You may hook them as much as a 12 Volt battery with a PWM controller, however since these controllers instantly connect the panel to the battery (they're just a swap), it forces the panel to run at 14 or 15 Volt, half of what it will probably do, and power output might be half as properly.
With PWM when the battery voltage is low, say 11 volts, when the Charge controller connects the panel's output to the battery, the photo voltaic panels output is pulled from 18 volts down to 11 volts. So that pwm charge controllers the voltage output of the photo voltaic panel rises as properly, utilizing extra of the solar energy because it fees.

The solar panel voltage is drawn right down to match the battery voltage and the full present output of the solar panels is dumped into the batteries. Charge controllers have been developed for these 36-cell panels, to prevent overcharging and damage to the battery.
So, for all intends and purposes, all of the MPPT controllers in the marketplace want an enter Voltage from the panels that's larger than the battery Voltage. Because the battery expenses, the voltage of the battery rises. Let's have a look at how this impacts our system with a a hundred watt 12 volt nominal panel with a 12 volt nominal battery bank.

The panel comes ready to instantly connect with a battery and commence charging; plug-and-play Model can be sold as only a stand-alone panel. With out a Charge controller, the tendency would be for the voltage to circulation out of the battery bank. You may't usually tell the distinction between a PWM and MPPT Charge controller just by taking a look at them.
This stage will contribute nearly all of the Charge to the batteries and is usually known as the fixed-current stage. Likewise, a 48 Volt battery financial institution wants 3 of the 60-cell panels in collection to reach a Voltage that is excessive sufficient to constantly Charge the batteries.
As the battery gets charged its voltage slowly increases till it reaches round 14.4V. At this level the batteries will be around eighty% charged, however continued charging at this voltage and max current might be damaging, so the Charge controller strikes into the subsequent stage.

So let's evaluate those two outputs with the same battery and same panel, simply going from a PWM to an MPPT Charge controller. These panels have an open Voltage of about 38 Volt, and run at about 30 Volt (although on a sizzling day within the solar they will run as little as 24 Volt).
The breaking generator might deliver a large span of voltages (and powers) to be provided to a relatively fixed voltage battery. Throughout bulk charging when there is a steady connection from the array to the battery financial institution, the array output voltage is pulled down to match the battery voltage.

This stage will contribute nearly all of the Charge to the batteries and is sometimes called the fixed-present stage. Likewise, a forty eight Volt battery financial institution wants three of the 60-cell panels in sequence to achieve a Voltage that's high sufficient to constantly Charge the batteries.
So when it drops the volts by 1.6 to maintain energy fixed, it increases the current by 1.6 as effectively. SOMPOR will provide help to perceive the distinction between PWM or pulse width modulation, and MPPT or multi-point energy monitoring Charge controllers and when to make use of every.