1932 . . , . , — "VR-1000" ( — "VRX-1000") "" 14 1956 . - 50 000 "VR-1000" , .

1957 "" SMPTE, "", . . .
1970 " ", . , 1958 . - , , " ". , () . ( ) ( "").
. . 70-, . , . ( ) 1958 . . . Q, . 20 1960 " " " " . : , . .
"-1" Q.

160 . "-3", .

20 , "-2" .

, 1970- , . 1980- - . , - - "" . , .
. - , . 1967 - "", .

, 25,4 . , , , , . 1970 "-1/2", 8000 . : , 1973 "" - "-",

— "-501",

"-502",

" 1-08"

"-205",

"-590"

"-508",

"-509"

"-591".

" -403"

EIAJ-1 , — ORWO. "-203 " VCR . 1974 .

1979 "-505" "-505" .

( 2000 ) , .
1980-, "VHS", , . , 1984 " -12" "VHS".

1986 , .
" -8220" 1987 .
" -15" 1988 .
" -18 -32" 1989 1991 , , , . 1 228 " , ". , , , . 1988 100 . , .
: