Ãðàììàòèêà àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà.
Ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
http://www.homeenglish.ru/Grammar.htm
Âçÿòî ó
ÏëÞùÚ,
ÌÎÐÔÎËÎÃÈß
ÑÓÙÅÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÎÅ
Êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ
×èñëî
Ïàäåæ
Ðîä
Ôóíêöèè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî â ïðåäëîæåíèè
Îïðåäåëèòåëè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî
ÀÐÒÈÊËÜ
Óïîòðåáëåíèå íåîïðåäåëåííîãî àðòèêëÿ
Óïîòðåáëåíèå îïðåäåëåííîãî àðòèêëÿ
Îòñóòñòâèå àðòèêëÿ (íóëåâîé àðòèêëü)
Óïîòðåáëåíèå àðòèêëåé ñ èìåíàìè ñîáñòâåííûìè
Óïîòðåáëåíèå àðòèêëÿ
â íåêîòîðûõ ñî÷åòàíèÿõ è âûðàæåíèÿõ
ÏÐÈËÀÃÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ
Ìåñòî ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî â ïðåäëîæåíèè
Ñòåïåíè ñðàâíåíèÿ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ
Ñðàâíèòåëüíûå êîíñòðóêöèè ñ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûìè
Ïåðåõîä ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ â ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå
Îáðàçîâàíèå ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ
×ÈÑËÈÒÅËÜÍÎÅ
Êîëè÷åñòâåííûå ÷èñëèòåëüíûå
Ïîðÿäêîâûå ÷èñëèòåëüíûå
ÌÅÑÒÎÈÌÅÍÈÅ
Êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ìåñòîèìåíèé
Ëè÷íûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, you, they, them)
Ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
my, mine, your, yours, his, her,
hers, its, our, ours, your, yours,
their, theirs)
Âîçâðàòíî-óñèëèòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves è äð.)
Âçàèìíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
each other, one another)
Óêàçàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
this, these, that, those, such, the same, it)
Âîïðîñèòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
who, whom, what, which, whose)
Îòíîñèòåëüíûå è ñîåäèíèòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
who, whom, what, which, whose, that)
Îòðèöàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
no, none, neither, no one, nobody, nothing)
Íåîïðåäåëåííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
some, any, somebody, someone, something,
anybody, anyone, anything, one)
Îáîáùàþùèå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
all, both, either, each, every, everybody, everyone, everything, other, another)
Êîëè÷åñòâåííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (
many, much, few, little, a few, a little, several)
ÃËÀÃÎË
Îáùèå ñâåäåíèÿ, êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ãëàãîëîâ.
Ïåðåõîäíûå è íåïåðåõîäíûå ãëàãîëû.
ËÈ×ÍÛÅ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÃËÀÃÎËÀ
ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÇÀËÎÃ
Ñâîäíàÿ òàáëèöà ñïðÿæåíèÿ ãëàãîëîâ.
Ôîðìû íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè
The Present Indefinite (Simple)
To be è to have (got) â âîïðîñèòåëüíîé
è îòðèöàòåëüíîé ôîðìàõ
The Present Continuous
Îáîðîò to be going to
Ãëàãîëû, íå èìåþùèå ôîðì Continuous
The Present Perfect
Îñîáåííîñòè óïîòðåáëåíèå
Present Perfect è Past Indefinite
The Present Perfect Continuous
Ôîðìû ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè
The Past Indefinite (Simple)
The Past Continuous
The Past Perfect
The Past Perfect Continuous
Ôîðìû áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè
The Future Indefinite (Simple)
The Future Continuous
The Future Perfect
The Future Perfect Continuous
The Future in the Past
Ñîãëàñîâàíèå âðåìåí
ÑÒÐÀÄÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÇÀËÎÃ
Ñâîäíàÿ òàáëèöà
ñïðÿæåíèÿ ãëàãîëîâ
Ïðèìåðû îáðàçîâàíèÿ ôîðì Passive
Òèïû ïàññèâíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé
Óïîòðåáëåíèå Ñòðàäàòåëüíîãî çàëîãà
Ïåðåâîä ãëàãîëîâ â ôîðìå Passive
ÍÀÊËÎÍÅÍÈÅ
Ïîâåëèòåëüíîå íàêëîíåíèå
Ñîñëàãàòåëüíîå íàêëîíåíèå;
îáðàçîâàíèå ôîðì ñîñëàãàòåëüíîãî íàêëîíåíèÿ
Ïðèìåðû óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ôîðì
ñîñëàãàòåëüíîãî íàêëîíåíèÿ
Óñëîâíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ; òèïû óñëîâíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé
ÌÎÄÀËÜÍÛÅ ÃËÀÃÎËÛ
Îáùèå ñâåäåíèÿ; âåñü ñïèñîê.
