàø¸ë.
Ïèøó ýòî áîëüøå êàê ïàìÿòêó äëÿ ñåáÿ. Èëè äëÿ ìîëîäûõ çåë¸íûõ ñèñàäìèíîâ )).
Êîðî÷å êîìó ïðèãîäèòñÿ - òîìó è ïèøó ))))
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DNS. Íàñòðîéêà PRIMARY
Ñíà÷àëà óñòàíàâëèâàåì bind
yum install bind
Ãëàâíûé íàñòðîå÷íûé ôàéë /etc/named.conf êàê áóäòî íå äîëæåí ðåäàêòèðîâàòüñÿ âðó÷íóþ, íî ÿ íå óäåðæàëñÿ è èçìåíèë òàì äîñòóïû. Ïî-óìîë÷àíèþ òàì ñòîèò localhost.
allow-query { any; };
Åù¸, ÷òîáû ïðîêàòûâàëè êðèâûå íàçâàíèÿ êîìïüþòåðîâ, äîáàâèë ñòðî÷êó:
check-names master ignore;
Íàñòðîéêà ïðÿìîé çîíû
Ïðÿìàÿ çîíà íóæíà äëÿ ðàçðåøåíèÿ èì¸í â IP.
Ïîñêîëüêó DNS ìîæåò ðàáîòàòü ìàñòåðîì òîëüêî â ñâîåé çîíå, à êîðíåâàÿ çîíà óæå çàíÿòà èíòåðíåòîì, ïðèøëîñü çàâåñòè ñâîþ çîíó myzone, â êîòîðîé è âûäàâàòü äîìåííûå èìåíà òèïà SKLAD.myzone, OFFICE.myzone è òàê äàëåå. ×òîáû êëèåíòû ìîãëè ðàáîòàòü ñ êîðîòêèìè èìåíàìè áåç óêàçàíèÿ çîíû, íàïðèìåð SKLAD à íå SKLAD.myzone, íóæíû ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå íàñòðîéêè êëèåíòà (ñì. DNS. Íàñòðîéêà êëèåíòîâ)
Äëÿ çàâåäåíèÿ ïðÿìîé çîíû íóæíî â ôàéëå /etc/named.rfc1912.zones äîáàâèòü êîä
zone "myzone." {
type master;
file "myzone";
};
Ïîñëå ýòîãî â ïàïêå /var/named íóæíî ñîçäàòü ôàéë myzone ïðèìåðíî ñëåäóþùåãî ñîäåðæàíèÿ:
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
AAAA ::1
office A 192.168.0.47
office3 A 192.168.0.55
office5 A 192.168.0.70
office2 A 192.168.0.80
office4 A 192.168.0.106
.....
Ïîñëå ýòîãî ïåðåãðóçèòü ñåðâèñ named
/etc/init.d/named/restart
Âñ¸. Ïîñëå ýòîãî âñå êîìïüþòåðû èñïîëüçóþùèå ýòîò DNS ñìîãóò ïî èìåíàì â çîíå íàõîäèòü IP
Íàñòðîéêà îáðàòíîé çîíû
Îáðàòíàÿ çîíà íóæíà, ÷òîáû êîìïüþòåðû ìîãëè ïî IP íàõîäèòü äîìåííûå èìåíà.
Äëÿ çàâåäåíèÿ îáðàòíîé çîíû íóæíî â ôàéëå /etc/named.rfc1912.zones äîáàâèòü êîä
zone "0.168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "myzone.rev";
};
};
Ïîñëå ýòîãî â ïàïêå /var/named íóæíî ñîçäàòü ôàéë myzone.rev ïðèìåðíî ñëåäóþùåãî ñîäåðæàíèÿ:
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
PTR localhost.
IN NS ns.myzone
47 IN PTR office.myzone.
55 IN PTR office3.myzone.
70 IN PTR office5.myzone.
80 IN PTR office2.myzone.
106 IN PTR office4.myzone.
....
Ïîñëå ýòîãî ïåðåãðóçèòü ñåðâèñ named
/etc/init.d/named/restart
Âñ¸. Ïîñëå ýòîãî âñå êîìïüþòåðû èñïîëüçóþùèå ýòîò DNS ñìîãóò ïî IP íàõîäèòü äîìåííîå èìÿ
Íàñòðîéêà çîí - ïàðà ìûñëåé íàïîñëåäîê
Ïðè áîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå êîìïüþòåðîâ â ñåòè ðó÷íîå ðåäàêòèðîâàíèå ôàéëîâ çîí ìîæåò ñòàòü âåñüìà íåòðèâèàëüíûì çàíÿòèåì.
