Pressure. Обсуждение на LiveInternet - Российский Сервис Онлайн-Дневников

This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals.

Magnitude	Pressure	lbf/in² or dB	Item
10⁻¹⁷Pa	10 aPa		Pressure in outer space in intergalactic voids (the lowest pressure ever measured)[1][2]
10⁻¹⁵ Pa	1-10 fPa		Pressure in outer space between stars in the Milky Way [1][3]
10⁻¹² Pa	1 pPa		Lowest pressure obtained in laboratory conditions[4]
10⁻¹¹ Pa
10⁻¹¹ Pa	40 pPa		Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar day,[5][6] very approximately (4×10⁻¹¹ Pa)[citation needed]
10⁻¹⁰ Pa	100 pPa		Atmosphere of Mercury, very approximately (1×10⁻¹⁰ Pa)[7]
10⁻¹⁰ Pa	800 pPa		Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar night,[5][6] very approximately (80×10⁻¹¹ Pa)[citation needed]
10⁻⁹ Pa	< 1 nPa		Vacuum expected in the beam pipe of the Large Hadron Collider's Atlas experiment [8]
10⁻⁹ Pa	~1 nPa		Approximate solar wind pressure at Earth's distance from the Sun[9] (variable)[citation needed]
10⁻⁸ Pa	10 nPa		Pressure inside a vacuum chamber for laser cooling of atoms (magneto-optical trap)[citation needed]
10⁻⁸ Pa	10-700 nPa		Atmospheric pressure in low Earth orbit [10][11]
10⁻⁷ Pa	100 nPa		Upper limit of ultra high vacuum [12][13]
10⁻⁶ Pa	1 µPa		Reference pressure for sound in water [14]
10⁻⁶ Pa	1 µPa		Pressure inside a vacuum tube (very approximate)[citation needed]
10⁻⁵ Pa	10 µPa		Radiation pressure of sunlight on a perfectly reflecting surface at the distance of the Earth.[15]
	20 µPa	0 dB	Reference pressure for sound in air [16]
	±20 µPa	0 dB	Threshold of human hearing [16]
10⁻⁴ Pa
10⁻³ Pa	1-100 mPa		Vacuum pressures used for molecular distillation [17]
10⁻² Pa
10⁻¹ Pa	100 mPa		Upper limit of high vacuum [12][18]
10⁻¹ Pa	~200 mPa		Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly)[19]
1 Pa	1 Pa		Pressure exerted by a US dollar bill resting flat on a surface[20]
1 Pa	1 Pa		Upper limit of molecular distillation, where the mean free path of molecules is larger than the equipment[citation needed]
10 Pa	10 Pa		Pressure increase per millimeter of a water column at Earth mean sea level[21]
	10 Pa		Pressure due to direct impact of a gentle breeze (~9 mph)[22][23][24]
	86 Pa		Pressure from the weight of a U.S. penny lying flat[25]
10² Pa	±100 Pa	~130 dB	Threshold of pain pressure level for sound. Prolonged exposure may lead to hearing loss.[citation needed]
	100 Pa		Pressure due to direct impact of a strong breeze (~28 mph)[22][23][26]
	120 Pa		Pressure from the weight of a U.S. quarter lying flat[27][28]
	133 Pa		1 torr ≈ 1 mmHg [29].
	±300 Pa	±0.043 psi	Lung air pressure difference moving the normal breaths of a person (only 0.3% of standard atmospheric pressure)[30][31]
	400 to 900 Pa	0.06 to 0.13 psi	Atmospheric pressure on Mars, < 1% of atmospheric sea-level pressure on Earth [32]
	610 Pa	0.089 psi	Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of water (611.73 Pa)[33]
10³ Pa	+1-10 kPa		Typical explosion peak overpressure needed to break glass windows (approximate)[34]
	2 kPa		Pressure of popping popcorn (very approximate)[35][36]
	2.6 kPa	0.38 psi	Pressure to make water boil at room temperature (22 °C) (20 mmHg)[37]
	5 kPa	0.8 psi	Blood pressure fluctuation (40 mmHg) between heartbeats for a typical healthy adult[38][39]
	6.9 kPa	1 psi	1 pound-force per square inch [29]
	+9.8 kPa	+1.4 psi	Lung pressure that a typical person can exert (74 mmHg)[40]
10⁴ Pa	10 kPa	1.5 psi	Pressure increase per meter of a water column [21]
	10 kPa	1.5 psi	Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation[citation needed]
	+13 kPa	+1.9 psi	High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player making staccato high notes[41]
	< +16 kPa	+2.3 psi	Systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult while at rest (< 120 mmHg) (gauge pressure)[38]
	+19.3 kPa	+2.8 psi	High end of lung pressure, exertable without injury by a healthy person for brief times[citation needed]
	+34 kPa	+5 psi	Level of long-duration blast overpressure (from a large-scale explosion) that would cause most buildings to collapse[42]
	+70 kPa	+10 psi	Pressure for paint exiting an HVLP (low-pressure) paint spray gun[43]
	70 kPa		Pressure inside an incandescent light bulb [44]
	80 kPa	12 psi	Pressure inside vacuum cleaner at sea level on Earth (80% of standard atmospheric pressure)[citation needed]