×èñòî ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû:
can, may, must, ought (to)
Ýêâèâàëåíòû ãëàãîëîâ äîëæåíñòâîâàíèÿ:
to have (to), to be (to)
Ìíîãîôóíêöèîíàëüíûå ãëàãîëû â ðîëè ìîäàëüíûõ:
shall, should, will, would,
need, dare
Ïîíÿòèå î ôðàçîâûõ ãëàãîëàõ
ÍÅËÈ×ÍÛÅ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÃËÀÃÎËÀ
ÈÍÔÈÍÈÒÈÂ
Óïîòðåáëåíèå ïðîñòîãî èíôèíèòèâà
Îáúåêòíûé èíôèíèòèâíûé îáîðîò
Ñóáúåêòíûé èíôèíèòèâíûé îáîðîò
Èíôèíèòèâíûé îáîðîò ñ ïðåäëîãîì for
Ñëîæíûå ôîðìû èíôèíèòèâà
ÃÅÐÓÍÄÈÉ
Ôóíêöèè ãåðóíäèÿ â ïðåäëîæåíèè
Ãåðóíäèàëüíûé îáîðîò
Ñëîæíûå ôîðìû ãåðóíäèÿ
ÏÐÈ×ÀÑÒÈÅ
Present Participle Simple
Present Participle Perfect
Past Participle (Participle II)
Îáúåêòíûé ïðè÷àñòíûé îáîðîò
Ñóáúåêòíûé ïðè÷àñòíûé îáîðîò
Íåçàâèñèìûé ïðè÷àñòíûé îáîðîò
ÍÀÐÅ×ÈÅ
Êëàññèôèêàöèÿ è óïîòðåáëåíèå íàðå÷èé
Ôîðìû íàðå÷èé
Îáðàçîâàíèå íàðå÷èé
Ñòåïåíè ñðàâíåíèÿ íàðå÷èé
ÏÐÅÄËÎÃ
Îáùèå ñâåäåíèÿ
Ïðåäëîãè ìåñòà
Ïðåäëîãè íàïðàâëåíèÿ
Ïðåäëîãè âðåìåíè
ÑÎÞÇ
Ñî÷èíèòåëüíûå è
ïîä÷èíèòåëüíûå ñîþçû,
ñîþçíûå ñëîâà.
ÑÈÍÒÀÊÑÈÑ
ÏÐÎÑÒÎÅ ÏÐÅÄËÎÆÅÍÈÅ
ÏÎÂÅÑÒÂÎÂÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ ÏÐÅÄËÎÆÅÍÈÅ
Ïðîñòîå ïîâåñòâîâàòåëüíîå ïðåäëîæåíèå
Ïðåäëîæåíèå ñ îáîðîòîì there is
×ëåíû ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
Ïîäëåæàùåå
Ñêàçóåìîå
Äîïîëíåíèå
Îïðåäåëåíèå
Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà
ÂÎÏÐÎÑÈÒÅËÜÍÎÅ ÏÐÅÄËÎÆÅÍÈÅ (Êàê çàäàâàòü âîïðîñû.)
Îáùèå âîïðîñû
Ñïåöèàëüíûå âîïðîñû
Ñïåöèàëüíûå âîïðîñû
ê ïîäëåæàùåìó
èëè åãî îïðåäåëåíèþ
Àëüòåðíàòèâíûå âîïðîñû
Ðàçäåëèòåëüíûå âîïðîñû
ÑËÎÆÍÎÅ ÏÐÅÄËÎÆÅÍÈÅ
Ñëîæíîñî÷èíåííîå ïðåäëîæåíèå
Ñëîæíîïîä÷èíåííîå ïðåäëîæåíèå
Ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïîäëåæàùèå
Ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñêàçóåìûå
Äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
Îïðåäåëèòåëüíûå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâåííûå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
"Âðåìåíà àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëîâ"
Çàáàâíîå è ïîëåçíîå ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå,
ïîìîãàþùåå ðàçîáðàòüñÿ
ñ âðåìåíàìè àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëîâ.
Ñèñòåìà àíãëèéñêèõ âðåìåí ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ
óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ãëàãîëà "to vodka"
1. Â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ñóùåñòâóþò ãëàãîëû:
1.1 Íåîïðåäåëåííûå (Indefinite),
òî åñòü íåèçâåñòíî, ïüåøü òû èëè íåò
1.2 Äëèòåëüíûå (Continuous),
òî åñòü òû äàâíî è ïðîäîëæàåøü.
1.3 Çàâåðøåííûå (Perfect),
òî åñòü òû ëèáî óæå âûøåë èç çàïîÿ,
ëèáî óæå îêîí÷àòåëüíî íàïèëñÿ è âûðóáèëñÿ.
