- FreeBSD :
FreeBSD ?
FreeBSD router ().
, :
Ethernet
є (/24 - 255.255.255.0)
FreeBSD
, 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.0.0/24.
FreeBSD () .
net.inet.ip.forwarding, :
[root@freebsd ~]# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0
0″, , FreeBSD .
:
[root@freebsd ~]# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0 -> 1
0″ 1″. , 1-. 2- :
/etc/rc.conf : gateway_enable=YES
/etc/sysctl.conf : net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
: em0 em1.
em0 , em1 . IP- FreeBSD :
[root@freebsd ~]# ifconfig em0 add 192.168.1.1/24
[root@freebsd ~]# ifconfig em1 add 192.168.0.1/24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:
ifconfig :
command not found
[root@virus ~]# whereis ifconfig
ifconfig: /sbin/ifconfig /usr/share/man/man8/ifconfig.8.gz /usr/src/sbin/ifconfig
ifconfig
whereis ifconfig /sbin/ifconfig
ifconfig, command not found
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:
[root@freebsd ~]# ifconfig -a
em0: flags=8843 metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:02:a5:4e:92:48
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX )
status: active
em1: flags=8802 metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:02:a5:4e:92:49
inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX )
status: active :
em0 em1 -
UP - , , ( : ifconfig _ up)
ether - mac-
inet - IP- broadcast
media -
status - . status: no carrier, , .
, IP- , /etc/rc.conf :
ifconfig_em0=inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0″
ifconfig_em1=inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0″
firewall, ipfw, :
ipfw add 100 allow ip from 192.168.1.1/24 to 192.168.0.1/24
ipfw add 110 allow ip from 192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.1.1/24
:
IP- : 192.168.1. 192.168.0.
255.255.255.0
: 192.168.1. 192.168.1.1, 192.168.0. 192.168.0.1 ( IP- FreeBSD )
. 2- , IP-:
192.168.1.11
192.168.0.15
ping :
[root@freebsd ~]# ping 192.168.1.11
:
PING 192.168.1.11 (192.168.1.11): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.11: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.466 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.238 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.11: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.272 ms
^C
192.168.1.11 ping statistics
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.238/0.325/0.466/0.100 ms
. 192.168.0.15.
ping , IP- , .
.
ping, IP- 192.168.1.11:
ping 192.168.0.15
, .
, tracert ( Windows) traceroute ( FreeBSD):
tracert 192.168.0.15
:
1 * * *
.
:
1 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 0.421 ms 0.447 ms 0.485 ms
2 * * *
, firewall IP- 192.168.0.15 ( IP-, , ping )
, ? tcpdump , :
[root@freebsd ~]# tcpdump -ni em0
[root@freebsd ~]# tcpdump -ni em1
( ) tcpdump , :
[root@freebsd ~]# tcpdump -ni em0
12:17:23.398376 IP 192.168.1.11 > 192.168.0.15: ICMP echo request, id 49222, seq 0, length 64
12:17:24.399906 IP 192.168.1.11 > 192.168.0.15: ICMP echo request, id 49222, seq 1, length 64
.. 192.168.1.11 ICMP echo request 192.168.0.15, . :
[root@freebsd ~]# tcpdump -ni em1
12:21:18.167017 IP 192.168.1.11 > 192.168.0.15: ICMP echo request, id 50246, seq 4, length 64
12:21:19.168022 IP 192.168.1.11 > 192.168.0.15: ICMP echo request, id 50246, seq 5, length 64
, , . 192.168.0.15 .
:
12:21:17.165998 IP 192.168.1.11 > 192.168.0.15: ICMP echo request, id 50246, seq 3, length 64
12:21:17.171199 IP 192.168.0.15 > 192.168.1.11: ICMP echo reply, id 50246, seq 3, length 64
12:21:18.167017 IP 192.168.1.11 > 192.168.0.15: ICMP echo request, id 50246, seq 4, length 64
12:21:18.171353 IP 192.168.0.15 > 192.168.1.11: ICMP echo reply, id 50246, seq 4, length 64
-, ICMP echo request ICMP echo reply