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: 04.06.2009
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, 06 2010 . 23:38 +
verbava (WonderStory)
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Psychology and fairy-tale

, 20 2009 . 11:54 +
verbava (WonderStory) from The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales

PSYCHOLOGY AND FAIRY TALES. The psychological significance of fairy tales has been one of the most pervasive topics in the history of fairy-tale studies. There are many different theories concerning the fairy tale's psychological meaning and value, but most start with the premiss that the stories are symbolic expressions of the human mind and emotional experience. According to this view, fairy-tale plots and motifs are not representations of socio-historical reality, but symbols of inner experience that provide insight into human behaviour. Consequently, the psychological approach to fairy tales involves symbolic interpretation, both for psychoanalysts, who use fairy tales diagnostically to illustrate psychological theories, and for folklorists and literary critics, who use psychological theories to illuminate fairy tales.
Although the psychological approach to fairy tales is usually associated with Freudian psychoanalysis and other 20th-century theories, it actually had its beginnings in the previous century, when nationalistic awareness motivated collectors and scholars to study folk tales as expressions of the folk soul or psyche. Focusing on the relationship of folk tales to myth, scholars looked to these stories for evidence of the values, customs, and beliefs that expressed a specific people's cultural identity.
Over the course of the 19th century and into the 20th, mythic and anthropological approaches to the fairy tale relied on the notion that the study of folk tales could reveal the 'psychology' of ethnic cultures, especially that of so-called primitive people. This form of ethnopsychology is exemplified in Wilhelm Wundt' s Volkerpsychologie (Folk Psychology, 1900-9), which maintained that the fairy tale is the oldest of all narrative forms and reveals fundamental aspects of the primitive mind.
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The Struggle for Meaning

, 03 2009 . 12:07 +
verbava (WonderStory)
BRUNO BETTELHEIM
The Struggle for Meaning

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Today, as in times past, the most important and also the most difficult task in raising a child is helping him to find meaning in life. Many growth experiences are needed to achieve this. The child, as he develops, must learn step by step to understand himself better; with this he becomes more able to understand others, and eventually can relate to them in ways which are mutually satisfying and meaningful.

To find deeper meaning, one must become able to transcend the narrow confines of a self-centered existence and believe that one will make a significant contribution to lifeif not right now, then at some future time. This feeling is necessary if a person is to be satisfied with himself and with what he is doing. In order not to be at the mercy of the vagaries of life, one must develop one's inner resources, so that one's emotions, imagination, and intellect mutually support and enrich one another. Our positive feelings give us the strength to develop our rationality; only hope for the future can sustain us in the adversities we unavoidably encounter.

As an educator and therapist of severely disturbed children, my main task was to restore meaning to their lives. This work made it obvious to me that if children were reared so that life was meaningful to them, they would not need special help. I was confronted with the problem of deducing what experiences in a child's life are most suited to promote his ability to find meaning in his life; to endow life in general with more meaning. Regarding this task, nothing is more important than the impact of parents and others who take care of the child; second in importance is our cultural heritage, when transmitted to the child in the right manner. When children are young, it is literature that carries such information best.

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, 07 2009 . 13:25 +
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, 04 2009 . 11:35 +
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, 28 2009 . 14:59 +
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, 04 2009 . 23:56 +
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