Åñëè ãäå-òî ðåãóëÿðíî âåä¸òñÿ è îáíîâëÿåòñÿ áàçà äàííûõ ñ èìåíàìè êîìïüþòåðîâ è èõ àäðåñàìè, èìååòñìûñë ñäåëàòü ñêðèïò äëÿ àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ñîçäàíèÿ çîí ïî ýòîé ÁÄ.
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DNS. Íàñòðîéêà SLAVE
Ðåøèë ïîäíÿòü íà îòäåëüíîì ñåðâåðå ñëåéâ (Secondary DNS). Ýòî íóæíî íà ñëó÷àé îòâàëèâàíèÿ ñåòêè ó ìàñòåðà (Primary DNS).
1. Ïîäíèìàåì íà ñëåéâå NAMED
yum install bind
2. Íàñòðàèâàåì ìàñòåðà íà ðàáîòó ñî ñëåéâîì (/etc/named.rfc1912.zones)
zone "myzone." {
type master;
file "myzone";
allow-transfer {
192.168.0.50; <<=== àäðåñ ñëåéâà (âòîðè÷íîãî DNS)
};
};
zone "192.168.0.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "myzone.rev";
allow-transfer {
192.168.0.50; <<=== àäðåñ ñëåéâà (âòîðè÷íîãî DNS)
};
};
3. Íàñòðàèâàåì ñëåéâ íà ðàáîòó ñ ìàñòåðîì (/etc/named.rfc1912.zones)
zone "myzone" {
type slave;
file "myzone.bk";
// IP address of eng.example.com master server
masters {
192.168.0.53; <<== Àäðåñ ìàñòåðà (ïåðâè÷íîãî DNS)
};
};
Ñëåéâ ñàì ñîçäà¸ò ôàéë myzone.bk. Ïîýòîìó ïîëüçîâàòåëü named äîëæåí èìåòü äîñòóï íà ÷òåíèå/çàïèñü âñåõ ôàéëîâ è ïàïîê â /var/named. Äëÿ ñëåéâà ýòî îñîáåííî êðèòè÷íî. Ìàñòåð ãîðàçäî ïðîùå ê ýòîìó îòíîñèòñÿ
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DNS. Íàñòðîéêà êëèåíòîâ
×òîáû êîìïüþòåðû ðàáîòàëè ñ DNS èõ íóæíî íàñòðîèòü
Íàñòðîéêà Windows XP
1. Ïðîïèñûâàåì DNS
* Îòêðûâàåì ñâîéñòâà ñåòåâîãî ïîäêëþ÷åíèÿ
*  íàñòðîéêàõ TCP/IP ïðîïèñûâàåì íàøè ïåðâè÷íûé è âòîðè÷íûé DNS
2. Äîáàâëÿåì ñóôôèêñ myzone
Òàì æå Äîïîëíèòåëüíî->DNS->Äîïèñûâàòü ñëåäóþùèå DNS ñóôôèêñû
Ýòî íóæíî ñäåëàòü, ò.ê. òåïåðü âñå íàçâàíèå êîìïîâ áóäóò èìåòü âèä office.myzone, è ÷òîáû ïîëüçîâàòåëü íå äîïèñûâàë ýòîò ñóôôèêñ âðó÷íóþ.
3. Îòêëþ÷àåì NetBIOS
Åñòü áîëüøîå æåëàíèå îòêëþ÷èòü NetBios. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ ó ìåíÿ ïîêà íå ïðîêàòèëî.
Òàì æå, Äîïîëíèòåëüíî->WINS->Îòêëþ÷èòü NetBios ÷åðåç TCP/IP
Íàñòðîéêà Linux
Îíè òîæå íóæäàþòñÿ â DNS.
×òîáû îíè èñïîëüçîâàëè íàøè DNS íóæíî â /etc/resolv.conf ïðîïèñàòü ñëåäóþùåå:
search myzone
nameserver 192.168.0.53 <<=== Àäðåñ ìàñòåðà
nameserver 192.168.0.50 <<=== Àäðåñ ñëåéâà
Âîò è âñ¸.