2. Âî-âòîðûõ, ñóùåñòâóåò îáúåêòèâíîå:
2.1 Íàñòîÿùåå (Present) - âàøå îòíîøåíèå ê ñïèðòíîìó
2.2 Ïðîøëîå (Past) - òåìíîå èëè ñâåòëîå
2.3 Áóäóùåå (Future) -
òî, ÷òî âàì ñâåòèò: öèððîç, áåëàÿ ãîðÿ÷êà è ò. ï.
3. Òåïåðü âñå ñìåøèâàåì.
3.1. Present
3.1.1. Present Indefinite
(íàñòîÿùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå).
I vodka every day - ß ïüþ âîäêó êàæäûé äåíü.
Âìåñòî every day ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âûðàæåíèÿ:
usually, seldom, often, from time to time,
from melkaya posuda, bolshimi giotkamy...
3.1.2. Present Continuous
(íàñòîÿùåå äëèòåëüíîå)
I am vodking now. - ß ïüþ âîäêó ñåé÷àñ
Äëÿ ýìôàòè÷åñêîãî óñèëåíèÿ ñ ýòèì âðåìåíåì
ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü íàðå÷èÿ
Íå is constantly vodking - Îí ïîñòîÿííî ïîääàòûé.
3.1.3. Present Perfect
(íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííîå)
I have already vodked. - ß óæå íàæðàìøèñü
(Â îòâåò íà ïðåäëîæåíèå âûïèòü)
3.1.4. Present Perfect Continuous
(íàñòîÿùåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå)
I have been vodking since childhood.
ß ïüþ âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà (òèï inclusive).
ß ïèë âîäêó ñ äåòñòâà íî óæå íå ïüþ
(òèï exclusive).
3.2. Past
3.2.1 Past Indefinite (ïðîøåäøåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå)
I vodked yesterday - ß íàïèëñÿ â÷åðà
(Íå ïóòàòü ñî âðåìåíåì 3.1.3 - òàì òû íàïèëñÿ òîëüêî ÷òî)
3.2.2. Past Continuous (ïðîøåäøåå äëèòåëüíîå).
×àñòî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ êàê ïðèäàòî÷íîå
ïðåäëîæåíèå ê ãëàâíîìó âî âðåìåíè 3.2.1.
Unfortunately, I was vodking at the moment
my wife came. -
Ê íåñ÷àñòüþ, ÿ ïèë âîäêó â òîò ìîìåíò,
êîãäà ïðèøëà æåíà.
3.2.3 Past Perfect (ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííîå).
Òàêæå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ êàê ïðèäàòî÷íîå.
I had already vodked when my wife came. -
ß óæå óïèëñÿ, êîãäà âîøëà æåíà.
3.2.4 Past Perfect Continuous
(ïðîøåäøåå çàâåðøåííî-ïðîäîëæåííîå).
I had been vodking for about a month when my wife came.
ß ïèë âîäêó óæå îêîëî ìåñÿöà, êîãäà âîøëà ìîÿ æåíà.
3.3. Future
3.3.1 Future Indefinite (áóäóùåå íåîïðåäåëåííîå).
I wiil vodka tomorrow. - ß áóäó ïèòü âîäêó çàâòðà.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:
 ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ
(òî åñòü ïðè îòñóòñòâèè ïîäõîäÿùåãî âðåìåíè è óñëîâèé)
âìåñòî âðåìåíè 3.3 1 óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âðåìÿ 3.1.1:
If I vodka tomorrow I will be sick the day after tomorrow. -
Åñëè ÿ âûïüþ çàâòðà, ÿ áóäó áîëåòü ïîñëåçàâòðà.
3.3.2 Future Continuous (áóäóùåå äëèòåëüíîå).
I will be vodking tomorrow at 5. -
ß áóäó çàíèìàòüñÿ óïîòðåáëåíèåì
ãîðÿ÷èòåëüíûõ íàïèòêîâ çàâòðà â ïÿòü.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:
Ïðè ãîðÿ÷åì æåëàíèè îïîõìåëèòüñÿ
âìåñòî âðåìåíè 3.3.1.
ìîæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü âðåìÿ 3 3.2
Soon! Soon I will be vodking.
- Ñêîðî! Ñêîðî ÿ áóäó ïèòü âîäêó!
3.3.3 Future Perfect (áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííîå)
Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè ñîñòîÿíèÿ îïüÿíåíèÿ.
Tomorrow by 5 o'clock I will have vodked. -
Çàâòðà ê ïÿòè ÿ áóäó íàæðàìøèñü.
3.3.4 Future Perfect Continuous
(áóäóùåå çàâåðøåííî-äëèòåëüíîå).
By tomorrow morning I will have been
vodking for a week. -
Ê çàâòðàøíåìó óòðó ÿ áóäó ïèòü âîäêó íåäåëþ.
3.3.5 Future in the Past
(áóäóùåå â ïðîøåäøåì).
Would you vodka in the children garden? -
Õîòåëè áû âû ïèòü áåëóþ â äåòñêîì ñàäó?
Äíåâíèê LVN