	87 kPa	13 psi	Record low atmospheric pressure for typhoon/hurricane (Typhoon Tip in 1979) (only 86% of standard atmospheric pressure)[45]
10⁵ Pa	100 kPa	15 psi	1 bar (14.5 psi)[46], approximately equal to the weight of one kilogram (1 kilopond) acting on one square centimeter[29]
	101 kPa	15 psi	Standard atmospheric pressure for Earth sea level (14.7 psi)[29]
	150 to > 550 kPa	25 to > 80 psi	Impact pressure of a fist punch (approximate)[citation needed][47]
	+180 to +250 kPa	+26 to +36 psi	Air pressure in an automobile tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed]
	+200 to +1,500 kPa	+30 to +220 psi	Air pressure in a bicycle tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed]
	300 kPa	50 psi	Water pressure of a garden hose [48]
	300 to 700 kPa	50 to 100 psi	Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US[49]
	400 to 600 kPa	60 to 90 psi	Air pressure in a champagne bottle[50]
	520 kPa	75 psi	Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of carbon dioxide [51]
	+690 to +830 kPa	+100 to +120 psi	Air pressure in a heavy truck/bus tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed]
	800 kPa		Vapor pressure of water in a kernel of popcorn when the kernel ruptures[52]
10⁶ Pa	0.8 to 2 MPa	120 to 290 psi	Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives[citation needed]
	2.8 to 8.3 MPa	400 to 1200 psi	Pressure of carbon dioxide propellant in a paintball gun[53]
	5 MPa	700 psi	Water pressure of the output of a coin-operated car wash spray nozzle[48]
	5 MPa	700 psi	Military submarine max. rated pressure (est.) of Seawolf class nuclear sub, at depth of 500 m[54][55]
	6.9-27 MPa	1000-4000 psi	Water spray pressure used by pressure washers [56]
	9.2 MPa	1300 psi	Atmosphere of Venus (92 bar)[57]
10⁷ Pa	> 10 MPa	> 1500 psi	Pressure exerted by a 45-kg woman wearing stiletto heels when a heel hits the floor[58]
	15 MPa	2200 psi	Power stroke maximum pressure in diesel truck engine when burning fuel[citation needed]
	21 MPa	3000 psi	Pressure of a typical aluminium scuba tank of pressurized air (210 bar)[59]
	20 MPa	2900 psi	Typical pressure used for hydrogenolysis reactions[60]
	69 MPa	10000 psi	Water pressure withstood by the DSV Shinkai 6500 in visiting ocean depths of > 6500 meters[61]
	70 to 280 MPa	10000 to 40000 psi	Maximum chamber pressure during a pistol firing[62]
10⁸ Pa	110 MPa	16000 psi	Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 11 km below ocean surface (1100 bar)[63]
	100 to 300 MPa	15000 to 44000 psi	Pressure inside reactor for the synthesis of high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE)[64]
	400 MPa	58000 psi	Chamber pressure of late 1910s .50 Browning Machine Gun discharge[citation needed]
	240 to 620 MPa	35000 to 90000 psi	Water pressure used in a water jet cutter [65]
10⁹ Pa	1 GPa		Extremely high-pressure chemical reactors (10 kbar)[citation needed]
10¹⁰ Pa	10 GPa		Pressure at which octaoxygen forms at room temperature (100,000 bar)[66]
	18 GPa		Pressure needed for the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond[citation needed]
	24 to 110 GPa		Stability range of enstatite in its perovskite-structured polymorph, possibly the most common mineral inside the Earth[citation needed]
	40 GPa		Quantum mechanical electron degeneracy pressure in a block of copper [67]
	96 GPa		Pressure at which metallic oxygen forms (960,000 bar)[66]
10¹¹ Pa	100 GPa		Theoretical tensile strength of a carbon nanotube (CNT)[citation needed]
	130 GPa		Intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene [68]
	> 300 GPa		Pressure attainable with a diamond anvil cell [69]
	360 GPa		Pressure inside the core of the Earth (3.64 million bar)[70][71]
10¹² Pa
10¹³ Pa
10¹⁴ Pa	540 TPa		Pressure inside an Ivy Mike-like nuclear bomb detonation (5.3 billion bar)[72][73]
10¹⁵ Pa	6.5 PPa		Pressure inside a W80 nuclear warhead detonation (64 billion bar)[72][74]
10¹⁶ Pa	25 PPa		Pressure inside the core of the Sun (250 billion bar)[75]
10¹⁶ Pa	57 PPa		Pressure inside a uranium nucleus (8 MeV in a sphere of radius 175 pm)[76]
10³⁴ Pa	0.3 to 16×10³⁴ Pa		Pressure range inside a neutron star [77]
10¹¹³ Pa	4.6×10¹¹³ Pa	6.7×10¹⁰⁹ psi	The Planck pressure (4.63x10¹⁰⁸ bar), not reached except shortly after the Big Bang or in a black hole

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Pressure