This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals.
Magnitude |
Pressure |
Item |
|
---|---|---|---|
10−17 Pa
|
10 aPa |
Pressure in outer space in intergalactic voids (the lowest pressure ever measured)[1][2] |
|
10−15 Pa
|
1-10 fPa |
Pressure in outer space between stars in the Milky Way[1][3] |
|
10−12 Pa
|
1 pPa |
Lowest pressure obtained in laboratory conditions[4] |
|
10−11 Pa
|
|||
40 pPa |
Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar day,[5][6] very approximately (4×10−11 Pa)[citation needed] |
||
10−10 Pa
|
100 pPa |
Atmosphere of Mercury, very approximately (1×10−10 Pa)[7] |
|
800 pPa |
Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar night,[5][6] very approximately (80×10−11 Pa)[citation needed] |
||
10−9 Pa
|
< 1 nPa |
Vacuum expected in the beam pipe of the Large Hadron Collider's Atlas experiment[8] |
|
~1 nPa |
Approximate solar wind pressure at Earth's distance from the Sun[9] (variable)[citation needed] |
||
10−8 Pa
|
10 nPa |
Pressure inside a vacuum chamber for laser cooling of atoms (magneto-optical trap)[citation needed] |
|
10-700 nPa |
Atmospheric pressure in low Earth orbit[10][11] |
||
10−7 Pa
|
100 nPa |
Upper limit of ultra high vacuum[12][13] |
|
10−6 Pa
|
1 µPa |
Reference pressure for sound in water[14] |
|
1 µPa |
Pressure inside a vacuum tube (very approximate)[citation needed] |
||
10−5 Pa
|
10 µPa |
Radiation pressure of sunlight on a perfectly reflecting surface at the distance of the Earth.[15] |
|
20 µPa |
0 dB |
||
±20 µPa |
0 dB |
||
10−4 Pa
|
|||
10−3 Pa
|
1-100 mPa |
Vacuum pressures used for molecular distillation[17] |
|
10−2 Pa
|
|||
10−1 Pa
|
100 mPa |
Upper limit of high vacuum[12][18] |
|
~200 mPa |
Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly)[19] |
||
1 Pa
|
1 Pa |
Pressure exerted by a US dollar bill resting flat on a surface[20] |
|
1 Pa |
Upper limit of molecular distillation, where the mean free path of molecules is larger than the equipment[citation needed] |
||
10 Pa
|
10 Pa |
Pressure increase per millimeter of a water column at Earth mean sea level[21] |
|
10 Pa |
Pressure due to direct impact of a gentle breeze (~9 mph)[22][23][24] |
||
86 Pa |
Pressure from the weight of a U.S. penny lying flat[25] |
||
102 Pa
|
±100 Pa |
~130 dB |
Threshold of pain pressure level for sound. Prolonged exposure may lead to hearing loss.[citation needed] |
100 Pa |
Pressure due to direct impact of a strong breeze (~28 mph)[22][23][26] |
||
120 Pa |
Pressure from the weight of a U.S. quarter lying flat[27][28] |
||
133 Pa |
|||
±300 Pa |
±0.043 psi |
Lung air pressure difference moving the normal breaths of a person (only 0.3% of standard atmospheric pressure)[30][31] |
|
400 to 900 Pa |
0.06 to 0.13 psi |
Atmospheric pressure on Mars, < 1% of atmospheric sea-level pressure on Earth[32] |
|
610 Pa |
0.089 psi |
Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of water (611.73 Pa)[33] |
|
103 Pa
|
+1-10 kPa |
Typical explosion peak overpressure needed to break glass windows (approximate)[34] |
|
2 kPa |
|||
2.6 kPa |
0.38 psi |
Pressure to make water boil at room temperature (22 °C) (20 mmHg)[37] |
|
5 kPa |
0.8 psi |
Blood pressure fluctuation (40 mmHg) between heartbeats for a typical healthy adult[38][39] |
|
6.9 kPa |
1 psi |
||
+9.8 kPa |
+1.4 psi |
||
104 Pa
|
10 kPa |
1.5 psi |
Pressure increase per meter of a water column[21] |
10 kPa |
1.5 psi |
Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation[citation needed] |
|
+13 kPa |
+1.9 psi |
High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player making staccato high notes[41] |
|
< +16 kPa |
+2.3 psi |
Systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult while at rest (< 120 mmHg) (gauge pressure)[38] |
|
+19.3 kPa |
+2.8 psi |
High end of lung pressure, exertable without injury by a healthy person for brief times[citation needed] |
|
+34 kPa |
+5 psi |
Level of long-duration blast overpressure (from a large-scale explosion) that would cause most buildings to collapse[42] |
|
+70 kPa |
+10 psi |
Pressure for paint exiting an HVLP (low-pressure) paint spray gun[43] |
|
70 kPa |
Pressure inside an incandescent light bulb[44] |
||
80 kPa |
12 psi |
Pressure inside vacuum cleaner at sea level on Earth (80% of standard atmospheric pressure)[citation needed] |
|
87 kPa |
13 psi |
