Modern Capitalism – The Marxist View: Part 5 |
Treachery!! Предательство!!
The feared “Soviet” secret service, the KGB, was always controlled by the the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency of the USA). As such, the CIA - KGB played an insidious and decisive role in the destruction of the Soviet Union.
The KGB's successor in conspiracy, the “Russian” secret service FSB (ФСБ - Федеральная служба «безопасности» России) is likewise controlled by the CIA.
Among the manifold CIA – FSB tasks in stifling Arnold Lockshin is to block almost all commentaries sent in response to my material on the internet.
Arnold Lockshin, political exile from the USA living in Russia
ФСБ - Федеральная служба «безопасности» России - по приказу своего секретного постоянного хозяина - американского ЦРУ блокирует почти все отправленные мне комментарии.
И это далеко не всё.
Арнольд Локшин, Политэмигранта из США
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Extended capitalist reproduction. In the earlier phases of capitalist development, simple reproduction generally predominated. As the wealth of capitalists increased and as the industrial revolution gathered speed and might, the capitalists, especially the most powerful, focused their attention on accumulating greater wealth, as opposed to simply indulging in personal luxuries. “Essentially the (modern – AL) capitalist process of production is simultaneously a process of accumulation” (Capital, Vol. III, p.281).
In order to accumulate additional capital – to purchase plants, machinery, raw materials and fuel as well as additional labor-power – the capitalists cannot expend all the surplus value they expropriate on their own personal consumption. “The capitalist cannot spend the value of his surplus-product for articles of consumption and at the same time consume the surplus-product for articles itself productively, i.e., incorporate it in his productive capital” (Vol. II, p. 508).
This “switch” from total consumption to accumulation signifies the “piling up of commodity-supplies in Dept. 2 (consumer goods – AL) which cannot be reconverted into productive capital (hence relative over-production in Dept. 2): surplus of money-capital in Dept. 1 and reproduction deficit in Dept. 2... one portion of the surplus-value is spent as revenue, and the other is converted into capital” (Vol. II, p. 507).
“The premise of simple reproduction, that v(1) + s(1) be equal to c(2) is incompatible with (modern – AL) capitalist reproduction... accumulation of capital, real (modern – AL) capitalist production, would be impossible under such circumstances. The fact of capitalist accumulation therefore excludes the possibility of c(2) being equal to v(1) + s(1)... An overproduction in Dept. 2 could not be adjusted in any other way than by a great crash... (Vol. II, p. 525).
“It goes without saying that as soon as we assume accumulation, v(1) + s(1) is greater than c(2), not equal to c(2), as in simple reproduction. (Vol. II, p. 518).
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“Overproduction” and the inevitability of crises Such a crash does not necessarily, or even usually, occur immediately. If capitalists are making a substantial profit, they may well be inclined to continue investing and producing, even as imbalances emerge. “Keep a good thing going.” At some point, the imbalances become too great to ignore, and the capitalists will pull back, often precipitously.
Marx was the first to demonstrate that the very process of accumulation required for capitalism to modernize and advance and, at times merely to survive, induces inevitable imbalances in the economy or what is known as “overproduction of goods.” “Overproduction” only in the sense that the general population has insufficient funds to purchase goods, even if they desperately need them.
Vladimir Lenin quotes Marx as follows: “The ultimate cause of all real crises always remains the poverty and limited consumption of the masses as opposed to the drive of capitalist production to develop the productive forces as though only the absolute consuming power of society constituted their limit.”
Lenin adds: “In the final analysis productive consumption (the consumption of means of production) is always bound up with individual consumption and is always dependent on it. Inherent in capitalism, on the one hand, is the tendency toward the limitless expansion of productive consumption, toward the limitless expansion of accumulation and production, and, on the other, the proletarianisation of the masses of the people that sets quite narrow limits for the expansion of individual consumption. It is obvious that we have here a contradiction in capitalist production...” (Lenin Collected Works, V. 4, p. 59).
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