Record low atmospheric pressure for typhoon/hurricane (Typhoon Tip in 1979) (only 86% of standard atmospheric pressure)[45] |
|
105 Pa
|
100 kPa |
15 psi |
1 bar (14.5 psi)[46], approximately equal to the weight of one kilogram (1 kilopond) acting on one square centimeter[29] |
101 kPa
|
15 psi |
Standard atmospheric pressure for Earth sea level (14.7 psi)[29] |
|
150 to > 550 kPa |
25 to > 80 psi |
Impact pressure of a fist punch (approximate)[citation needed][47] |
|
+180 to +250 kPa |
+26 to +36 psi |
Air pressure in an automobile tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed] |
|
+200 to +1,500 kPa |
+30 to +220 psi |
Air pressure in a bicycle tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed] |
|
300 kPa |
50 psi |
Water pressure of a garden hose[48] |
|
300 to 700 kPa |
50 to 100 psi |
Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US[49] |
|
400 to 600 kPa |
60 to 90 psi |
||
520 kPa |
75 psi |
Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of carbon dioxide[51] |
|
+690 to +830 kPa |
+100 to +120 psi |
Air pressure in a heavy truck/bus tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed] |
|
800 kPa |
Vapor pressure of water in a kernel of popcorn when the kernel ruptures[52] |
||
106 Pa
|
0.8 to 2 MPa |
120 to 290 psi |
Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives[citation needed] |
2.8 to 8.3 MPa |
400 to 1200 psi |
Pressure of carbon dioxide propellant in a paintball gun[53] |
|
5 MPa |
700 psi |
Water pressure of the output of a coin-operated car wash spray nozzle[48] |
|
5 MPa |
700 psi |
Military submarine max. rated pressure (est.) of Seawolf class nuclear sub, at depth of 500 m[54][55] |
|
6.9-27 MPa |
1000-4000 psi |
Water spray pressure used by pressure washers[56] |
|
9.2 MPa |
1300 psi |
Atmosphere of Venus (92 bar)[57] |
|
107 Pa
|
> 10 MPa |
> 1500 psi |
Pressure exerted by a 45-kg woman wearing stiletto heels when a heel hits the floor[58] |
15 MPa |
2200 psi |
Power stroke maximum pressure in diesel truck engine when burning fuel[citation needed] |
|
21 MPa |
3000 psi |
Pressure of a typical aluminium scuba tank of pressurized air (210 bar)[59] |
|
20 MPa |
2900 psi |
Typical pressure used for hydrogenolysis reactions[60] |
|
69 MPa |
10000 psi |
Water pressure withstood by the DSV Shinkai 6500 in visiting ocean depths of > 6500 meters[61] |
|
70 to 280 MPa |
10000 to 40000 psi |
||
108 Pa
|
110 MPa |
16000 psi |
Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 11 km below ocean surface (1100 bar)[63] |
100 to 300 MPa |
15000 to 44000 psi |
Pressure inside reactor for the synthesis of high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE)[64] |
|
400 MPa |
58000 psi |
Chamber pressure of late 1910s .50 Browning Machine Gun discharge[citation needed] |
|
240 to 620 MPa |
35000 to 90000 psi |
Water pressure used in a water jet cutter[65] |
|
109 Pa
|
1 GPa |
Extremely high-pressure chemical reactors (10 kbar)[citation needed] |
|
1010 Pa
|
10 GPa |
Pressure at which octaoxygen forms at room temperature (100,000 bar)[66] |
|
18 GPa |
Pressure needed for the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond[citation needed] |
||
24 to 110 GPa |
Stability range of enstatite in its perovskite-structured polymorph, possibly the most common mineral inside the Earth[citation needed] |
||
40 GPa |
Quantum mechanical electron degeneracy pressure in a block of copper[67] |
||
96 GPa |
Pressure at which metallic oxygen forms (960,000 bar)[66] |
||
1011 Pa |
100 GPa |
Theoretical tensile strength of a carbon nanotube (CNT)[citation needed] |
|
130 GPa |
|||
> 300 GPa |
Pressure attainable with a diamond anvil cell[69] |
||
360 GPa |
Pressure inside the core of the Earth (3.64 million bar)[70][71] |
||
1012 Pa
|
|||
1013 Pa
|
|||
1014 Pa
|
540 TPa |
Pressure inside an Ivy Mike-like nuclear bomb detonation (5.3 billion bar)[72][73] |
|
1015 Pa
|
6.5 PPa |
Pressure inside a W80 nuclear warhead detonation (64 billion bar)[72][74] |
|
1016 Pa
|
25 PPa |
||
57 PPa |
Pressure inside a uranium nucleus (8 MeV in a sphere of radius 175 pm)[76] |
||
1034 Pa |
0.3 to 16×1034 Pa |
Pressure range inside a neutron star[77] |
|
10113 Pa |
4.6×10113 Pa |
6.7×10109 psi |
The Planck pressure (4.63x10108 bar), not reached except shortly after the Big Bang or in a black hole |